02108nas a2200193 4500008004100000245010000041210006900141300001000210490000600220520147100226653002601697653002101723653002101744100002001765700002001785700002301805700001901828856006701847 2011 eng d00aStatus of Fishes in Selected Adirondack Lakes: Eight Decades of Changing Assemblage Composition0 aStatus of Fishes in Selected Adirondack Lakes Eight Decades of C a21-390 v43 a

Twenty-six taxa of fish were present in eighteen lakes in the southwestern quadrant of the Adirondack Park,
Herkimer and Hamilton Counties, New York. Species richness in the lakes ranged from 1 to 18 species. Here we assess
the condition and composition of the fish assemblages in lakes and compare in-lake changes in species composition over
an 80-yr period. To examine assemblage condition we estimated population size of species in the lakes using
mark-and-recapture techniques. To examine change in composition we compared the assemblage structure of these lakes
to that present in two previous surveys. Populations of all but the rarest species comprised several size classes, indicating
successful recruitment for all common species in all lakes. Most lakes support a rich, viable assemblage, although all but
one includes, and many are dominated by, exotic species. Although the lakes studied are in one ecoregion and often in the
same subdrainage, species composition differed among lakes and composition and abundance differed within lakes over
time. Assessments of the fish assemblage composition in these lakes, when compared over time showed marked
differences. These differences might be the result of several factors, but the presence of exotic taxa and extirpation of
native fishes can explain gross changes in fish assemblage composition in these Adirondack lakes.

10aAdirondack Park lakes10afish assemblages10aSpecies richness1 aDaniels, R., A.1 aBombard, R., T.1 aSutherland, J., W.1 aBoylen, C., W. uhttp://benthamopen.com/contents/pdf/TOFISHSJ/TOFISHSJ-4-21.pdf01970nas a2200205 4500008004100000245005100041210004900092300001200141490000700153520141000160653002101570653001401591653001001605100002001615700001801635700002301653700002001676700001901696856004901715 2008 eng d00aFish Movement Among Lakes: Are Lakes Isolated?0 aFish Movement Among Lakes Are Lakes Isolated a577-5880 v153 a

The concept of a lake as an isolated unit is a central theme in research and management of freshwater systems. Support is based on direct observations of lake communities. Studies undertaken in the last several decades lend tacit support because the methods used in both research and management often do not question the underlying notion that lake communities are essentially isolated. In a study of fish assemblages in interconnected lakes, we noted movement of tagged fish among lakes. We also found that species introduced to one lake were later captured in neighboring lakes. We found that fish species in lake assemblages did not differ from those in inlet and outlet stream assemblages; although relative abundance varied, species richness and composition did not. This finding suggests that fish assemblages in lakes are not isolated. Rather, immigration and emigration from streams and other lakes occurs. Although few individuals migrated to new lakes, any movement can affect population structure (e.g., through recolonization, gene flow) and management goals (e.g., spread of disease). Consequently, we suggest that methods commonly used to assess fish assemblages in lakes and the concept of the lake as a management unit may need to be reconsidered. Rather than be treated as isolated populations, fishes in lake communities may be better treated as a watershed-wide metapopulation.

10afish assemblages10aisolation10alakes1 aDaniels, R., A.1 aMorse, R., S.1 aSutherland, J., W.1 aBombard, R., T.1 aBoylen, C., W. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1656/1092-6194-15.4.57703119nas a2200217 4500008004100000245006800041210006700109300001200176490000700188520246300195653002602658653002102684653001702705653001302722100002002735700002002755700002002775700002002795700002102815856006502836 2005 eng d00aChanges in Fish Assemblages in the Tidal Hudson River, New York0 aChanges in Fish Assemblages in the Tidal Hudson River New York a471-5030 v453 a

The main channel of the Hudson River is a tidal estuary from its mouth in New York Harbor to Troy, New York, 247 km upstream. It drains about 35,000 km2 and is an important navigational, commercial, and recreational system. Since the arrival of European settlers over 400 years ago, it has undergone numerous environmental changes. These changes have included channel maintenance by dredging, wholesale dumping of industrial and domestic wastes, scattered in-basin urbanization and shoreline development,
deforestation of the watershed and an increase in agriculture, and water removal for commercial, industrial, and agricultural needs. In addition, the biota of the river has supported commercial and recreational harvesting, exotic species have become established,
and habitats have become fragmented, replaced, changed in extent, or isolated. The tidal portion of the Hudson River is among the most-studied water bodies on Earth. We use data from surveys conducted in 1936, the 1970s, the 1980s, and the 1990s to examine
changes in fish assemblages and from other sources dating back to 1842. The surveys are synoptic but use a variety of gears and techniques and were conducted by different researchers with different study goals. The scale of our assessment is necessarily coarse. Over 200 species of fish are reported from the drainage, including freshwater and diadromous species, estuarine forms, certain life history stages of primarily marine species, and marine strays. The tidal Hudson River fish assemblages have responded to the environmental changes of the last century in several ways. Several important native species appear to be in decline (e.g., rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax and Atlantic tomcod Microgadus tomcod), others, once in decline, have rebounded (e.g., striped bass Morone saxatilis), and populations of some species seem stable (e.g., spottail shiner Notropis hudsonius). No native species is extirpated from the system, and only one, shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum, is listed as endangered. The recent establishment of the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha may be shifting the fish assemblage away from openwater fishes (e.g., Alosa) and toward species associated with vegetation (e.g., centrarchids). In general, the Hudson River has seen an increase in the number and importance of alien species and a change in dominant species.

