02099nas a2200169 4500008004100000245009800041210006900139300000900208490000700217520156200224653002001786653001401806653001801820100001801838700001801856856005501874 2012 eng d00aHigher-level Phylogeny of the Insect Order Hemiptera: Is Auchenorrhyncha Really Paraphyletic?0 aHigherlevel Phylogeny of the Insect Order Hemiptera Is Auchenorr a7-210 v373 a
The higher-level phylogeny of the order Hemiptera remains a contentious topic in insect systematics. The controversy is chiefly centered on the unresolved question of whether or not the hemipteran suborder Auchenorrhyncha (including the extant superfamilies Fulgoroidea, Membracoidea, Cicadoidea and Cercopoidea) is a monophyletic lineage. Presented here are the results of a multilocus molecular phylogenetic investigation of relationships among the major hemipteran lineages, designed specifically to address the question of Auchenorrhyncha monophyly in the context of broad taxonomic sampling across Hemiptera. Phylogenetic analyses (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) were based on DNA nucleotide sequence data from seven gene regions (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, histone H3, histone 2A, wingless, cytochrome c oxidase I and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4) generated from 86 in-group exemplars representing all major lineages of Hemiptera (plus seven out-group taxa). All combined analyses of these data recover the monophyly of Auchenorrhyncha, and also support the monophyly of each of the following lineages: Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Heteropterodea, Heteroptera, Fulgoroidea, Cicadomorpha, Membracoidea, Cercopoidea and Cicadoidea. Also presented is a review of the major lines of morphological and molecular evidence for and against the monophyly of Auchenorrhyncha.
The spittlebug superfamily Cercopoidea (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) comprises approximately 3000 phytophagous species (including some economically important pests of grass crops) classified among the families Cercopidae, Aphrophoridae, Epipygidae, Clastopteridae and Machaerotidae. However, the monophyly of these taxa has never been tested and the evolutionary relationships among these major lineages are unknown. Presented here are the results of the first ever phylogenetic investigation of the higher-level relationships within Cercopoidea, based on DNA nucleotide sequence data from six loci (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, histone 3, wingless, cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome oxidase II) generated from exemplars of 109 spittlebug species representing all five described families, seven of eight subfamilies and 61 genera (eight additional exemplars, representing a selection of other Auchenorrhyncha taxa, were included as outgroups). The resulting topologies are used to evaluate the monophyly of each cercopoid family, and further to calculate divergence date estimates to examine the chronological origins and historical diversification of Cercopoidea. The results of this investigation suggest that: (i) four of the five described families are monophyletic; Epipygidae was recovered consistently as originating within Aphrophoridae; (ii) the exclusively Old World Machaerotidae is the most anciently diversified family of extant spittlebugs; (iii) New World Cercopidae (i.e. Ischnorhininae) constitute a derived monophyletic lineage; (iv) the genus Microsargane Fowler, classified currently within Aphrophoridae, actually belongs within Cercopidae; and (v) the origins of the major spittlebug lineages probably coincided with the breakup of Pangaea and, subsequently, Gondwana, as well as major floristic diversification such as the rise of angiosperms.
The hemipteran infraorder Cicadomorpha comprises the superfamilies Cicadoidea (cicadas), Cercopoidea (spittlebugs or froghoppers) and Membracoidea (leafhoppers and treehoppers). Earlier attempts to determine relationships among these three monophyletic lineages using either morphological or molecular data suffered from insufficient sampling (taxonomic and data) and problematic tree rooting, leading to discordant results. Presented here are phylogenetic reconstructions within Cicadomorpha based on DNA nucleotide sequence data from multiple genetic markers (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, and histone 3) sequenced from representative taxa of Cicadidae, Tettigarctidae, Cercopidae, Aphrophoridae, Clastopteridae, Machaerotidae, Epipygidae, Cicadellidae, Membracidae, Myerslopiidae and Aetalionidae. To test the robustness of the phylogenetic signal, these sequence data were analysed separately and in combination under various alignment parameters using both manual alignment (of both attenuated and full sequences) and alignment via clustal x. The results demonstrate clearly that, despite the alignment method used, basing a phylogeny on a single gene region is often misleading. Analyses of the combination of datasets support the major relationships within Cicadomorpha as (Membracoidea (Cicadoidea, Cercopoidea)). Internal relationships recovered within each superfamily shows evidence for: (1) the placement of Myerslopiidae as the sister group of the remaining Membracoidea; (2) the paraphyly of Cicadellidae; (3) the sister-group relationship between Machaerotidae and Clastopteridae; (4) the monophyly of Cercopidae; (5) the diversification of Epipygidae from within the possibly paraphyletic Aphrophoridae.
Recent independent phylogenetic analyses of membracid relationships based on molecular and morphological data have identified monophyletic lineages within the family. However, the results of these studies have not fully resolved treehopper phylogeny, and relationships among some higher membracid lineages remain in doubt. Portions of three datasets (958 aligned nucleotides from elongation factor-1α, 2363 aligned nucleotides from 28S ribosomal DNA, and eighty-three morphological features of adults and nymphs) introduced in recent studies were reanalysed separately and in combination with two new molecular datasets (321 aligned nucleotides from wingless and 1829 aligned nucleotides from 18S ribosomal DNA). The results of the combined data analyses, contrary to previous analyses of morphological data alone, grouped membracids into two well-supported lineages, one comprising Stegaspidinae and Centrotinae, the other comprising Membracinae, Darninae and Smiliinae. The analyses recovered Centrotinae, Membracinae and Darninae as monophyletic groups, but Stegaspidinae was paraphyletic with respect to Centrotinae, and Smiliinae was polyphyletic with Micrutalini placed as a sister group to the clade comprising Membracinae, Darninae and Smiliinae. These results are consistent with the following hypotheses, proposed previously based on an analysis of morphological data: (1) the posterior pronotal process was derived and lost multiple times during the evolution of Membracidae; (2) Membracidae originated in the New World and reached the Old World subsequently via dispersal; (3) maternal care evolved independently multiple times and may or may not have been preceded by the acquisition of ant mutualism.
