Surficial Geology of the West Ninemile Point 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Cayuga County, New York - Bird, B.; A. L. Kozlowski (Map and Chart, 2016)

Palynology, dacryoconarids and the lower Eifelian (Middle Devonian) Basal Chotec Event: case studies from the Prague and Appalachian basins - Brocke, R.; Fatka, O.; Lindemann, R. H.; Schindler, E.; C. A. Ver Straeten (Devonian Climate, Sea Level and Evolutionary Events, 2016)
During recent studies of the Basal Choteč Event (BCE) at its type locality (Na Škrábku Quarry at Choteč Village, Prague Basin of the Barrandian area, Czech Republic) and selected sections of time-equivalent strata in the Appalachian Basin (USA), palynomorphs and dacryoconarids have proven responsive to changing environmental conditions. To date, there have been no detailed reports of dacryoconarids from the Appalachian Basin (AB) and none of palynomorphs from Bohemia or elsewhere. Palynomorphs of the Barrandian area comprise a more or less monospecific assemblage of prasinophycean algae interpreted here to represent an ecological epibole. Mazuelloids and scolecodonts are also present, whereas acritarchs, spores and chitinozoans are accessory components. Prasinophytes also predominate in coeval strata of the Appalachian Basin’s northern region, whereas a chitinozoan species and morphotypes possibly assignable to fungi abound in the central region. Scolecodonts and acritarchs are regionally variable throughout the interval. The former are rare in the central region of the basin but are ubiquitous and sometimes abundant in the northern region. Dacryoconarids of the Appalachian Basin are also regionally variable. The dacryoconarid fauna of the northern region, however, descended from a previous Emsian fauna that diversified during the BCE and subsequently functioned as the foundation of the upper Eifelian faunas, while dacryoconarids of the central region represent an incursion epibole of Old World forms that entered the basin at the onset of the event interval and became extinct at its close. Among the dacryoconarids there are key taxa that serve as excellent biostratigraphic markers to identify the BCE in the Appalachian Basin. In both the Prague and Appalachian basins, the BCE occurs near the maximum transgression of the Devonian Ic sequence. Additional faunal changes are found in the Appalachian Basin leading up to the main body of the event.
Keywords: Appalachian Basin; Basal Choteč Event; Biostratigraphy; Devonian

Atlas of Inland Fishes of New York - Carlson, D. M.; R. A. Daniels; J. J Wright (New York State Museum Record, 2016)

Collector's Guide to the Black Tourmaline of Pierrepont, New York - S. C. Chamberlain; Robinson, G. W.; Walter, M. R.; J. R. Chiarenzelli; M. V. Lupulescu; Bailey, D. G. (Schiffer Publishing, Ltd., 2016)

Bedrock Geology of the Witherbee Quadrangle, Essex County, New York - J. R. Chiarenzelli; M. V. Lupulescu; Grohn, L.; de Santana do Nascimento; Walton, M. (Map and Chart Series 93, 2016)

Data Recovery Plan for the O’Donnell Site, Route 376 at Robinson Lane, Town of East Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York - H. Clark (New York State Museum, 2016)

Peptide Sequences from the First Castoroides ohioensis Skull and the Utility of Old Museum Collections for Palaeoproteomics - Cleland, Timothy P.; Schroeter, Elena R.; R. S. Feranec; Vashishth, Deepak (Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2016)
Vertebrate fossils have been collected for hundreds of years and are stored in museum collections around the world. These remains provide a readily available resource to search for preserved proteins; however, the vast majority of palaeoproteomic studies have focused on relatively recently collected bones with a well-known handling history. Here, we characterize proteins from the nasal turbinates of the first Castoroides ohioensis skull ever discovered. Collected in 1845, this is the oldest museum-curated specimen characterized using palaeoproteomic tools. Our mass spectrometry analysis detected many collagen I peptides, a peptide from haemoglobin beta, and in vivo and diagenetic post-translational modifications. Additionally, the identified collagen I sequences provide enough resolution to place C. ohioensis within Rodentia. This study illustrates the utility of archived museum specimens for both the recovery of preserved proteins and phylogenetic analyses.

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN X731.27.121, Bruckner Access and Connectivity Improvements, New York City, Baychester & Pelham Bay Park, Bronx County, New York - B. R. Dale (New York State Museum, 2016)

St. Lawrence Iroquoians and Pan-Iroquoian Social Network Analysis - Dermarker, S.; Birch, Jennifer; Shafie, Termeh; J. P. Hart; Williamson, Ronald F. (Ontario Archaeology, 2016)
St. Lawrence Iroquoians have long been seen being as culturally separate from other Iroquoian groups, a position supported by their disappearance in the mid-sixteenth century. In this paper, Social Network Analysis of Iroquoian ceramic collar motifs and two characteristic St. Lawrence ceramic types repositions this group, most fundamentally the Jefferson County Iroquoians, as a central and integral constituent of a highly fluid pan-Iroquoian ceramic social signalling system that, we argue, reflects changing socio-political relationships. Specifically, we suggest that the strong social ties of the late fifteenth century may be reflected in subsequent distinct movements and integrations of St. Lawrence Iroquoian peoples with Ancestral Wendat and Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) communities.

Incorporating Archaeological Resources in Landscape-Level Planning and Management - Doelle, William H.; Barker, Pat; Cushman, David; Heilen, Michael; Herhahn, Cynthia; C. B. Rieth (Advances in Archaeological Practice, 2016)
The increasing importance of landscape-scale research and preservation goals within the archaeological profession coincides with expanded threats to the archaeological record through massive energy exploration and infrastructure projects and through the cumulative effects of smaller-scale development. It is further stimulated by the recognition that conservation strategies that span multiple resource classes and disciplines are best formulated at multiple and larger spatial scales. These are key drivers behind efforts to improve the ways that archaeological resources are considered in the context of development-related planning and implementation, including mitigation measures. In a prominent example, recent department-level direction from the Secretary of the Interior calls specifically for landscape-level planning as a critical component of responses to both large-scale development and climate change. This article reviews three current approaches to landscape-level planning in archaeology and calls for increased commitment to advancing their development and effectiveness.

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2805.67.101, Replacement of Culvert CIN 250055, NYS Route 10, Town of Canajoharie, Montgomery County, New York - Dubuque, J. (New York State Museum, 2016)

Stable Isotopes Show Resource Partitioning Among the Early Late Miocene Herbivore Community at Rudabánya II: Paleoenvironmental implications for the hominoid, Rudapithecus hungaricus - Eastham, L.C.; R. S. Feranec; Begun, D.R. (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2016)
Examining how species use and partition resources within an environment can lead to a better understanding of community assembly and diversity. The rich early Late Miocene (early Vallesian) deposits at Rudabánya II (R. II) in northern central Hungary preserve an abundance of forest dwelling taxa, including the hominoid Rudapithecus hungaricus. Here we use the carbon and oxygen stable isotope compositions of tooth enamel carbonate from 10 genera of medium to large-bodied mammals to evaluate resource use and partitioning among the herbivore community, and to reconstruct the paleoenvironment of Rudapithecus. The range of stable carbon and oxygen isotope values (δ13CE and δ18OE) displayed by the R. II fauna indicates a variable forest environment, which included both open and closed canopy habitats. The relatively low δ13CE and δ18OE values found in all sampled taxa are consistent with high levels of precipitation and humidity. Significant differences in stable isotope values were observed among the sampled fauna, supporting the interpretation of resource specialization and partitioning. Higher δ13CE values found in Aceratherium incisivum (Rhinocerotidae), Lucentia aff. pierensis (Cervidae), Hippotherium intrans (Equidae), Tetralophodon longirostris (Gomphotheriidae), Propotamochoerus palaeochoerus and Parachleuastochoerus kretzoii (Suidae) suggest foraging in more open canopy habitats, while lower δ13CE values found in Miotragocerus sp. (Bovidae), Dorcatherium naui (Tragulidae), and Micromeryx flourensianus (Moschidae) imply a preference for more densely canopied habitats. Several of the sampled taxa yielded relatively higher δ18OE and δ13CE values indicative of fruit consumption, including the small ruminants, cervid, and bovid. The analyzed isotope values reflect a moderate degree of dietary niche overlap between taxa. An abundance of plant resources likely allowed for the coexistence of this diverse community of predominantly browsing herbivores. Within the gradient of more open to closed canopy forest, it is likely that Rudapithecus occupied dense closed canopy habitats where access to fruit was relatively continuous. The progressive fragmentation and replacement of humid forests by more open and seasonal woodlands during the late Vallesian would have had a significant influence on the extinction of this fossil ape.

