%0 Book Section %B Environmental History of the Hudson River: Human Uses that Changed the Ecology, Ecology that Changed Human Uses %D 2011 %T Hudson River Fisheries: Once Robust, Now Reduced %A R. A. Daniels %A Schmidt, R. E. %A Limburg, K. E. %E Henshaw, R. E. %K biology history %B Environmental History of the Hudson River: Human Uses that Changed the Ecology, Ecology that Changed Human Uses %I SUNY Press %C Albany, New York %P 27-40 %G eng %U https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZubuPfGNEwC&lpg=PR7&ots=TNOXIvZLTc&dq=%22Hudson%20River%20Fisheries%3A%20Once%20Robust%2C%20Now%20Reduced%22&pg=PA27#v=onepage&q=Daniels&f=false %0 Journal Article %J Fisheries %D 2011 %T Legacy of New York State's Watershed Surveys, 1926-1939 %A R. A. Daniels %K Aquatic resources %K Fisheries %K New York %K Watershed surveys %X

On 16 June 1926, A. L. Hazzard was casting flies into Dyke Creek, upper Genessee River, and reeled in two common shiners. That was the beginning of the watershed surveys of New York, which involved scores of individuals and stretched over 15 years. The state legislature authorized surveys of the aquatic life in streams and lakes with a $15,000 appropriation “to determine the most practical methods of increasing fish production.” Under the leadership and insight of Emmeline Moore, the surveys accomplished this mission by providing a basis for assessing the need and appropriateness of what previously had been a general stocking program. Groundwork for the surveys began under John Titcomb, and his writings and management activities influenced Dr. Moore. Her approach led to more than a refinement of stocking policy; she and her staff recognized the importance of assessing watersheds as systems and that policies affecting game fish required information on more than just the game fish. Staff conducted synoptic surveys of biota, assessed chemistry and hydrology, and paid particular attention to pollutants. The importance of vouchering specimens was recognized, and the surveys provided a steady stream of specimens that were used in several taxonomic studies. Finally, Titcomb and Moore recognized that in order to affect change in stocking policy, states needed well-trained biologists knowledgeable in all aspects of freshwater ecology. So, the surveys became the training school for a suite of biologists that dominated fisheries science in universities and in management agencies in the mid- and late 20th century. Perhaps the most important legacy of these surveys is not the reports, illustrations, specimens, or input from the well-trained fisheries scientists; it is a way of thinking about aquatic resources and the role of the manager in developing them

%B Fisheries %V 36 %P 179-189 %G eng %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2011.564504 %R 10.1080/03632415.2011.564504 %0 Journal Article %J The Open Fish Science Journal %D 2011 %T Status of Fishes in Selected Adirondack Lakes: Eight Decades of Changing Assemblage Composition %A R. A. Daniels %A Bombard, R. T. %A Sutherland, J. W. %A C. W. Boylen %K Adirondack Park lakes %K fish assemblages %K Species richness %X

Twenty-six taxa of fish were present in eighteen lakes in the southwestern quadrant of the Adirondack Park,
Herkimer and Hamilton Counties, New York. Species richness in the lakes ranged from 1 to 18 species. Here we assess
the condition and composition of the fish assemblages in lakes and compare in-lake changes in species composition over
an 80-yr period. To examine assemblage condition we estimated population size of species in the lakes using
mark-and-recapture techniques. To examine change in composition we compared the assemblage structure of these lakes
to that present in two previous surveys. Populations of all but the rarest species comprised several size classes, indicating
successful recruitment for all common species in all lakes. Most lakes support a rich, viable assemblage, although all but
one includes, and many are dominated by, exotic species. Although the lakes studied are in one ecoregion and often in the
same subdrainage, species composition differed among lakes and composition and abundance differed within lakes over
time. Assessments of the fish assemblage composition in these lakes, when compared over time showed marked
differences. These differences might be the result of several factors, but the presence of exotic taxa and extirpation of
native fishes can explain gross changes in fish assemblage composition in these Adirondack lakes.