10aenvironmental changes10afish assemblages10aHudson River10aNew York1 aDaniels, R., A.1 aLimburg, K., E.1 aSchmidt, R., E.1 aStrayer, D., L.1 aChambers, R., C. uhttp://www.caryinstitute.org/reprints/daniels_et_al_2005.pdf01755nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128300001200197490000800209520117400217653002101391653001301412653002501425653001501450100001801465700002001483856007001503 2004 eng d00aStatus of Fishes in New York: Increases, Declines and Homogenization of Watersheds0 aStatus of Fishes in New York Increases Declines and Homogenizati a104-1390 v1523 a

Fishes present in 19 watersheds in New York are inventoried. One hundred seventy-six taxa (171 species) reside in these watersheds. Eighteen taxa are extra-limital exotic fishes, that is, they are not native to any New York watershed. The remaining 158 taxa are native in at least one New York watershed, although transfer of species among watersheds within the state is, and has been, widespread. Sixteen species are diadromous or estuarine and eight of these species support land-locked populations, so 150 taxa are strictly freshwater and native. Watersheds differed markedly in richness and composition. Over 100 taxa are reported from five watersheds and seven have fewer than 75 taxa. Twelve species are now extirpated from all New York watersheds and 28 other species have disappeared from at least one of their historic watersheds. Fifty-seven native species are infrequently caught, are considered rare and are candidates for special consideration. Within the state, patterns of species distribution are complex and are affected by environmental differences among the watersheds, the presence of suitable dispersal routes and widespread introductions.

10afish assemblages10aNew York10aspecies distribution10awatersheds1 aCarlson, D.M.1 aDaniels, R., A. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2004)152[0104:SOFINY]2.0.CO;203106nas a2200241 4500008004100000245007900041210006900120300001400189490000800203520233000211653001302541653002102554653001102575653004002586653003102626653003202657100002002689700002002709700002202729700002402751700001902775856007002794 2002 eng d00aAn Index of Biological Integrity for Northern Mid-Atlantic Slope Drainages0 aIndex of Biological Integrity for Northern MidAtlantic Slope Dra a1044-10600 v1313 a

An index of biological integrity (IBI) was developed for streams in the Hudson, Delaware, and Susquehanna River drainages in the northeastern United States based on fish assemblage data from the Mohawk River drainage of New York. The original IBI, developed for streams in the U.S. Midwest, was modified to reflect the assemblage composition and structure present in Mid-Atlantic Slope drainages. We replaced several of the Midwestern IBI metrics and criteria scores because fishes common to the Midwest are absent from or poorly represented in the Northeast and because stream fish assemblages in the Northeast are less rich than those in the Midwest. For all replacement metrics we followed the ecology-based rationale used in the development of each of the metrics of the Midwestern IBI so that the basic theoretical underpinnings of the IBI remained unchanged. The validity of this modified IBI is demonstrated by examining the quality of streams in the Hudson, Delaware, and lower Susquehanna River basins. The relationships between the IBI and other indicators of environmental quality are examined using data on assemblages of fish and benthic macroinvertebrates and on chemical and physical stream characteristics obtained during 1993-2000 by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program in these three river basins. A principal components analysis (PCA) of chemical and physical variables from 27 sites resulted in an environmental quality gradient as the primary PCA axis (eigenvalue, 0.41). Principal components analysis site scores were significantly correlated with such benthic macroinvertebrate metrics as the percentage of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa (Spearman R = −0.66, P < 0.001). Index of biological integrity scores for sites in these three river basins were significantly correlated with this environmental quality gradient (Spearman R = −0.78, P = 0.0001). The northern Mid-Atlantic Slope IBI appears to be sensitive to environmental degradation in all three of the river basins addressed in this study. Adjustment of metric scoring criteria may be warranted, depending on composition of fish species in streams in the study area and on the relative effort used in the collection of fish assemblage data.

10aDelaware10afish assemblages10aHudson10aindex of biological integrity (IBI)10anortheastern United States10aSusquehanna River drainages1 aDaniels, R., A.1 aRiva-Murray, K.1 aHalliwell, D., B.1 aVana-Miller, D., L.1 aBilger, M., D. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1044:AIOBIF>2.0.CO;2