Are Hypsodonty and Occlusal Enamel Complexity Evolutionarily Correlated in Ungulates? - Famoso, N. A.; Davis, E. B.; R. S. Feranec; Hopkins, S. S. B.; Price, S. A. (Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2016)
The spread of grasslands and cooling climate in the Miocene contributed to an increasingly abrasive diet for ungulates. This increase in abrasiveness is proposed to select for both hypsodonty and increasing complexity of occlusal enamel bands. If these traits evolved in response to strong selection to resist tooth wear while feeding in grassland habitats, we might expect them to have evolved in a correlated fashion. If, on the other hand, there was a developmental or physiological constraint, or if selection was not strong on total enamel production, we would expect species to have evolved one or the other of these traits at a time, producing an uncorrelated, or even inversely correlated, pattern of trait evolution. To test these hypotheses, we examined the Occlusal Enamel Index (OEI) and Hypsodonty Index (HI) of 773 ungulate teeth. We tested the dependence of OEI on HI for the orders Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla using phylogenetic generalized least squares regression (PGLS). The two traits are not significantly correlated in the PGLS, for Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla. Despite their physical proximity, close functional utility, and conventional correlation, our results reject the hypothesis that HI and OEI are evolutionarily linked in these lineages, suggesting that selection to resist tooth wear was not so strong as to drive the overall evolutionary trajectory of both these traits at the same time.
Keywords: Artiodactyla; Equini; Hipparionini; hypsodonty; Occlusal enamel complexity; Phylogenetic generalized least squares regression

Implications of a Bayesian radiocarbon calibration of colonization ages for mammalian megafauna in glaciated New York State after the Last Glacial Maximum - R. S. Feranec; A. L. Kozlowski (Quaternary Research, 2016)
To understand what factors control species colonization and extirpation within specific paleoecosystems, we analyzed radiocarbon dates of megafaunal mammal species from New York State after the Last Glacial Maximum. We hypothesized that the timing of colonization and extirpation were both driven by access to preferred habitat types. Bayesian calibration of a database of 39 radiocarbon dates shows that caribou (Rangifer tarandus) were the first colonizers, then mammoth (Mammuthus sp.), and finally American mastodon (Mammut americanum). The timing of colonization cannot reject the hypothesis that colonizing megafauna tracked preferred habitats, as caribou and mammoth arrived when tundra was present, while mastodon arrived after boreal forest was prominent in the state. The timing of caribou colonization implies that ecosystems were developed in the state prior to 16,000 cal yr BP. The contemporaneous arrival of American mastodon with Sporormiella spore decline suggests the dung fungus spore is not an adequate indicator of American mastodon population size. The pattern in the timing of extirpation is opposite to that of colonization. The lack of environmental changes suspected to be ecologically detrimental to American mastodon and mammoth coupled with the arrival of humans shortly before extirpation suggests an anthropogenic cause in the loss of the analyzed species.
Keywords: 14C; Bayesian calibration; Habitat tracking; last glacial maximum; Mammal; New York

The Precambrian–Phanerozoic and Ediacaran–Cambrian Boundaries: A Historical Approach to a Dilemma - G. Geyer; E. Landing (Earth System Evolution and Early Life: A Celebration of the Work of Martin Brasier, 2016)
The Cambrian was originally defined as a rock interval with a trilobite-dominated fauna that overlay a presumed biologically barren Precambrian epoch. Work to formally define the Cambrian base arose after the discovery of Precambrian macrofossils in South Australia. The Working Group on the Precambrian–Cambrian Boundary (set up in 1972) promoted an emphasis on an extended pre-trilobitic interval with mineralized skeletal elements (small shelly fossils or early skeletal fossils). The study of early skeletal fossils made the Ulakhan-Sulugur (Siberia) and Meishucun (South China) sections candidates for the basal Cambrian Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), but difficulties in correlation and the taxonomy of early skeletal fossils did not allow the selection of a reliably correlative horizon. Bilaterian ichnofaunas below the first diverse early skeletal fossils suggested the definition of a Cambrian base GSSP below the early skeletal fossils. Work on the thick, stratigraphically continuous and fairly unifacial sections in the Burin Peninsula, southeastern Newfoundland led in 1992 to an ichnofossil-defined GSSP at Fortune Head. Despite arguments for a revision and redefinition of the lower boundary of the Cambrian System, the best definition of the basal Cambrian GSSP is at Fortune Head and does not rely on the Treptichnus/Trichophycus pedum (abbreviated below as T. pedum) first appearance datum, but rather on the base of the T. pedum Assemblage Zone at the highest occurrence of Ediacaran taxa and in the lower range of T. pedum.

Addendum Phase I Reconnaissance Survey and Phase II Site Examination of PIN 1013.11.101, Old Lexington Village Site (NYSM #12666), NY 42 over Schoharie Creek, Hamlet of Lexington, Town of Lexington, Greene County, New York - A. Gore (New York State Museum, 2016)

Cultural Resource Architectural and Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey Report PIN 7805.86 US Rte 11 Culvert Repairs, Hamlet of Moira, Town of Moira, Franklin County, New York - A. Gore (New York State Museum, 2016)

Phase I Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2805.73.101, Traffic Signal Improvement 16, Towns of Fultonville, Mayfield, Richfield and City of Amsterdam; Fulton, Montgomery and Otsego Counties, New York, 16PR02657 - A. Gore (New York State Museum, 2016)

Phase I Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2805.73.101, Traffic Signal Improvement 16, NY Routes 30A and 920P, Village of Fultonville, Montgomery County, New York, 16PR02657 - A. Gore (New York State Museum, 2016)

Paleovertebrate communities - Hadly, E. A.; R. S. Feranec (Ecosystems of California, 2016)

Nation Building and Social Signaling in Southern Ontario: A.D. 1350–1650 - J. P. Hart; Shafie, Termeh; Birch, Jennifer; Dermarkar, Susan; Williamson, Ronald F. (PLOS ONE, 2016)
Pottery is a mainstay of archaeological analysis worldwide. Often, high proportions of the pottery recovered from a given site are decorated in some manner. In northern Iroquoia, late pre-contact pottery and early contact decoration commonly occur on collars—thick bands of clay that encircle a pot and extend several centimeters down from the lip. These decorations constitute signals that conveyed information about a pot’s user(s). In southern Ontario the period A.D. 1350 to 1650 witnessed substantial changes in socio-political and settlement systems that included population movement, coalescence of formerly separate communities into large villages and towns, waxing and waning of regional strife, the formation of nations, and finally the development of three confederacies that each occupied distinct, constricted areas. Social network analysis demonstrates that signaling practices changed to reflect these regional patterns. Networks become more consolidated through time ultimately resulting in a “small world” network with small degrees of separation between sites reflecting the integration of communities within and between the three confederacies.
Keywords: northern Iroquoia; pottery decoration; Social network analysis; southern Ontario

New Trends in Prehistoric North-eastern North American Agriculture Evidence: A View from Central New York - J. P. Hart (The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Diet, 2016)
A primary focus of research on plant use by Native Americans in temperate north-eastern North America has been on the adoption of agricultural crops domesticated elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere. The adoption of the triad maize, common bean, and squash, particularly, has been seen as transformative—changing mobile hunter-gatherers into sedentary or semi-sedentary agriculturists. Based on a decade and a half of research, focused on central New York, it is now established that the three crops have separate histories and that their respective adoptions did not lead to major changes in subsistence systems. Much of this shift is based on microbotanical research. Intensive sampling and analysis of macrobotanical remains have similarly extended our knowledge of wild plant use in the North-east. There is a distinct need to build multiple lines of evidence across the North-east in order to build more comprehensive understandings of crop histories.

