%0 Journal Article %J Minerals %D 2019 %T A Review of Boron-Bearing Minerals (Excluding Tourmaline) in the Adirondack Region of New York State %A Bailey, D. G. %A M. V. Lupulescu %A Darling, R. S. %A Singer, J. W. %A S. C. Chamberlain %K Adirondack Mountains %K boron minerals %K danburite %K datolite %K dumortierite %K grandidierite %K Grenville Province %K harkerite %K kornerupine %K prismatine %K serendibite %K sinhalite %K stillwellite-(Ce) %K vonsenite %K warwickite %X
Boron is a biologically important element, but its distribution in the natural environment and its behavior during many geological processes is not fully understood. In most metamorphic and igneous environments, boron is incorporated into minerals of the tourmaline supergroup. In high-grade metamorphic terranes like that of the Adirondack region of northern New York State, uncommon rock compositions combined with unusual and variable geologic conditions resulted in the formation of many additional boron-bearing minerals. This paper reviews the occurrences and geological settings of twelve relatively uncommon boron-bearing minerals in the southern Grenville Province of upstate New York and provides new chemical and Raman spectral data for seven of these minerals. The boron minerals range from relatively simple metal borates (e.g., vonsenite), to chemically complex borosilicates (e.g., prismatine), to a relatively rare borosilicate-carbonate (e.g., harkerite). Some are of primary igneous origin, while others are formed by a variety of prograde and retrograde metamorphic processes or by metasomatic/hydrothermal processes. Most of the boron minerals are formed within, or adjacent to, metasedimentary lithologies that surround the anorthositic massifs of the central Adirondacks. The metasedimentary rocks are thought to be the source of most of the boron, although additional boron isotope studies are needed to confirm this and to constrain the mechanisms of the formation of these unusual minerals.
%B Minerals %V 9 %P 644 %8 10/2019 %G eng %U https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/9/10/644 %N 10 %R 10.3390/min9100644 %0 Journal Article %J Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences %D 2017 %T Age and origin of the Cannon Point syenite, Essex County, New York: southernmost expression of Monteregian Hills magmatism? %A Bailey, D. G. %A M. V. Lupulescu %A J. R. Chiarenzelli %A Traylor, Jonathan P. %XTwo syenite sills intrude the local Paleozoic strata of eastern New York State and are exposed along the western shore of Lake Champlain. The sills are fine-grained, alkali feldspar syenites and quartz syenites, with phenocrysts of sanidine and albite. The two sills are compositionally distinct, with crossing rare earth element profiles and different incompatible element ratios, which eliminates the possibility of a simple petrogenetic relationship. Zircon extracted from the upper sill yields a U–Pb age of 131.1 ± 1.7 Ma, making the sills the youngest known igneous rocks in New York State. This age is similar to that of the earliest intrusions in the Monteregian Hills of Quebec, >100 km to the north. Sr and Nd radiogenic isotope ratios are also similar to those observed in some of the syenitic rocks of the eastern Monteregian Hills. The Cannon Point syenites have compositions typical of A-type, within-plate granitoids. They exhibit unusually high Ta and Nb concentrations, resulting in distinct trace element signatures that are similar to those of the silicic rocks of the Valles Caldera, a large, rift-related magmatic system. We suggest that the Cannon Point syenites were melts derived primarily by anatexis of old, primitive, lower crustal material in response to Mesozoic rifting and to the intrusion of mantle-derived magmas. The sills indicate that the effects of continental rifting were spatially and temporally extensive, resulting in the reactivation of basement faults in the Lake Champlain Valley hundreds of kilometers west of the active rift boundary, and crustal melting >50 Ma after the initiation of rifting.