%B The Open Fish Science Journal %V 4 %P 21-39 %G eng %U http://benthamopen.com/contents/pdf/TOFISHSJ/TOFISHSJ-4-21.pdf %0 Magazine Article %D 2008 %T The Beef is in the River %A R. A. Daniels %K biology history %B Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum %V 4 %P 20 %G eng %0 Magazine Article %D 2008 %T Fish and Other Collections Move Off-Site %A R. A. Daniels %K biology %B Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum %V 4 %P 4 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Northeastern Naturalist %D 2008 %T Fish Movement Among Lakes: Are Lakes Isolated? %A R. A. Daniels %A R. S. Morse %A Sutherland, J. W. %A Bombard, R. T. %A C. W. Boylen %K fish assemblages %K isolation %K lakes %X

The concept of a lake as an isolated unit is a central theme in research and management of freshwater systems. Support is based on direct observations of lake communities. Studies undertaken in the last several decades lend tacit support because the methods used in both research and management often do not question the underlying notion that lake communities are essentially isolated. In a study of fish assemblages in interconnected lakes, we noted movement of tagged fish among lakes. We also found that species introduced to one lake were later captured in neighboring lakes. We found that fish species in lake assemblages did not differ from those in inlet and outlet stream assemblages; although relative abundance varied, species richness and composition did not. This finding suggests that fish assemblages in lakes are not isolated. Rather, immigration and emigration from streams and other lakes occurs. Although few individuals migrated to new lakes, any movement can affect population structure (e.g., through recolonization, gene flow) and management goals (e.g., spread of disease). Consequently, we suggest that methods commonly used to assess fish assemblages in lakes and the concept of the lake as a management unit may need to be reconsidered. Rather than be treated as isolated populations, fishes in lake communities may be better treated as a watershed-wide metapopulation.

%B Northeastern Naturalist %V 15 %P 577-588 %G eng %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/1092-6194-15.4.577 %R 10.1656/1092-6194-15.4.577 %0 Journal Article %J Checklist %D 2006 %T Fish, Conewango Creek, Allegheny River Drainage, New York, USA %A R. A. Daniels %A R. S. Morse %A B. R. Weatherwax %K Allegheny River Drainage %K Conewango Creek %K Fish %K New York %X

Fishes of the Conewango Creek basin of the Allegheny River watershed were surveyed in 2004 and 2005. This basin is a part of the extreme northeastern portion of the vast Mississippi River drainage in North America and includes several species on the periphery of their range; many are rare in the state of New York, USA. One goal of the survey was to develop a species list for the system and assess the change in status of species by comparing recent catches to those of a synoptic survey conducted in 1937. We collected
representatives of 70 species and three hybrid taxa. Ten of these fishes have not been reported from the system previously. Prior to this survey, 69 species of fish were reported from the basin. We failed to collect representatives from nine of these species. We collected representatives from 16 families, with 26 species in Cyprinidae and 11 in Percidae, the two most speciose families.

%B Checklist %V 2 %P 14-19 %G eng %U http://www.biotaxa.org/cl/article/download/2.1.14/10286 %0 Journal Article %J Checklist %D 2006 %T Fish, Ichthyomyzon bdellium, Ichthyomyzon greeleyi, Noturus flavus, Moxostoma breviceps, Lythrurus umbratilis, Notropis buccatus, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Morone americana, Lepomis cyanellus, Ammocrypta pellucida: Distribution extensions %A R. A. Daniels %A Carlson, D. M. %A R. S. Morse %A B. R. Weatherwax %K Ammocrypta pellucida %K Distribution extensions %K Fish %K Ichthyomyzon bdellium %K Ichthyomyzon greeleyi %K Lepomis cyanellus %K Lythrurus umbratilis %K Misgurnus anguillicaudatus %K Morone americana %K Moxostoma breviceps %K Notropis buccatus %K Noturus flavus %X

Conewango Creek drains approximately 2,325 km2 in southwestern New York and northwestern Pennsylvania, U.S.A. It is part of the Allegheny River watershed, which drains into the Mississippi River drainage through the Ohio River. The first synoptic survey of the fishes of the basin occurred in 1937 (Greeley 1938). After this initial survey, workers from the state management agency (New
York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC)), colleges, environmental organizations and museums collected information on fish distribution episodically during the next seven decades. Carlson et al. (1999) compiled and updated this earlier information on the status of fishes and listed 69 species from the basin. In a survey conducted in 2004 and 2005, Daniels et al.
(2006) collected representatives of ten species not previously reported from the streams of the basin.