Cultural Resource Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3807.39.101, C350007, Regional Large Culvert Replacement Contract, Route 3 at Mud Creek, Town of Richland, Oswego County, New York - S. Higgins (New York State Museum, 2016)

Cultural Resource Screening Survey (Phase IA) Addendum Report for PIN 3043.65.121, Replacement of Route 11 Bridge (BIN 4008450) Over Oneida River, Towns of Cicero and Hastings, Onondaga and Oswego Counties, New York - S. Higgins (New York State Museum, 2016)

An anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) investigation of the till fabric of drumlins: support for an accretionary origin - Hopkins, Nathan R.; Evenson, Edward B.; Kodama, Kenneth P.; A. L. Kozlowski (Boreas, 2016)
This paper describes the results of a spatially dense anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) till fabric study of a single drumlin in the Weedsport Drumlin Field, New York State, USA. AMS till fabrics provide a robust, quantitative and unbiased approach to assess subglacial till kinematics and infer ice-flow dynamics. The drumlin selected for this detailed investigation was systematically sampled at 18 locations to evaluate the patterns of ice flow and associated till kinematics within a drumlin and to test erosional vs. depositional models for its formation. AMS till fabric analysis yielded strong fabrics that increase in strength towards the drumlin crest, indicating that bed deformation occurred during till deposition and that deformation within the drumlin was greater than that in the interdrumlin low. Fabric orientations reveal drumlin convergent, divergent and parallel ice-flow paths that illustrate a complex interaction between ice flow and the drumlin form; fabric strength and shape reveal systematic differences in bed deformation between the interdrumlin and drumlin regions. These observations are inconsistent with purely erosional models of drumlin genesis; instead, these observations are more consistent with syndepositional streamlining of till transported, probably locally as a deforming bed, from the interdrumlin low towards the drumlin locality.
Keywords: anisotropy magnetic susceptibility; drumlin; New York state; till fabric; Weedsport Drumlin Field

Mining, Geology, and Geological HIstory of Garnet at the Barton Garnet Mine, Gore Mountain, New York - W. M. Kelly (The Adirondack Journal of Environmental Studies, 2016)
Garnet microcrysts commonly 30 centimeters (cm) ranging up to 1 meter (m) in diameter occur at the summit of Gore Mountain, Adirondacks, NY and were mined there for abrasives for more than a century. The mine, owned by Barton Mines, Co., LLC, is roughly 2 km x 150 m and is located in a horneblende-rich garnet amphibolite at the southern boundary of a metamorphosed olivine gabbro body that is in fault contact with charnockite. Barton supplies garnet, a chemically homogeneous pyrope-almandine, to the waterjet cutting, lapping, and abrasive coating industries. The garnet megacrysts are reliably dated at 1049±5 Ma. The growth of the garnet megacrysts was facilitated by an influx of hydrothermal fluid emanating from the ore body's southern boundary fault. The fluids were most probably associated with the intrusion of the Lyon Mountain Granite (1049.9±10 Ma) and/or associated pegmatitic rocks late in the techtonic history of the Adirondacks.

New York State Museum: A Well Illustrated, Curated and Exhibited History of Science and Art - Kernan, P. (The Botanical Artist, 2016)

The Adirondack archipelago - J. J. Kirchman; Ralston, J. (Adirondack Journal of Environmental Studies, 2016)

Geology of the Union Springs Quadrangle, Cayuga County, New York - A. L. Kozlowski; B. Bird; Leone, J.; Graham, B. (Map & Chart Series 88, 2016)

Odontoschisma (Dumortier) Dumortier - Krayesky, D. M.; L. Leonardi; Chmielewski, J. G. (Bryophyte Flora of North America, Provisional Publication., 2016)

Comment on “Terreneuvian Small Shelly Faunas of East Yunnan (South China) and Their Biostratigraphic Implications” - E. Landing; G. Geyer (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2016)
The recent article by Yang et al. (2014 provides a very useful summary of the litho- and biostratigraphy of the sub-trilobitic lower Cambrian on the tropical shelf of South China. Our concern with this article is that it did not drawon or utilize existing reports that followed IUGS protocols in the proposal of a GSSP horizon and locality for informal Stage 2 of the lower Cambrian. Indeed, a proposal of an integrated bio- and chemostratigraphic signature (i.e., the peak of the L4 carbon isotope excursion within the Watsonella crosbyi Assemblage Zone in South China) for the base of Stage 10 and the location of a Stage 2 GSSP 9 m below the top of the Dahai Member at the Laolin roadcut offers the potential for correlation of a Stage 2 base across southern China and globally (i.e., into Siberla and Avalonia).

Correlation of the Cambrian Evolutionary Radiation: geochronology, evolutionary stasis of earliest Cambrian (Terreneuvian) small shelly fossil (SSF) taxa, and chronostratigraphic significance - E. Landing; Kouchinsky, A. (Geological Magazine, 2016)
Early faunas with Watsonella crosbyi with or without Aldanella spp. have been equated with the Siberian Tommotian Stage (uppermost Terreneuvian) and used to define a proposed Cambrian Stage 2 base. Much earlier Terreneuvian occurrences are now shown by recovery of these micromolluscs below the I’ carbon excursion in the Siberian ‘Nemakit-Daldynian’ Stage and comparable δ13C excursions in the middle Meishucunian (China) and middle Chapel Island Formation (Avalonia). This δ13C excursion, a reliable Stage 2 marker, lies in a c. 10 Ma interval in the Cambrian Radiation in which long-ranged small shelly fossil taxa provide limited biostratigraphic resolution.
Keywords: Cambrian Evolutionary Radiation; Meishucunian; Siberia; Terreneuvian; Tommotian

Surficial Geology of the Delmar Quadrangle, Albany County, New York - Leone, J.; A. L. Kozlowski; Dineen, R. (Map & Chart Series 91, 2016)

Cultural Resource Survey Report for an Architectural Survey of PIN 8392.01.101, U. S. 6/Metro North Railroad, Village of Brewster, Town of Southeast, Putnam County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2016)

Cultural Resources Survey Report for an Architectural Survey of PIN X731.27.121, Bruckner Access and Connectivity Improvements, New York City, Baychester & Pelham Bay Park, Bronx County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2016)

Historic American Engineering Report (HAER) for the Cohoes-Waterford Bridge, City of Cohoes, Albany County and Town of Waterford, Saratoga County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2016)

Current Archaeological Research on Paleoindian Sites in Central New York - J. C. Lothrop; Michael Beardsley; Mark Clymer; S. Winchell-Sweeney; M.H. Younge (Late Pleistocene Geology, Environments and Archaeology in the Oneida Basin and Ontario Lowland of Central New York, 2016)

Early Human Settlement of Northeastern North America - J. C. Lothrop; Lowery, Darrin L.; Spiess, Arthur E.; Ellis, Christopher J. (PaleoAmerica, 2016)
This paper summarizes current evidence for earliest human occupation of northeastern North America during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. We review evolution of the region’s landscapes and evidence of archaeological chronologies as context for understanding human settlement of the region. Current data support limited evidence for pre-Clovis occupation south of the Laurentide glacial margin, followed by a significant temporal gap prior to early Paleoindian settlement of the region. Despite differences in subregional data sets, mapping of site distributions and assemblage data do support the notion of variation in lifeways between Paleoindian populations occupying formerly glaciated parts of the Northeast in the late Pleistocene, versus contemporary groups in lands south of the Laurentide glacial margin. Through time, the greatest differences in Paleoindian land use and technology occur between the Younger Dryas and early Holocene.