10amembracid10aPhylogenetic analyses10atreehopper phylogeny1 aCryan, J., R.1 aWiegmann, B., M.1 aDeitz, L., L.1 aDietrich, C., H.1 aWhiting, M., F. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0307-6970.2004.00260.x00678nam a2200133 4500008004100000245013700041210006900178260005500247653001200302100001800314700002200332700001800354856017200372 2003 eng d00aThe New World Treehopper Tribe Microcentrini (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Stegaspidinae): Monographic Revision and Phylogenetic Position0 aNew World Treehopper Tribe Microcentrini Hemiptera Membracidae S aLanham, MarylandbEntomological Society of America10abiology1 aCryan, J., R.1 aRobertson, J., A.1 aDeitz, L., L. uhttp://www.worldcat.org/title/new-world-treehopper-tribe-microcentrini-hemiptera-membracidae-stegaspidinae-monographic-revision-and-phylogenetic-position/oclc/5656510301453nas a2200217 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164300001200233490000800245520076500253653002101018653002301039653001601062653001201078653002801090653002701118653001501145100001801160700001801178856003901196 2002 eng d00aEnigmatic Treehopper Genera (Hemiptera: Membracidae): Deiroderes Ramos, Holdgatiella Evans, and Togotolania, New Genus0 aEnigmatic Treehopper Genera Hemiptera Membracidae Deiroderes Ram a868-8830 v1043 aTwo poorly known Neotropical treehopper genera, Deiroderes Ramos and Holdgatiella Evans, are revised and redescribed based on adult morphology. The Caribbean genus Deiroderes (unplaced within the subfamily Stegaspidinae) has three valid species including D. inornatus, new species (Jamaica). The Neotropical genus Holdgatiella (currently unplaced within Membracidae) has two valid species including H. stria, new species (Venezuela). In addition, a previously unknown Caribbean genus is here described, Togotolania, new genus, with two species: T. longicorna, new species (Dominican Republic) and T. brachycorna, new species (Guadeloupe). All species included in these three genera are illustrated, and keys are given for the identification of adults.
10aDeiroderes Ramos10aHoldgatiella Evans10aNeotropical10aspecies10aTogotolania brachycorna10aTogotolania longicorna10atreehopper1 aCryan, J., R.1 aDeitz, L., L. uhttp://biostor.org/reference/5576901154nas a2200205 4500008004100000245011700041210006900158300001200227490000700239520051100246653001900757653001400776653001400790653001600804653001300820653001500833100001800848700002100866856006100887 2002 eng d00aA Redescription of Caribbean Treehopper Genus Antillotalinia Ramos (Hemiptera: Membracidae), and Two New Species0 aRedescription of Caribbean Treehopper Genus Antillotalinia Ramos a302-3080 v953 ahe Caribbean treehopper genus Antillotolania Ramos, classified in the subfamily Stegaspidinae, is redescribed based on adult morphology. Antillotolania doramariae Ramos, the type species, is redescribed and illustrated; descriptions and illustrations are also given for A. microcentroides, new species from Guadeloupe and the British Virgin Islands, and A. extrema, new species from Puerto Rico. A key for the identification of adults is provided for the genus.
10aAntillotolania10aCaribbean10aHemiptera10aMembracidae10ataxonomy10atreehopper1 aCryan, J., R.1 aBartlett, C., R. uhttp://aesa.oxfordjournals.org/content/95/3/302.abstract02386nas a2200289 4500008004100000245014000041210006900181300001000250490000700260520150600267653001301773653001701786653001401803653002701817653001701844653002601861653001901887653001101906653002801917653001401945653001301959100001801972700002101990700002002011700002002031856004502051 2001 eng d00aEvaluation of Relationships Within the Endemic Hawaiian Platynini (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Based on Molecular and Morphological Evidence0 aEvaluation of Relationships Within the Endemic Hawaiian Platynin a72-850 v213 aRelationships among 69 species of Hawaiian Platynini, a monophyletic beetle radiation, was investigated based on evidence from five data partitions, comprising mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences (cytochrome oxidase II, 624 bp; cytochrome b, 783 bp; 28S rDNA, 668 bp; wingless; 441 bp) and morphology (206 features of external and internal anatomy). Results from individual and combined data analyses generally support the monophyly of three putative divisions within Platynini in Hawaii: Division 0 (Colpocaccus species group), Division 1 (Blackburnia species group), and Division 2 (Metromenus species group). However, relationships within and among these three divisions differ from previous morphological hypotheses. An extensive series of sensitivity analyses was performed to assess robustness of recovered clades under a variety of weighted parsimony conditions. Sensitivity analyses support the monophyly of Divisions 0 and 1, but were equivocal for the monophyly of Division 2. A phylogeny based on combined data suggests at least four independent losses/reductions of platynine flight wings. The combined analysis provides corroboration for biogeographic hypotheses, including (1) colonization of Kauai by Hawaiian Platynini with subsequent dispersal and colonization along the island chain from Oahu to Maui Nui to Hawaii Island and (2) incongruent area relationships among Eastern Molokai, West Maui, and Haleakala for two species triplets.
10a28S rDNA10aBiogeography10aCarabidae10acombined data analysis10acytochrome b10acytochrome oxidase II10aground beetles10aHawaii10amolecular phylogenetics10aPlatynini10awingless1 aCryan, J., R.1 aLiebherr, J., K.1 aFetzner, J., W.1 aWhiting, M., F. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2001.0991