%B Checklist %V 2 %P 10-13 %G eng %U http://www.biotaxa.org/cl/article/download/2.1.10/10285 %0 Journal Article %J Guelph Ichthyology Reviews %D 2006 %T Wright on Fish %A R. A. Daniels %K Albert Hazen Wright %K fish distribution %K fish ecology %K history of science %X

Albert Hazen Wright (1879-1970) was a prominent herpetologist, but began his career as a biologist studying the relationship between fish distribution and habitat. His innovative study resulted in a thesis in 1906, but the results of the thesis work did not appear as a peer-reviewed publication. The edited manuscript and printing plates for a planned publication were discovered at the New York State Museum. Documents at the State Museum, NYS Archives and Cornell University Library revealed that the manuscript was accepted, reviewed by peers and prepared for publication. However, it was never published. The publication would have been a valuable one for the discipline because it is an early effort of the study of ecology of fishes.

%B Guelph Ichthyology Reviews %V 6 %P 1-9 %G eng %U http://www.criticalimprov.com/index.php/gir/article/view/59 %0 Journal Article %J American Fisheries Society Symposium %D 2005 %T Changes in Fish Assemblages in the Tidal Hudson River, New York %A R. A. Daniels %A Limburg, K. E. %A Schmidt, R. E. %A Strayer, D. L. %A Chambers, R. C. %K environmental changes %K fish assemblages %K Hudson River %K New York %X

The main channel of the Hudson River is a tidal estuary from its mouth in New York Harbor to Troy, New York, 247 km upstream. It drains about 35,000 km2 and is an important navigational, commercial, and recreational system. Since the arrival of European settlers over 400 years ago, it has undergone numerous environmental changes. These changes have included channel maintenance by dredging, wholesale dumping of industrial and domestic wastes, scattered in-basin urbanization and shoreline development,
deforestation of the watershed and an increase in agriculture, and water removal for commercial, industrial, and agricultural needs. In addition, the biota of the river has supported commercial and recreational harvesting, exotic species have become established,
and habitats have become fragmented, replaced, changed in extent, or isolated. The tidal portion of the Hudson River is among the most-studied water bodies on Earth. We use data from surveys conducted in 1936, the 1970s, the 1980s, and the 1990s to examine
changes in fish assemblages and from other sources dating back to 1842. The surveys are synoptic but use a variety of gears and techniques and were conducted by different researchers with different study goals. The scale of our assessment is necessarily coarse. Over 200 species of fish are reported from the drainage, including freshwater and diadromous species, estuarine forms, certain life history stages of primarily marine species, and marine strays. The tidal Hudson River fish assemblages have responded to the environmental changes of the last century in several ways. Several important native species appear to be in decline (e.g., rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax and Atlantic tomcod Microgadus tomcod), others, once in decline, have rebounded (e.g., striped bass Morone saxatilis), and populations of some species seem stable (e.g., spottail shiner Notropis hudsonius). No native species is extirpated from the system, and only one, shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum, is listed as endangered. The recent establishment of the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha may be shifting the fish assemblage away from openwater fishes (e.g., Alosa) and toward species associated with vegetation (e.g., centrarchids). In general, the Hudson River has seen an increase in the number and importance of alien species and a change in dominant species.