Paleoindian Peoples and Landscapes of Northeastern North America - J. C. Lothrop; Singer, Z. L. (Eastern States Archeological Federation, 2016)

Review of "Clovis Caches: Recent Discoveries and New Research" by Bruce B Huckell and J David Kilby (eds) - J. C. Lothrop (North American Archaeologist, 2016)

“Palatine Germans", Mohawk-Irokesen und Europäische Pfeifen aus Ton - Michael T. Lucas (Plötzlich Da: Deutsche Bittsteller 1709, Türkische Nachbarn 1961, 2016)

Review of “A Desolate Place for a defiant People: The Archaeology of Maroons, Indigenous Americans, and Enslaved Laborers in the Great Dismal Swamp” By Daniel O. Sayers - Michael T. Lucas (Historical Archaeology, 2016)

Review of “Disease and Discrimination: Poverty and Pestilence in Colonial Atlantic America” by Dale L. Hutchinson - Michael T. Lucas (Historical Archaeology, 2016)

“To our Inn we March’d Away”: Public Contexts for Consuming Alcohol and Tobacco in a Small Chesapeake Town, 1690-1720 - Michael T. Lucas (Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology, 2016)
Historical archaeology has been interested in public drinking houses since its beginnings. Even with the support of years of archaeological case studies, significant challenges remain in making a connection between the material culture recovered from the archaeological record and the operation of a drinking house. Most scholarship accepts the importance of drinking houses, or ordinaries, in the Chesapeake, in the social, political, and economic development of the region. In many ways the experience and social fabric of early Chesapeake towns are synonymous with the ordinary. A constructive approach to defining the place of ordinaries in the early modern Chesapeake requires considerable interpretive flexibility. Contrasting the historical and archaeological data on the ordinaries in Charles Town (1684-1721), Prince George’s County, Maryland, illustrates the methodological difficulties in triangulating among these sources, but also the capacity for archaeology to tangibly demonstrate how social drinking and smoking structured the broader landscape of public interaction in the early modern Chesapeake region.

Rare Earth Element and Yttrium Mineral Occurrences in the Adirondack Mountains - M. V. Lupulescu; J. R. Chiarenzelli; Singer, J. (Adirondack Journal of Environmental Studies, 2016)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 0TON.Y4, Welcome Center at Northern State Parkway Exit 25, Village of Lake Success, Town of North Hempstead, Nassau County, New York - D. E. Mazeau (New York State Museum, 2016)

Cultural Resources Survey Report for PIN 0011.43.101, Addendum Survey for PIN 0011.43.101: NY 231 at Northern State Parkway Improvements, Hamlet of Dix Hills, Town of Huntington, Suffolk County, New York - D. E. Mazeau (New York State Museum, 2016)

Rapid changes of magnetic Field polarity in the late Ediacaran: Linking the Cambrian evolutionary radiation and increased UV-B radiation - Meert, Joseph G.; Levashova, Natalia M.; Bazhenov, Mikhail L.; E. Landing (Gondwana Research, 2016)
Novelty in the biological world is the culmination of genetic changes often triggered by the physical environment. The most radical phase of biological evolution took place during the Cambrian Evolutionary Radiation (CER). Prior to the CER, bacterial matgrounds and associated communities of Ediacaran organisms dominated the shallow seafloor. Near the end of the Ediacaran Period, ~550 million years ago, many soft-bodied biota went extinct. In the Early Cambrian, animals with the ability to burrow vertically altered the ecology of the seafloor and biomineralization became commonplace. Here we link the terminal Ediacaran extinction, the Cambrian substrate revolution and the diversification of biomineralizing organisms to changes associated with the reversal frequency of the Earth’s magnetic field. Beginning around 550 Ma and continuing through much of the Cambrian, the Earth’s magnetic field was rapidly reversing. Models, and limited paleointensity studies, indicate that rapid reversals are a feature of an overall weaker dipole. A weakened dipole reduces the dimensions of the magnetosphere that provides a barrier to incoming cosmic radiation. Here we show that the environmental effects of that collapse include increased dosing of UVB radiation into the shallow marine environment. Increased UVB radiation in the shallow marine environment provided selective pressure favoring organisms that could detect and avoid UVB damage by burrowing vertically, moving up or down in the water column, growing protective shells and other ‘flight from light’ mechanisms. These changes took place in advance of the CER, but effectively cleared the ecological space for the subsequent changes in the later Cambrian.

New Insights on Rift Basin Development and the Geological Carbon Cycle, Mass Extinction, and Carbon Sequestration from Outcrops, and New Core, Drill Holes and Seismic Lines from the Northern Newark Basin (New York and New Jersey) - Olson, P.; Kinney, S.; Zakharova, N.; Schlische, R.; Withjack, M.; Kent, D.; Goldberg, D.; B. E. Slater (2016 NYSGA Field Trip Guide Book, 2016)

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report for West Prattsville Site A and West Prattsville Site C, PIN 1BOW.27.101, BIN 1-01767-0, NY 23 over Schoharie Creek, Village of Prattsville, Greene County, New York - M. Pickands; J. S. Cardinal; H. Clark; A. Lynch (New York State Museum, 2016)

Interlocking-induced Stiffness in Stochastically Microcracked Materials Beyond the Transport Percolation Threshold - Picu, R. C.; Pal, A.; M. V. Lupulescu (Physical Review E, 2016)
We study the mechanical behavior of two-dimensional, stochastically microcracked continua in the range of crack densities close to, and above, the transport percolation threshold. We show that these materials retain stiffness up to crack densities much larger than the transport percolation threshold due to topological interlocking of sample subdomains. Even with a linear constitutive law for the continuum, the mechanical behavior becomes nonlinear in the range of crack densities bounded by the transport and stiffness percolation thresholds. The effect is due to the fractal nature of the fragmentation process and is not linked to the roughness of individual cracks.

Dodging snowballs: Geochronology of the Gaskiers glaciation and the first appearance of the Ediacaran biota - Pu, Judy P.; Bowring, Samuel A.; Ramezani, Jahandar; Myrow, Paul; Raub, Timothy D.; E. Landing; Mills, Andrea; Hodgin, Eben; Macdonald, Francis A. (Geology, 2016)
The snowball Earth hypothesis predicts that low-latitude glaciation lasted millions of years while CO2 built up to critical levels to culminate in catastrophic deglaciation in a supergreenhouse climate. The Gaskiers Formation of eastern Newfoundland (Canada) has been attributed to a snowball glaciation event, but the lack of robust paleomagnetic data and precise geochronological constraints has precluded tests of the hypothesis. Here we present high-precision U-Pb zircon geochronology (chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry) from eight tuffs from multiple distant stratigraphic sections that bracket glacial diamictites and the first appearance of large Ediacaran fossils. Including internal error, deposition of the Gaskiers diamictite on the Avalon Peninsula is constrained to have been between 580.90 ± 0.40 and 579.88 ± 0.44 Ma, and the Trinity diamictite on Bonavista Peninsula was deposited between 579.63 ± 0.15 and 579.24 ± 0.17 Ma. Assuming approximately synchronous deglaciation, these results imply a maximum duration for deposition of the Trinity diamictite of ≤340 k.y.; this is inconsistent with the multimillion year duration predicted by the snowball Earth hypothesis. Our geochronologic data also constrain the first appearance datum of Ediacaran fossils to <9.5 m.y. after the Gaskiers glaciation. Thus, despite existing paleomagnetic constraints that indicate that marine ice sheets extended to low to middle latitudes, it appears that Earth narrowly escaped a third Neoproterozoic snowball glaciation just prior to the late Ediacaran expansion of metazoan ecosystems.

Late Prehistoric Household Archaeology in Eastern New York - C. B. Rieth (P@lethnology, 2016)
Archaeological studies of households provide us with information about the interactions between past populations, the ways that they organized their settlements and the relationship of disparate segments of a community to each other. By examining the effects of households at several different scales, archaeologists can better understand the processes that underly human behavior. This paper examines the Latre Prehistoric Getman site in New York and the role of Iroquoian households as represented in the compartment, longhouse, and village contexts. Conclusions about equality, resource use, and the spatial organization of the loghouse are suggested.

The Vroman I Site (NYSM# 10146 and 10148): A Transitional/Early Woodland Camp in the Town of Schoharie, Schoharie County, New York - C. B. Rieth (The Bulletin: Journal of the New York State Archaeological Association, 2016)
The Vrooman I site consists of a small Transitional/Early Woodland campsite located near the confluence of the Fox and Schoharie creeks in the Town of Schoharie, Schoharie County, New York. The site produced a small concentration of chert flakes, broken bifaces, a broken (Woodland) projective point, and small expedient tools. The absence of features reinforces the site's tentative nature. Comparisons with contemporaneous sites in eastern New York place the site within a larger regional seetlement and interaction system.