%B Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences %V 54 %P 379-392 %G eng %U http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/cjes-2016-0144 %N 4 %! Can. J. Earth Sci. %R 10.1139/cjes-2016-0144 %0 Book Section %B Field Trip Guide, New York State Geological Association 89th Annual Meeting %D 2017 %T Kimberlites in the Cayuga Lake Region of Central New York: The Six Mile Creek, Williams Brook, and Taughannock Creek Dikes %A Bailey, D. G. %A M. V. Lupulescu %A J. R. Chiarenzelli %E Muller, O. H. %B Field Trip Guide, New York State Geological Association 89th Annual Meeting %I Alfred University %C Alfred, New York %P 159-189 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Lithos %D 2015 %T Spatial, Temporal, Mineralogical, and Compositional Variations in Mesozoic Kimberlitic Magmatism in New York State %A Bailey, D. G. %A M. V. Lupulescu %K Continental rifting %K Geochemistry %K Kimberlite %K Mesozoic magmatism %K Mineralogy %K New York %XMesozoic kimberlitic magmatism was geographically widespread across central New York State, and nearly 90 distinct intrusions have been discovered since the first “serpentinite body” was described over 175 years ago. Most of the intrusions are narrow (< 30 cm wide), near vertical, north–south oriented dikes, although three larger, irregular diatremes are also known. Previous studies assumed that all of the intrusions were genetically and temporally related, and often examined only a small sub-set of the intrusions. By combining modern samples with historic samples in the collections of the New York State Museum and Hamilton College, we were able to obtain detailed mineralogical and geochemical data on samples from 27 distinct intrusions.
The intrusions can be divided into four distinct groups on the basis of both mineralogy and geochemistry, and previously published radiometric age dates suggest that these four groups may also have distinct emplacement ages. Group A intrusions are exposed on the western margin of Cayuga Lake near Ithaca, and are characterized by olivine and phlogopite macrocrysts in a serpentine and phlogopite-rich matrix. These intrusions are relatively Ti-rich and contain abundant perovskite grains in the groundmass that yielded U–Pb crystallization ages of ~ 146 Ma (Heaman and Kjarsgaard, 2000). Group B intrusions are exposed over a relatively large area surrounding Ithaca, and are characterized by having a diverse macrocryst assemblage that includes pyrope, diopside, and spinel in addition to olivine and phlogopite. These intrusions are the most incompatible and REE enriched, and are chemically similar to the Kirkland Lake kimberlites in eastern Ontario. Intrusion ages for this group cluster between 125 and 110 Ma. Group C intrusions are all found within the city of Syracuse, and are similar to the Group B intrusions in both mineralogy and chemistry. They appear to be somewhat older, with intrusion ages of 135–125 Ma. Finally, Group D intrusions are geographically distant from the other three groups, being exposed in East Canada Creek nearly 100 km east of the Syracuse dikes. They are characterized mineralogically by abundant olivine and sparse, but large, phlogopite macrocrysts, and chemically by having the lowest incompatible element and rare earth element (REE) concentrations, and the highest 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Intrusion ages for these dikes are poorly constrained, but appear to be contemporaneous with, or slightly older than, the ~ 146 Ma Group A intrusions.
All of the kimberlitic intrusions in central New York State have initial Sr and Nd isotope ratios close to bulk earth. This fact, combined with the observed macrocryst assemblages and incompatible trace element ratios, indicates that these magmas were derived primarily from an asthenospheric, garnet lherzolite source. Episodic intrusion of small volume, volatile-rich kimberlitic magmas into the Paleozoic sedimentary platform rocks of central New York appears to have occurred along ancient crustal structures that were reactivated by the far field stresses related to the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean.
%B Lithos %V 212-215 %P 298-310 %G eng %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2014.11.022 %R 10.1016/j.lithos.2014.11.022 %0 Journal Article %J Rocks & Minerals %D 2009 %T Minerals of the Silurian Lockport Group Central and Western New York State %A Bailey, D. G. %A M. Hawkins %A Hiler, C. %K geology %B Rocks & Minerals %V 84 %P 326-337 %G eng %U http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/RMIN.84.4.326-337 %R 10.3200/RMIN.84.4.326-337