%B American Fisheries Society Symposium %V 45 %P 471-503 %G eng %U http://www.caryinstitute.org/reprints/daniels_et_al_2005.pdf %0 Magazine Article %D 2005 %T Discovery Now %A R. A. Daniels %K biology %B Members Update %V 15 %P 4 %G eng %0 Book Section %B The Encyclopedia of New York State %D 2005 %T Fish %A R. A. Daniels %E Eisenstadt, P. %E L. E-. Moss %K biology %B The Encyclopedia of New York State %I Syracuse University Press %C Syracuse, NY %P 567-568 %G eng %0 Magazine Article %D 2005 %T One Fish, Two Fish, ... %A R. A. Daniels %K biology %B Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum %V 1 %P 10-12 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Quarterly Review of Biology %D 2005 %T Review of "Disconnected Rivers: Linking Rivers to Landscapes" %A R. A. Daniels %K biology %B Quarterly Review of Biology %V 80 %P 492-493 %G eng %0 Web Page %D 2004 %T Decapods of Inland Waters %A R. A. Daniels %K biology %B New York State Biodiversity Clearinghouse http://www.nybiodiversity.org/summaries/decapods/index.html %G eng %0 Web Page %D 2004 %T Freshwater and Estuarine Fish %A R. A. Daniels %K biology %B New York State Biodiversity Clearinghouse http://www.nybiodiversity.org/summaries/fish/index.html %G eng %U http://www.nybiodiversity.org/summaries/fish/index.html %0 Journal Article %J Copeia %D 2003 %T Review of "Inland Fishes of Massachusetts", by K. E. Hartell, D. B. Halliwell, and A. E. Launer %A R. A. Daniels %K biology %B Copeia %V 2003 %P 678-680 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Transactions of the American Fisheries Society %D 2002 %T An Index of Biological Integrity for Northern Mid-Atlantic Slope Drainages %A R. A. Daniels %A Riva-Murray, K. %A Halliwell, D. B. %A Vana-Miller, D. L. %A Bilger, M. D. %K Delaware %K fish assemblages %K Hudson %K index of biological integrity (IBI) %K northeastern United States %K Susquehanna River drainages %X

An index of biological integrity (IBI) was developed for streams in the Hudson, Delaware, and Susquehanna River drainages in the northeastern United States based on fish assemblage data from the Mohawk River drainage of New York. The original IBI, developed for streams in the U.S. Midwest, was modified to reflect the assemblage composition and structure present in Mid-Atlantic Slope drainages. We replaced several of the Midwestern IBI metrics and criteria scores because fishes common to the Midwest are absent from or poorly represented in the Northeast and because stream fish assemblages in the Northeast are less rich than those in the Midwest. For all replacement metrics we followed the ecology-based rationale used in the development of each of the metrics of the Midwestern IBI so that the basic theoretical underpinnings of the IBI remained unchanged. The validity of this modified IBI is demonstrated by examining the quality of streams in the Hudson, Delaware, and lower Susquehanna River basins. The relationships between the IBI and other indicators of environmental quality are examined using data on assemblages of fish and benthic macroinvertebrates and on chemical and physical stream characteristics obtained during 1993-2000 by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program in these three river basins. A principal components analysis (PCA) of chemical and physical variables from 27 sites resulted in an environmental quality gradient as the primary PCA axis (eigenvalue, 0.41). Principal components analysis site scores were significantly correlated with such benthic macroinvertebrate metrics as the percentage of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa (Spearman R = −0.66, P < 0.001). Index of biological integrity scores for sites in these three river basins were significantly correlated with this environmental quality gradient (Spearman R = −0.78, P = 0.0001). The northern Mid-Atlantic Slope IBI appears to be sensitive to environmental degradation in all three of the river basins addressed in this study. Adjustment of metric scoring criteria may be warranted, depending on composition of fish species in streams in the study area and on the relative effort used in the collection of fish assemblage data.