Cultural Resource Archaeological Addendum Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN DEC Genesee, Access Road Through The Genesee Valley Wildlife Management Area, Town of Portage Livingston County, New York - J. Ross (New York State Museum, 2016)

Cultural Resource Screening Survey (Phase IA) Addendum Report of PIN 3287.17.121 Highway Safety Project, Rt. 370-Onondaga Lake Parkway, Old Liverpool Road to I-81 Ramps, Village of Liverpool and Town of Salina(MCDs 06746 and 06715) Onondaga County - J. Ross (New York State Museum, 2016)

Cultural Reconnaissance Survey Part II: Architecture, PIN 1236.27.101, NYS Route 29 over the Battenkill River Replacement of BIN 1020720, Towns of Easton and Greenwich, Washington County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (New York State Museum, 2016)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 2805.73.101, Traffic Signal Improvement 16, NY Route 30 and North School Street, Town of Mayfield, Fulton County, New York, Volume II: Architecture, 16PR02657 - V. A. Schmitt (New York State Museum, 2016)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 2805.73.101, Traffic Signal Improvement 16, NY Routes 30A and 920P, Village of Fultonville, Montgomery County, New York, Volume II Architecture, 16PR02657 - V. A. Schmitt (New York State Museum, 2016)

Investigation of Unanticipated Discovery for PIN 7044.26.321, Tupper Lake Village, Routes 3 and 30, Franklin County, New York - Sobik, C. (New York State Museum, 2016)

The Mimallonidae (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea) of the Caribbean Basin, with the descriptions of two new species - R. A. St.Laurent; T. L. McCabe (Zootaxa, 2016)
Mimallonidae of the Caribbean Basin are discussed, with attention primarily given to species endemic to the Caribbean islands and the northern coast of Venezuela. The Caribbean Basin is a political term for tropical regions circumscribed by the Gulf of Mexico. Cicinnus bahamensis sp. n. is described from the Bahamas, the first species of Mimallonidae from this country. The Cuban species Cicinnus packardii (Grote, 1865), the closest relative of C. bahamensis sp. n., is figured and compared. A third, similar, species from northern coastal Venezuela, C. falcoargenteus sp. n., is described and compared to the previous two species.
Keywords: Bahamas; Caribbean Basin; Cicinnus; Cuba; Lepidoptera; Mimallonidae; Venezuela

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 2004.11.101, NYS Route 51 Bridge over Erie Canal/CSX/NYS Route 5, (BINS 4051180, 405118A, and 405118B), Village of Ilion (MCD 04340) and Town of Herkimer (MCD 04306), Herkimer County, New York - D. Staley (New York State Museum, 2016)

Cultural Resources Survey Report for PIN 2805.66.101, Traffic System Project 15, Route 26 and Route 46 Intersection, Town of Eaton, Madison County, New York - D. Staley (New York State Museum, 2016)

Guilty Thrills: Sparks from the Past - D. Staley (New York Archaeological Council Newsletter, 2016)

Last Gasp: The Construction, Operation, and Dissolution of the Adirondack Iron and Steel Company's "New Furnace" - D. Staley (Northeast Historical Archaeology, 2016)
Isolation and historical circumstances have largely preserved the "New Furnace" at the Adirondack Iron & Steel COmpany's Upper Works. An historical account suggested that the operational process at the facility would be clearly represented by an array of tools and debris. Daily activities at a blast furnace tend to obliterate much of the archaeologically observable behavioral evidence, and decades of visitors and vandalism have removed any tools abandoned after the last iron casting. Through the interpretation of sediments, stratigraphy, features, and under-utilized material culture, such as building materials, smelting raw materials, and slag, it is possible to reveal apsects of construction, operations, collapse, and decay at the site. Taken further, some of the findings may reflect corporate paternalism, as well as the owners' wildly fluctuating fiscal attitudes toward New Furnace construction and oeprations.

Systematics and paleobiogeographic significance of the Upper Ordovician pterygometopine trilobite Achatella Delo,1935 - Swisher, Robert E.; Westrop, Stephen R.; L. Amati (Journal of Paleontology, 2016)
Study of type and new material of the pterygometopine Achatella Delo, 1935 demonstrates the presence of four species in Upper Ordovician (Katian) strata of Laurentian North America, A. achates (Billings, 1860) from the northeastern United States and the St. Lawrence lowlands of Canada, A. carleyi (Meek, 1872) from the Cincinnati region, Ohio and Kentucky, A. katharina (Bradley, 1930), from Missouri and Oklahoma, and A. clivosa Lespérance and Weissenberger, 1998 from the Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec. Perhaps as many as five additional species are present in Sandbian–Katian strata of the Laurentian terranes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, although only three of these are known well enough to code for phylogenetic analysis. The oldest pterygometopines, including species of Achatella, are known from Middle Ordovician strata of Baltica. Phylogenetic analysis supports a single migration event from Baltica from Laurentia, followed by a modest diversification in the latter region.

Geological context, biostratigraphy and systematic revision of late early Cambrian olenelloid trilobites from the Parker and Monkton formations, northwestern Vermont, U.S.A. - Webster, M.; E. Landing (Australasian Palaeontological Memoirs, 2016)
In northwestern Vermont, upper lower Cambrian (Dyeran Stage) dysoxic deposits of the Franklin Basin are separated by 7 km from coeval, shallow-shelf deposits of the Monkton Formation on the Middlebury platform. This report presents a systematic revision of olenelloid trilobites from three localities within the basinal facies of the Parker Formation (including the Parker quarry Lagerstätte) and three localities within the Monkton Formation. The study reveals a previously underestimated diversity of olenelloid species in both formations. Olenellus agellus, O. crassimarginatus, O. transitans and O. aff. transitans are presently known only from the basinal facies; Bolbolenellus hermani, B. cf. brevispinus and several indeterminate olenelloid species are presently known only from the shelf facies; and O. thompsoni, O. aff. fowleri and Mesonacis vermontanus occur in both facies. The revisions demonstrate that (1) the Parker and Monkton formations share several species, thus strengthening previous claims for at least partial age-equivalence of the units; and (2) the regression(s) represented by the Monkton Formation began after the formation of the Franklin Basin but prior to the deposition of the Parker quarry Lagerstätte. Some newly documented elements of the Parker and Monkton formation faunas are possibly conspecific with olenelloids from Nevada, which permits a provisional correlation of the Parker quarry Lagerstätte with the Bolbolenellus euryparia Zone or overlying uppermost Dyeran Nephrolenellus multinodus Zone of the Laurentian Cordilleran margin. The Monkton Formation regression(s) were broadly contemporaneous with one or more of the four late Dyeran shallowing-up events that have been identified in the southwestern United States. This indicates that the regression(s) were a eustastic rather than an epeirogenically controlled phenomenon.

New and Previously Overlooked Records of Several Fish Species from the Marine Waters of New York - J. J Wright; Schmidt, R. E.; B. R. Weatherwax (Northeastern Naturalist, 2016)
The marine fish fauna of New York represents a highly diverse species assemblage, compose of both migratory and resident taxa that utilize a wide variety of habitats. Recently the New York State Museum took position of Dr. Howard Riesman's personal ichthyology collection, which included many specimens from Shinnecock Bay, Long Island. Examinations of these specimens has provided evidence to suggest that an additional 4 species should be added to previously compiled lists of marine species known to occur in the vicinity of New York. The prior lack of recognition of the presence of these species in Shinnecock Bay is apparently attributable to a number of factors, including historical taxonomic confusion, actual range expansion, aquarium releases, and simple lack of historical documentation of rare or transient species.

