%0 Book Section %B Insights into the Michigan Basin Salt Deposits, Impact Structure, Youngest Basin Bedrock, Glacial Geomorphology, Dune Complexes and Coastal Bluff Stability %D 2013 %T Contrasting Terrains of the Lake Michigan and Saginaw Lobes of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in Southern Michigan; %A A. E. Kehew %A A. L. Kozlowski %A B. Bird %A Esch, J. M. %E Gillespie, R. %K geology %B Insights into the Michigan Basin Salt Deposits, Impact Structure, Youngest Basin Bedrock, Glacial Geomorphology, Dune Complexes and Coastal Bluff Stability %S Field Guide %I Geological Society of America %C Boulder, Colorado %P 15-36 %G eng %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2013.0031(03) %R 10.1130/2013.0031(03) %0 Journal Article %J Boreas %D 2013 %T On the Origin of Tunnel Valleys of the Saginaw Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet; Michigan, USA %A A. E. Kehew %A Ewald, S. K. %A Esch, J. M. %A A. L. Kozlowski %K geology %X

Tunnel valleys are common throughout the terrain of the Saginaw Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in southern Michigan. The set of valleys described in this paper is regularly spaced in a radial pattern behind the Kalamazoo Moraine, an ice-marginal position formed during retreat from the Last Glacial Maximum. These valleys are divided into proximal and distal groups lying north and south, respectively, of a major river valley that cross-cuts the tunnel valleys at right angles. Based on a series of rotasonic borings and core analysis, the proximal valleys are shallow, contain minimal sediment fill, and overlie fine-grained diamicton and glaciolacustrine sediment, whereas the distal valleys are deeply incised into the substrate and are partially filled with coarse sediment. The distal valleys terminate within a broad zone of high-relief, hummocky topography representing stagnation and collapse behind the Kalamazoo ice margin. The proximal valleys occur within a more subdued landscape located farther from the ice margin. Although some elements of existing genetic models are consistent with these valleys, none appears to be completely compatible with their stratigraphy and morphology. Initial incision of the valleys could have involved short-lived moderate- to high-discharge flows, followed by deposition during or after the events. The deep incision and thick, coarse sediment in distal valleys in the stagnant marginal zone probably involved supraglacial meltwater draining to the bed as the margin downwasted. Fining-upward eskers inset into the valleys were formed by flows of declining energy in small late-stage conduits.

%B Boreas %V 42 %P 442-462 %G eng %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2012.00295.x %R 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2012.00295.x %0 Journal Article %J Quaternary International %D 2012 %T Glacial landsystems and dynamics of the Saginaw Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, Michigan, USA %A A. E. Kehew %A Esch, J. M. %A A. L. Kozlowski %A Ewald, S. E. %K glacial geology %X

The surficial terrain of the Saginaw Lobe in southern Michigan is divided into 4 landsystems, numbered sequentially from southwest to northeast, containing related assemblages of sediments and landforms, two of which appear to have a genetic relationship with the bedrock units over which they lie. Landsystem 1 consists of the Sturgis Moraine, a terminal/recessional moraine, and an adjacent drumlin field. The moraine is a high-relief ridge with hummocky topography and ice-walled lake plains at its crest, and thick, coarse outwash fans on its distal margin. The drumlin field extends up-glacier from the Sturgis Moraine across the subcrop of the Mississippian Coldwater Shale to the subcrop of the overlying Marshall Sandstone. The low permeability of the shale may have increased basal pore pressures into a range in which deformation of basal sediment into drumlins occurred. Landsystem 2 overlies the subcrop of the Marshall Sandstone. Stagnation of the lobe behind a discontinuous moraine in this area is indicated by high relief, collapse topography, composed of kames, eskers, and ice-walled lake plains. A system of tunnel valleys terminates and merges in this landsystem with large outwash fans and plains sloping away from the margin. High basal drainage into the sandstone may have facilitated stagnation across a broad area to form this landsystem. Landsystem 3 may have also developed during stagnation of the lobe, but it differs from landsystem 2 by its more subdued relief. It contains a network of evenly spaced, southwest-trending open tunnel valleys that contain discontinuous esker segments. Landsystem 4 consists of till plains and low recessional moraines formed as the Saginaw Lobe retreated downslope into Saginaw Bay of the Lake Huron Basin. Tunnel valleys are absent in this area.

%B Quaternary International %V 260 %P 21-31 %G eng %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2011.07.021 %R 10.1016/j.quaint.2011.07.021 %0 Book Section %B Megaflooding on Earth and Mars %D 2009 %T Proglacial Megaflooding Along the Margins of the Laurentide Ice Sheet %A A. E. Kehew %A Lord, M. L. %A A. L. Kozlowski %A Fisher, T. G. %E Burr, M. %E Carling, P. A. %E Baker, V. R. %K geology %B Megaflooding on Earth and Mars %I Cambridge University Press %C Cambridge, England %P 104-127 %G eng %U https://books.google.com/books?id=fuC04-ZOs9EC&lpg=PA104&ots=3GUJR7O8G-&dq=Proglacial%20Megaflooding%20Along%20the%20Margins%20of%20the%20Laurentide%20Ice%20Sheet&lr&pg=PA104#v=onepage&q=Proglacial%20Megaflooding%20Along%20the%20Margins%20of%20the%20Laure %0 Book Section %B Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science %D 2007 %T Glacifluvial Landforms of Erosion %A A. E. Kehew %A Lord, M. L. %A A. L. Kozlowski %E Elias, S. A. %K geology %B Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science %I Elsevier %C Amsterdam, Netherlands %P 818-831 %G eng %0 Book Section %B Applied Quaternary Research in the Central Part of Glaciated Terrain %D 2007 %T Tunnel Channels of the Saginaw Lobe, Michigan, USA %A A. E. Kehew %A A. L. Kozlowski %E Johansson, P. %E Sarala, P. %K geology %B Applied Quaternary Research in the Central Part of Glaciated Terrain %S Special Paper %I Geological Survey of Finland %P 69-78 %G eng %U http://arkisto.gtk.fi/sp/sp46/sp46_pages_69_77.pdf