%B Transactions of the American Fisheries Society %V 131 %P 1044-1060 %G eng %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1044:AIOBIF>2.0.CO;2 %R 10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1044:AIOBIF>2.0.CO;2 %0 Journal Article %J Northeast Naturalist %D 2001 %T Orconectes neglectus is Established in the Northeast %A R. A. Daniels %A Murphy, D.C. %A Klemens, M.W. %K crayfish %K Hudson River %K introduced species %K Orconectes neglectus %K southeastern New York %X

Orconectes neglectus, a crayfish native to the Mississippi River drainage in Arkansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, and Kansas, is reported from streams in southeastern New York for the first time. This species is the newest component of a crayfish fauna that is increasingly dominated by introduced species. Individuals of this species were collected in 1997–1999. First and second form males and females ranged in size from 7.5–40.9 mm carapace length. Ovigerous females were collected in May 1999. These data demonstrate that this species is established and reproducing in clear, rubble-bottom streams in southeastern New York. O. neglectus is readily identifiable by its distinctive coloration and color pattern; other characteristics of the rostrum, mandible, gonopod and annulus ventralis also are useful in distinguishing it from other species inhabiting northeastern North America. Currently, O. neglectus is known in the northeastern United States only from tributaries of the upper Croton River of the lower Hudson River drainage. We assume that it was introduced into the area accidentally.

%B Northeast Naturalist %V 8 %P 93-100 %G eng %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/1092-6194(2001)008[0093:ONIEIT]2.0.CO;2 %R 10.1656/1092-6194(2001)008[0093:ONIEIT]2.0.CO;2 %0 Journal Article %J Environmental Biology of Fishes %D 2001 %T Untested Assumptions: The Role of Canals in the Dispersal of Sea Lamprey, Alewife, and Other Fishes in the eastern United States %A R. A. Daniels %K aqueducts %K canals %K Erie Canal %K exotic species %K fish dispersal %K fish introductions %K irrigation canals %K navigation %K rainbow smelt %K white perch %X

Canals provide aquatic organisms with an excellent thoroughfare to disperse, expand their range, and gain access to new drainages. The evidence used to support this contention is vast and dates to at least the early nineteenth century. In most cases however, the evidence used to defend the contention is not a direct observation of fish dispersing through a canal. Instead, the transfer is generally inferred after the new species is observed in a new watershed, one connected by a canal to the watershed in which the fish was already established. Often, these inferences are developed without considering aspects of the life history and behavior of the fishes involved, or the structure of the canal. I explore the historic transfer of sea lamprey, alewife and other fishes from one watershed to another in the inland waters of eastern North America, primarily New York. New York is an ideal area for examining this phenomenon as a canal has connected each of the five major drainages in the state during part of the previous 200 years. These twelve major canals, and the Welland Canal that connects lakes Ontario and Erie, bypassed major obstructions and created a continuous water route among drainages. Also, many of the 167 freshwater and diadromous fishes of New York exhibited distribution patterns historically limited to a watershed or set of neighboring watersheds. When several important cases are re-examined, dispersal through a canal is not the most parsimonious explanation for the presence of the species in a new drainage. To argue fish dispersal through navigation canals, researchers must consider the natural history and ecological requirements of the species, the characteristics and environmental conditions of the canal, and alternative explanations. The mere presence of a canal does not demonstrate that fish used the canal for dispersal.

%B Environmental Biology of Fishes %V 60 %P 309-329 %G eng %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011032907484 %R 10.1023/A:1011032907484 %0 Journal Article %J Northeastern Naturalist %D 1998 %T Changes in the Distribution of Stream-Dwelling Crayfishes in the Schoharie Creek System, Eastern New York State. %A R. A. Daniels %K crayfish %K expansion %K habitat %K survey %X

Changes in the distribution of crayfishes in the Schoharie Creek drainage, eastern New York State, are assessed, based on historical records and surveys conducted in 1982-83 and 1996. The native crayfish assemblage in this region probably consisted of only three species: Cambarus bartonii, C. robustus, and Orconectes propinquus. In 1982-83, six crayfishes (C bartonii, C. robustus, O. immunis, O. obscurus, O. propinquus, and O. rusticus) were collected in the drainage. In 1996, all the crayfishes except O. obscurus were found again, and an additional species (O. virilis) was captured at one site. Between the two survey periods, O. rusticus markedly expanded its range, while the range of O. propinquus decreased and the relative abundance of other species declined. The habitat use of each species is examined.