Spatial, Temporal, Mineralogical, and Compositional Variations in Mesozoic Kimberlitic Magmatism in New York State - Bailey, D. G.; M. V. Lupulescu (Lithos, 2015)
Mesozoic kimberlitic magmatism was geographically widespread across central New York State, and nearly 90 distinct intrusions have been discovered since the first “serpentinite body” was described over 175 years ago. Most of the intrusions are narrow (< 30 cm wide), near vertical, north–south oriented dikes, although three larger, irregular diatremes are also known. Previous studies assumed that all of the intrusions were genetically and temporally related, and often examined only a small sub-set of the intrusions. By combining modern samples with historic samples in the collections of the New York State Museum and Hamilton College, we were able to obtain detailed mineralogical and geochemical data on samples from 27 distinct intrusions. The intrusions can be divided into four distinct groups on the basis of both mineralogy and geochemistry, and previously published radiometric age dates suggest that these four groups may also have distinct emplacement ages. Group A intrusions are exposed on the western margin of Cayuga Lake near Ithaca, and are characterized by olivine and phlogopite macrocrysts in a serpentine and phlogopite-rich matrix. These intrusions are relatively Ti-rich and contain abundant perovskite grains in the groundmass that yielded U–Pb crystallization ages of ~ 146 Ma (Heaman and Kjarsgaard, 2000). Group B intrusions are exposed over a relatively large area surrounding Ithaca, and are characterized by having a diverse macrocryst assemblage that includes pyrope, diopside, and spinel in addition to olivine and phlogopite. These intrusions are the most incompatible and REE enriched, and are chemically similar to the Kirkland Lake kimberlites in eastern Ontario. Intrusion ages for this group cluster between 125 and 110 Ma. Group C intrusions are all found within the city of Syracuse, and are similar to the Group B intrusions in both mineralogy and chemistry. They appear to be somewhat older, with intrusion ages of 135–125 Ma. Finally, Group D intrusions are geographically distant from the other three groups, being exposed in East Canada Creek nearly 100 km east of the Syracuse dikes. They are characterized mineralogically by abundant olivine and sparse, but large, phlogopite macrocrysts, and chemically by having the lowest incompatible element and rare earth element (REE) concentrations, and the highest 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Intrusion ages for these dikes are poorly constrained, but appear to be contemporaneous with, or slightly older than, the ~ 146 Ma Group A intrusions. All of the kimberlitic intrusions in central New York State have initial Sr and Nd isotope ratios close to bulk earth. This fact, combined with the observed macrocryst assemblages and incompatible trace element ratios, indicates that these magmas were derived primarily from an asthenospheric, garnet lherzolite source. Episodic intrusion of small volume, volatile-rich kimberlitic magmas into the Paleozoic sedimentary platform rocks of central New York appears to have occurred along ancient crustal structures that were reactivated by the far field stresses related to the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean.
Keywords: Continental rifting; Geochemistry; Kimberlite; Mesozoic magmatism; Mineralogy; New York

Surficial Geology of the Auburn Quadrangle, Cayuga County, New York - B. Bird; A. L. Kozlowski (Map & Chart Series 82, 2015)

Surficial Geology of the Fair Haven Quadrangle, Cayuga and Wayne County, New York - B. Bird; A. L. Kozlowski (Map & Chart Series 83, 2015)

Surficial Geology of the Weedsport Quadrangle, Cayuga County, New York - B. Bird; A. L. Kozlowski (Map & Chart Series 84, 2015)

Cultural Resources Survey of the DEC-Nutten Hook Preserve, Town of Stuyvesant, Columbia County, New York - H. Brown; A. Lynch; Van Nest, J. (New York State Museum, 2015)

The Classic Danburite Occurrence Near Russell, St. Lawrence County, New York - S. C. Chamberlain; M. V. Lupulescu; Bailey, D. G. (Rocks & Minerals, 2015)
Keywords: geology

Cultural Resources Data Recovery and Monitoring Report of the Fort Edward Village Site, Fort Edward Feeder Canal Bridge Site, Hilfinger Pottery Site, Town and Village of Fort Edward Washington County, New York - N. L. Davis (New York State Museum Cultural Resources Survey Program, 2015)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 9806.81.101, Replacement or Repair of Culvert 950062, NYS Route 51, Town of Butternuts, Otsego County, New York - N. L. Davis (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resources Survey Report for Archaeological Monitoring and Data Recovery: PIN 1089.57.321, Route 4 (Broadway) Reconstruction, Town and Village for Fort Edward, Washington County, New York. (4 Volumes) - N. L. Davis; J. S. Cardinal; Ferguson, J.; Moragne, S.; M. Pickands; J. Ross (New York State Museum, 2015)

Fort Edward Data Recovery and Monitoring Project, The Fort Edward Feeder Canal Bridge Site - N. L. Davis (New York Archaeological Council Newsletter, 2015)

The Fort Edward Feeder Canal Bridge Site, Fort Edward Data Recovery and Monitoring Project - N. L. Davis (New York Archaeological Council Newsletter, 2015)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of Route 30 over the Binnekill Creek (C963069), Village of Margaretville, Town of Middletown, Delaware County, New York - R. Dean (New York State Museum, 2015)

Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey for PIN X096.26, Eastbound I278 Staten Island South Avenue to Victory Boulevard Overpass, Town of Northfield, Richmond County, New York - Dubuque, J.; A. Lynch (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for DEC Tonawanda WMA Koepsel Road, Town of Newstead, Erie County and Foote Road, Town of Royalton, Niagara County, New York - Dubuque, J.; C. B. Rieth (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 7035.13.121, Eddie Drive and NY 22, Town of Plattsburgh, Clinton County, New York - Dubuque, J. (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for DEC-Tonawanda, Town of Akron, Erie County, New York - Dubuque, J. (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance survey report for PIN X096.26, I 278, South Avenue to Victory Blvd. Overpass, Staten Island, Richmond County, New York - Dubuque, J. (New York State Museum, 2015)

Bedrock Geology of the Clarksville Quadrangle, Albany County, New York - Engel, T.; Stander, E. J.; C. A. Ver Straeten (Map & Chart Series 92, 2015)

Exploring the Potential of Laser Ablation Carbon Isotope Analysis for Examining Ecology during the Ontogeny of Middle Pleistocene Hominins from Sima de los Huesos (Northern Spain) - Garcia, N.; R. S. Feranec; Passey, B. H.; Cerling, T. E.; Arsuaga, J. L. (PLOS ONE, 2015)
Laser ablation of tooth enamel was used to analyze stable carbon isotope compositions of teeth of hominins, red deer, and bears from middle Pleistocene sites in the Sierra de Atapuerca in northern Spain, to investigate the possibility that this technique could be used as an additional tool to identify periods of physiological change that are not detectable as changes in tooth morphology. Most of the specimens were found to have minimal intratooth variation in carbon isotopes (< 2.3‰), suggesting isotopically uniform diets through time and revealing no obvious periods of physiological change. However, one of the two sampled hominin teeth displayed a temporal carbon isotope shift (3.2‰) that was significantly greater than observed for co-occurring specimens. The δ13C value of this individual averaged about -16‰early in life, and -13‰later in life. This isotopic change occurred on the canine crown about 4.2 mm from the root, which corresponds to an approximate age of two to four years old in modern humans. Our dataset is perforce small owing to the precious nature of hominid teeth, but it demonstrates the potential utility of the intra-tooth isotope profile method for extracting ontogenetic histories of human ancestors.
Keywords: bears; hominins; Laser ablation; middle Pleistocene; red deer; Sierra de Atapuerca; Spain; stable carbon isotope; tooth enamel

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report, DEC Deer River Boat Launch, Town of Denmark, Lewis County, New York - A. Gore (New York State Museum, 2015)

Phase III Cultural Resource Survey Report, NYSM Site # 11760, Fort de la Presentation Site, City of Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence County, New York - A. Gore (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, 2015)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Site Examination Report of the Million Dollar Beach Historic Site (NYSM # 12577), Village of Lake George, Warren County, New York - A. Gore (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resource Site Examination Report for PIN 6037.25.101, Bridge Replacement over Salmon Creek on NY 415 Project. S. Moore Site (SUBi-3099, NYSM 12546), Town of Avoca, Steuben County, New York - Grills, S.A. (New York State Museum, 2015)

Bean/Common Bean - J. P. Hart (Archaeology of Food: An Encyclopedia, 2015)