%B Northeastern Naturalist %V 5 %P 231-248 %G eng %U http://doi.org/10.2307/3858623 %R 10.2307/3858623 %0 Journal Article %J Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters %D 1998 %T Fish Scale Evidence for Rapid Post Glacial Recolonization of an Atlantic Coastal Pond %A R. A. Daniels %A D. Peteet %K Atlantic coastal refugia %K Catostomus commersoni %K fish scales %K Perca flavescens %K Phoxininae %X

Fish scales from the sediment of Allamuchy Pond, New Jersey, USA, indicate that fishes were present in the pond within 400 years of the time of the first deposition of organic material, at ≈ 12, 600 years BP. The earliest of the scales, from a white sucker, Catostomus commersoni, appears in sediment dated 12,260±220 years BP. Presence of scales in sediment deposited before 10,000 years BP indicates that Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, sunfish, Lepomis sp., and yellow perch, Perca flavescens, were also early inhabitants of the pond. The timing of the arrival of each of these fishes suggests that they migrated out from Atlantic coastal refugia. A minnow scale, referred to Phoxininae, was also retrieved; it could not be matched to any cyprinid currently found in northeastern North America. The species present historically in this pond are from five families found currently in ponds throughout the North-east and suggest that the lentic palaeo-environment was similar to present midelevation or high-latitude lentic systems.

%B Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters %V 7 %P 467-476 %G eng %U http://www.jstor.org/stable/2997716 %R 10.2307/2997716 %0 Book %B New York State Museum Bulletin %D 1996 %T Guide to the Identification of Scales of Fishes of Northeastern North America %A R. A. Daniels %K biology %B New York State Museum Bulletin %I The University of the State of New York %C Albany, New York %G eng %U http://purl.nysed.gov/nysl/38947606 %0 Book Section %B Our Living Resources: A Report to the Nation on the Distribution, Abundance, and Health of U.S. Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems %D 1995 %T Nearshore Fish Assemblage of the Tidal Hudson River %A R. A. Daniels %E LaRoe, E. T. %E Farris, G. S. %E Puckett, C. E. %E Doran, D. P. %E Mac, M. J. %K biology %B Our Living Resources: A Report to the Nation on the Distribution, Abundance, and Health of U.S. Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems %I U.S. Department of the Interior %C Washington, D.C. %P 260-263 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Transactions of the American Fisheries Society %D 1995 %T Review of: R. E. Jenkins and N. M. Burkhead. "Freshwater Fishes of Virginia" %A R. A. Daniels %K biology %B Transactions of the American Fisheries Society %V 124 %P 283-284 %G eng %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659-124.2.283 %R 10.1577/1548-8659-124.2.283 %0 Journal Article %J Ecology of Freshwater Fish %D 1994 %T Feeding Ecology of Redside Dace, Clinostomus elongatus %A R. A. Daniels %A Wisniewski, S. J. %K allochthonous %K Cyprinidae %K Diptera %K Empididae %K feeding ecology %K New York %X

Abstract– Redside dace, Clinostomus elongatus (Kirtland), from two populations in New York, USA, consumed adult Diptera; over 85% of the prey taken between April and November was in this order. Adult Hilara spp. (Empididae) were the dipterans consumed most frequently; individuals of this genus represented 70% and 60% of the items consumed by fishes from populations in Allcgheny and Hudson River drainages, respectively. Over 98% of the prey consumed by redside dace was in ten insect orders. Adult and larval chironomids and adult trichopterans were the next most frequently consumed prey. Adult chironomids made up 9% of the diet, by number, in both populations. Adult trichopterans accounted for 2–3% of the items taken. Adult empidids were selected by individuals in both populations. The dominance of flying insects in the diet of redside dace is related to their foraging behavior. These data show that adjacent terrestrial environments may be important to some stream-dwelling organisms.