Comment on Cook and Comstock's Evaluating the Old Wood Problem in a Temperate Climate: A Fort Ancient Case Study - J. P. Hart; Nolan, K. C. (American Antiquity, 2015)
In their recent report, Cook and Comstock (2014) purport to address the “old wood” problem in temperate eastern North America. Here we point out several interpretive and analytical errors in their work. We conclude that careful selection of wood charcoal for radiocarbon assay can result in accurate chronology for events of interest. However, this does not obviate the need to critically assess the extant database of wood charcoal dates in any chronology building effort.
Keywords: Fort Ancient; northeastern North America; Old Wood Problem; radiocarbon dating

Review of Radiocarbon Dating: An Archaeological Perspective, Second Edition by R. E. Taylor and Ofer Bar-Yosef - J. P. Hart (Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology, 2015)

Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 3043.65.121, Route 11 from Route 37, Town of Hastings, Oswego County, New York to Bennett Street, Hamlet of Brewerton, Onondaga County, New York - S. Higgins; J. Ross (New York State Museum, 2015)

Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 8045.05.101, Route 139 at Somers High School, Town of Somers, Westchester County, New York - S. Higgins (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resource Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey Report, PIN 0016.27.101 Route 112 from I 495 to Granny Road Recharge Basins, Hamlet of Medford, Town of Brookhaven (MCD #10302) Suffolk County, New York, P.R. #15PR01896 - S. Higgins (New York State Museum, 2015)

Mapping and Materials - A. L. Kozlowski (Material Matters, 2015)
Keywords: geology

Surficial Geology of the Genoa Quadrangle, Cayuga County, New York - A. L. Kozlowski; Leone, J.; B. Bird (Map & Chart Series 85, 2015)

Surficial Geology of the Scipio Center Quadrangle, Cayuga County, New York - A. L. Kozlowski; Leone, J.; B. Bird (Map & Chart Series 86, 2015)

Surficial Geology of the Scipio Center Quadrangle, Cayuga County, New York - A. L. Kozlowski; Leone, J.; B. Bird (Map & Chart Series 86, 2015)

Distinguishing Earth’s oldest bryozoan (Pywackia, Late Cambrian) from pennatulacean octocorals (Mesozoic–Recent) - E. Landing; Antcliffe, J. A.; Brasier, M. D.; A. M. English (Journal of Paleontology, 2015)

Distinguishing Earths Oldest Bryozoan (Pywackia, Late Cambrian) from Pennatulacean Octocorals (Mesozoic-Recent) - E. Landing; Antcliffe, J. A.; Brasier, M. D.; A. M. English (Journal of Paleontology, 2015)
Keywords: paleontology

Geochronology of the Cambrian: A Precise Middle Cambrian U-Pb Zircon Date from the German Margin of West Gondwana - E. Landing; G. Geyer; Buckwaldt, R.; Bowring, S. A. (Geological Magazine, 2015)
A volcanic tuff 1.0 m above the base of the Triebenreuth Formation in the Franconian Forest provides the first precise and biostratigraphically bracketed date within the traditional Middle Cambrian. The first illustration of fossils from the Triebenreuth Formation in this report and their discussion allow a more highly refined correlation within the Middle Cambrian. A weighted mean 206Pb–238U date of 503.14±0.13/0.25/0.59 Ma on zircons from this subaerial pyroclastic tuff was determined by U–Pb chemical abrasion isotope dilution mass spectrometry (CA-TIMS) techniques. At c. 6.0–7.0 Ma younger than the base of the traditional Middle Cambrian in Avalonia, the new West Gondwanan date from east-central Germany suggests that estimates of 500 Ma for the base of the traditional Upper Cambrian and 497 Ma on the base of the Furongian Series may prove to be too ‘old’. Biostratigraphically well-bracketed dates through most of the Middle Cambrian/Series 3 and below the upper Upper Cambrian/upper Furongian Series do not exist. An earlier determined 494.4±3.8 Ma date from the Southwell Group of Tasmania may actually prove to be a reasonable estimate for the age of the base of the traditional Upper Cambrian. Until high precision dates are determined on the base of the traditional Upper Cambrian and base of the Furongian Series, the rates of biotic replacements and geological developments and the durations of biotic zones in the Middle/Series 3 and Upper Cambrian/Furongian Series remain as ‘best guesses’.
Keywords: Germany; Middle Cambrian; Triebenreuth Formation; U–Pb zircon date

Improved Geochronologic Accuracy and Precision for the ICS Chronostratigraphic Charts: Examples from the late Cambrian–Early Ordovician - E. Landing; A.W.A. Rushton; R.A. Fortey; S.A. Bowring (Episodes, 2015)
The utility of ICS International Chronostratigraphic Charts (ICS Charts) relies on the accuracy and precision of reported geochronologic dates and their relationship to the bases of global chronostratigraphic units. However, an examination of some early Paleozoic dates (i.e., Cambrian–Ordovician boundary and lowest Ordovician) on the ICS Charts shows that they differ from originally reported and late recalculated dates. Thus, they record a numerical precision that differs from these revised dates. The dates assigned to the bases of formal early Paleozoic chronostratigraphic units may be interpreted by the lay reader as precise determinations, although they are almost all estimates based on dated horizons that stratigraphically bracket a chronostratigraphic unit’s base. The bases of informal Cambrian chronostratigraphic units (e.g., Stage 10, ~489.5 Ma) are also assigned relatively precise ages although consensus does not exist on the horizon that should define an informal unit’s base, and several alternative GSSP horizons with differing ages may exist. The uncertainties of the ICS Chart’s dates on stage bases within the traditional Upper Cambrian are so great that the tilde (e.g., “~500.5”) indicating “about” might be replaced by question marks or an abbreviation for “estimated.” A preferred alternative is to replace the age estimates on the bases of informal and almost all formal chronostratigraphic divisions in the Phanerozoic with precise dates that bracket the bases of the divisions. The ICS Chart should include (perhaps on-line) brief discussions on and references to the history and procedures of age determination, accuracy, and precision for each dated horizon. An even more accurate, precise, and informative ICS Chart would result from review by a new ICS subcommission on geochronology. The subcommission could evaluate proposed dates for the ICS Chart for accuracy, precision, and suitability for determining/bracketing the ages of chronostratigraphic unit bases and provide updated reviews of the procedures used to determine all ICS Chart dates.

Late Cambrian (middle Furongian) Shallow-Marine Dysoxic Mudstone with Calcrete and Brachiopod–Olenid–Lotagnostus Faunas in Avalonian Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia - E. Landing; Westrop, S. R. (Geological Magazine, 2015)
Keywords: Avalonia; calcrete; Cambrian; Cape Breton Island; eustasy; marine dysoxia; upper Cambrian

Cultural Resources Architectural Report for PIN 9806.80.101, NY 52 Culvert/tributary to East Branch Callicoon Creek (C970085), Hamlet of Kohlertown, Town of Delaware, Sullivan County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (2015)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

A Cultural Resources Architectural Survey Report for PIN 1809.39, NY 3 Old Mill Race/Culvert (C120003), Town of Saint Armand, Hamlet of Bloomingdale, Essex County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (2015)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

HABS/HAER Report for NY 213/Snyder Boat Slip Culvert, Town of Rosendale, Ulster County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2015)

HABS/HAER Report for PIN 1161.19 NY 86 Bridge over the West Branch of the Ausable River - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2015)

HABS/HAER Report for Route 22 over the Boquet River, Town of Westport, Essex County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2015)

Historic American Engineering Record, East Third Street Bridge over Hutchinson River Parkway, City of Mount Vernon and Village of Pelham, Westchester County, New York. PIN 8BOW.27.101 - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2015)

Review of Pre-Clovis in the Americas: International Science Conference Proceedings edited by Dennis Joe Stanford and Alison T. Stenger - J. C. Lothrop (Lithic Technology, 2015)