%B Ecology of Freshwater Fish %V 3 %P 176-183 %G eng %U http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0633.1994.tb00020.x/abstract %R 10.1111/j.1600-0633.1994.tb00020.x %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Freshwater Ecology %D 1993 %T Habitat of the Eastern Sand Darter, Ammocrypta pellucida %A R. A. Daniels %K Eastern sand darter %K habitat change %K physical habitat variables %X

Eastern sand darter were found exclusively associated with sand substrates in the field and in 90% of observations made on individuals in an artificial stream under controlled conditions. In the study stream, the Mettawee River, other physical habitat variables, such as, water velocity, depth or distance from bank, had no detectable effect on distribution or substrate use. In artificial streams, neither water velocity nor depth affected substrate use. No diel changes in substrate use were noted in laboratory experiments. Distribution of eastern sand darter was not associated with the distribution of other fishes present in study stream. Few temperate stream fishes are as strongly associated with a particular habitat variable as is Ammocrypta pellucida which is important to note when developing management strategies. The number of streams in which this species occurs has declined during the last half century. These declines may reflect changes in habitat.

%B Journal of Freshwater Ecology %V 8 %P 287-295 %G eng %U http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02705060.1993.9664868 %R 10.1080/02705060.1993.9664868 %0 Journal Article %J Copea %D 1989 %T Significance of Burying in Ammocrypta pellucida %A R. A. Daniels %K biology %X
The burying behavior observed in all darters of the genus Ammocrypta has been described as a technique to: 1) avoid predators; 2) enhance prey-capturing abilities; or 3) conserve energy. I tested these three hypotheses experimentally with specimens of Ammocrypta pellucida held in an artificial stream system. When burying themselves, individual A. pellucida consistently plunged headfirst and completely covered themselves with sand. Tests showed that this species did not bury itself to increase its ability to capture prey; nor did the proximity of predators consistently elicit the burying response. The hypothesis of energy conservation is not rejected, but may be incomplete. I suggest that this darter plunges to maintain its position on the relatively homogeneous sand beds on which it lives. Although the behavior is exhibited at any time and during any season, it is probably of high survival value only during periods of extremely high or low flow.
%B Copea %V 1989 %P 29-34 %G eng %U http://www.jstor.org/stable/1445601 %R 10.2307/1445601 %0 Journal Article %J Environmental Biology of Fishes %D 1987 %T Comparative Life Histories and Microhabitat Use in Three Sympatric Sculpins (Cottidae:Cottus) in Northeastern California %A R. A. Daniels %K Cottus asperrimus %K Cottus klamathensis %K Cottus pitensis %K Fecundity %K Growth %K macrops %K Microhabitat %K Reproduction %X

Life histories of three sculpins endemic to the Pit River system, northeastern California, are detailed.Cottus pitensis is widely distributed throughout the drainage. This species is typically found in rapidly flowing, shallow water on coarse substrate. It grows to a large size, >100 mm, and lives to 5 years. Spawning occurs annually, in early spring. Fecundity is relatively low, <320 oocytes.Cottus asperrimus is restricted to a large population in Fall River and smaller concentrations in Hat Creek and Pit River. It is a relatively small fish, <80 mm, and lives to 5 years. It occurs in deep, slow-moving, often spring-fed streams, typically on fine substrates. Spawning lasts from autumn to early spring. Males establish nests on hard substrates and guard several clutches of eggs. Fecundity ranges from 140–580 oocytes.Cottus klamathensis macrops is relatively rare in the drainage. The largest concentration is in the Hat Creek system, smaller populations exist in Fall River and Pit River. This sculpin is found on coarse substrate, often where aquatic vegetation is abundant. It is typically found in slow, relatively shallow water. It grows to >100mm and lives to 5 years. Males guard eggs during the short spawning season beginning in late winter. Fecundity in this species reaches a maximum of 650 oocytes. Life history strategies vary within the genus, yet the life histories of these sculpins are more similar to each other than they are to many of their congeners. This within-group similarity may have resulted from exposure of all three species to similar environmental pressures. This is predicted by life-history theory.

%B Environmental Biology of Fishes %V 19 %P 93-110 %G eng %U http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00001880 %R 10.1007/BF00001880 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Biogeography %D 1987 %T Distribution and Ecology of Fishes of the Antarctic Peninsula %A R. A. Daniels %A Lipps, J. E. %K biology %X
Fishes were collected from twenty-two sites off the Antarctic Peninsula from 62⚬ S to 69⚬ S latitude in 1975. Specimens of thirthy-three species representing seven families were taken. Species associations change with latitude, depth, season and substrate. The Peninsula does appear to be a zone of range overlap between the Patagonian fauna and that of the Antarctic continent. Of the thirty-three species collected, approximately one fourth represent range extensions or are newly described or previously undescribed. Based on the information reported here, and since fishes have been collected from relatively few sites, the taxonomy of many fish groups is poorly known, and habitat preferences of most fishes are unknow, we suggest that division of the Antarctic into various zoogeographic zones based on fish is not yet possible.
%B Journal of Biogeography %V 9 %P 1-9 %G eng %U http://www.jstor.org/stable/2844726 %R 10.2307/2844726 %0 Journal Article %J Copea %D 1984 %T Geographic Variation and a Taxonomic Reapprisal of the Mabled Scalpin %A R. A. Daniels %A P. B. Moyle %K biology %X
Geographic variation of 23 mensural and meristic characteristics is examined for populations of Cottus klamathensis from throughout its range. Three geographically isolated populations can be separated by traditional taxonomic techniques and are found to be morphologically different by all statistical tests used. We give new status to the Pit R. form and describe the lower Klamath R. drainage form as a new subspecies.
%B Copea %V 1984 %P 949-959 %G eng %U http://www.jstor.org/stable/1445339 %R 10.2307/1445339 %0 Journal Article %J Marine Ecology Progress Series %D 1983 %T Demographic Characteristics of an Antarctic Plunderfish, Harpagifer bispinis antarcticus Nybelin %A R. A. Daniels %K biology %B Marine Ecology Progress Series %V 13 %P 181-187 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Fishery Bulletin %D 1983 %T Life History of the Splittail (Cyprinidae: Pogonichthys macrolepidotus) in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary %A R. A. Daniels %A D. P. Molloy %K biology %B Fishery Bulletin %V 81 %P 647-654 %G eng %U http://fishbull.noaa.gov/81-3/daniels.pdf %0 Journal Article %J Copea %D 1981 %T Cryotheria peninsulae, A New Genus and Species of Ntothenoiid Fish from the Antartic Peninsula %A R. A. Daniels %K biology %X
Cryothenia peninsulae, gen. et sp. nov., is described from 20 specimens taken off the Antarctic Peninsula. Diagnostic characteristics include: two lateral lines, pit-like pores associated with the cephalic lateral lines, no tubular lateral line scales, <26 short, non-dentigerous gill rakers and a probable pelagic mode of existence. C. peninsulae is probably a late autumn-early winter spawner and a specialized feeder.
%B Copea %V 1981 %P 558-562 %G eng %U http://www.jstor.org/stable/1444559 %R 10.2307/1444559 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Biogeography %D 1981 %T Distribution and Ecology of Fishes of the Antarctic Peninsula %A R. A. Daniels %A Lipps, J. H. %K biology %X
Fishes were collected from twenty-two sites off the Antarctic Peninsula from 62⚬ S to 69⚬ S latitude in 1975. Specimens of thirthy-three species representing seven families were taken. Species associations change with latitude, depth, season and substrate. The Peninsula does appear to be a zone of range overlap between the Patagonian fauna and that of the Antarctic continent. Of the thirty-three species collected, approximately one fourth represent range extensions or are newly described or previously undescribed. Based on the information reported here, and since fishes have been collected from relatively few sites, the taxonomy of many fish groups is poorly known, and habitat preferences of most fishes are unknow, we suggest that division of the Antarctic into various zoogeographic zones based on fish is not yet possible.
%B Journal of Biogeography %P 1-9 %G eng %U http://www.jstor.org/stable/2844726 %R 10.2307/2844726