Fishing for Dog Food: Ethnographic and Ethnohistoric Insights on the Freshwater Reservoir in Northeastern North America - Lovis, W. A.; J. P. Hart (Radiocarbon, 2015)
A review of current research reveals multiple lines of evidence suggesting that no single freshwater reservoir offset (FRO) correction can be applied to accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) ages obtained on carbonized food residue from cooking vessels. Systematically evaluating the regional presence, magnitude, and effects of a freshwater reservoir effect (FRE) is a demonstrably difficult analytic problem given the variation of ancient carbon reservoirs in both space and time within water bodies, and which should be performed in advance of AMS assays. In coastal and estuarine contexts, a priori partitioning FRE from known marine reservoir effects (MRE) is also necessary to eliminate potential mixed effects. Likewise, any FRE varies based on the proportional mix of resources producing the residues and the ancient carbon uptake of those products. Processing techniques are a significant component of assessing potential FRE, and each pot/cooking vessel is therefore an independent context requiring analytic evaluation. In northeastern North America, there is little ethnohistoric/ ethnographic evidence for fish boiling/stewing in ceramic cooking vessels; rather, fish were more often dried, smoked, or cooked for immediate consumption on open fires. Assays of fatty acids extracted from prehistoric vessel fabrics even on known fishing sites reveals no evidence for fish in the food mix. These observations suggest that the likelihoods of FRE in carbonized food residue in northeastern North America is therefore low, and that assays potentially suffering from FRO are minimal. In turn, this suggests that AMS ages from carbonized food residues are reliable unless analytically demonstrated otherwise for specific cases, and should take primacy over ages on other associated materials that have historically been employed for critical threshold chronological events.
Keywords: Cooking Technology; Diet; Fish Processing; Freshwater Reservoir Effect

Review of "Ancestral Encounters in Highland Madagascar: Material Signs and Traces of the Dead" by Zoë Crossland - Michael T. Lucas (Historical Archaeology, 2015)

Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) Spray Dried Powder for Controlling Zebra Mussels Adhering to Test Substrates: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1051 - Luoma, J. A.; Severson, T. J.; Weber, K. L.; D. A. Mayer (United States Geological Survey, 2015)
A mobile bioassay trailer was used to assess the efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) spray dried powder (SDP) formulation for controlling zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) from two midwestern lakes: Lake Carlos (Alexandria, Minnesota) and Shawano Lake (Shawano, Wisconsin). The effects of SDP exposure concentration and exposure duration on zebra mussel survival were evaluated along with the evaluation of a benthic injection application technique to reduce the amount of SDP required to induce zebra mortality. Groups of zebra mussels were collected from each lake and allowed to adhere to test substrates for at least 15 days before exposure to SDP. Two independent trials were completed at each lake: (1) a whole water column (WWC) application trial was used to evaluate the effects of SDP exposure concentration and exposure duration on zebra mussel survival; and (2) a benthic injection (BI) application trial in which the SDP was injected into the test tanks to determine the efficacy of a benthic injection application technique to reduce the amount of SDP required to induced zebra mussel mortality. Three exposure durations (6, 9, and 12 hours) were evaluated in the WWC trials and a 12-hour exposure duration was evaluated in the BI trials. All trials contained zebra mussels which were removed at the completion of each exposure duration, consolidated into wire mesh cages, and held in the lake for approximately 30 days before being assessed for survival. For all trials, treatment was assigned to each test tank according to a randomized block design (n = 3 test tanks per treatment). The treatment groups included (1) an untreated control group, (2) a group that received an application of 50 milligrams of SDP per liter (mg SDP/L), and (3) a group that received an application of 100 mg SDP/L. During the BI trials, SDP was administered to achieve the desired exposure concentration in the bottom 50 percent (175 L) of the test tank. All exposure concentrations are reported as active ingredient. Approximately 30 days after exposure, zebra mussels were sorted into live and dead, and enumerated. Mean survival of zebra mussels in control treatments exceeded 95 percent. Mean survival of zebra mussels in the Lake Carlos WWC SDP-treated groups ranged from 0.5 to 2.1 percent and when compared at the same exposure duration, no difference was detected in survival between the 50 and 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L) treatment groups. Similarly, mean survival of zebra mussels in the Shawano Lake WWC SDP-treated groups ranged from 2.0 to 12.6 percent and when compared at the same exposure duration, no difference was detected in survival between the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups. Mean survival of zebra mussels in the Lake Carlos BI trial SDP-treated groups did not differ (p = 0.93) and was 18.1 and 18.0 percent in the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups, respectively. Mean survival of zebra mussels in the Shawano Lake BI trial SDP-treated groups differed (p < 0.01) and was 2.9 and 0.9 percent in the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups, respectively. Survival of zebra mussels assigned to the SDP-treated groups in the Lake Carlos WWC trial (12-hour exposure duration) differed from the survival of zebra mussels assigned to the SDP-treated groups in the Lake Carlos BI trial; however, after modification of the BI application technique, no difference (p = 0.22) was detected between the survival of zebra mussel in the Shawano Lake WWC (12-hour exposure duration) and BI trials.
Keywords: biology

Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CL145A Spray Dried Powder for Controlling Zebra Mussels Adhering to Native Unionid Mussels within Field Enclosures: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1050 - Luoma, J. A.; Weber, K. L.; Severson, T. J.; D. A. Mayer (2015)
A mobile bioassay trailer was used to assess the efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) spray dried powder (SDP) formulation for controlling zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) from two midwestern lakes: Lake Carlos (Alexandria, Minnesota) and Shawano Lake (Shawano, Wisconsin). The effects of SDP exposure concentration and exposure duration on zebra mussel survival were evaluated along with the evaluation of a benthic injection application technique to reduce the amount of SDP required to induce zebra mortality. Groups of zebra mussels were collected from each lake and allowed to adhere to test substrates for at least 15 days before exposure to SDP. Two independent trials were completed at each lake: (1) a whole water column (WWC) application trial was used to evaluate the effects of SDP exposure concentration and exposure duration on zebra mussel survival; and (2) a benthic injection (BI) application trial in which the SDP was injected into the test tanks to determine the efficacy of a benthic injection application technique to reduce the amount of SDP required to induced zebra mussel mortality. Three exposure durations (6, 9, and 12 hours) were evaluated in the WWC trials and a 12-hour exposure duration was evaluated in the BI trials. All trials contained zebra mussels which were removed at the completion of each exposure duration, consolidated into wire mesh cages, and held in the lake for approximately 30 days before being assessed for survival. For all trials, treatment was assigned to each test tank according to a randomized block design (n = 3 test tanks per treatment). The treatment groups included (1) an untreated control group, (2) a group that received an application of 50 milligrams of SDP per liter (mg SDP/L), and (3) a group that received an application of 100 mg SDP/L. During the BI trials, SDP was administered to achieve the desired exposure concentration in the bottom 50 percent (175 L) of the test tank. All exposure concentrations are reported as active ingredient. Approximately 30 days after exposure, zebra mussels were sorted into live and dead, and enumerated. Mean survival of zebra mussels in control treatments exceeded 95 percent. Mean survival of zebra mussels in the Lake Carlos WWC SDP-treated groups ranged from 0.5 to 2.1 percent and when compared at the same exposure duration, no difference was detected in survival between the 50 and 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L) treatment groups. Similarly, mean survival of zebra mussels in the Shawano Lake WWC SDP-treated groups ranged from 2.0 to 12.6 percent and when compared at the same exposure duration, no difference was detected in survival between the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups. Mean survival of zebra mussels in the Lake Carlos BI trial SDP-treated groups did not differ (p = 0.93) and was 18.1 and 18.0 percent in the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups, respectively. Mean survival of zebra mussels in the Shawano Lake BI trial SDP-treated groups differed (p < 0.01) and was 2.9 and 0.9 percent in the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups, respectively. Survival of zebra mussels assigned to the SDP-treated groups in the Lake Carlos WWC trial (12-hour exposure duration) differed from the survival of zebra mussels assigned to the SDP-treated groups in the Lake Carlos BI trial; however, after modification of the BI application technique, no difference (p = 0.22) was detected between the survival of zebra mussel in the Shawano Lake WWC (12-hour exposure duration) and BI trials.
Keywords: biology

Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CL145A Spray Dried Powder for Controlling Zebra Mussels Adhering to Native Unionid Mussels within Field Enclosures: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1050 - Luoma, J. A.; Weber, K. L.; Severson, T. J.; D. A. Mayer (United States Geological Survey, 2015)
The efficacy of a commercially prepared spray dried powder (SDP) formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain CL145A) was evaluated for removing zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) adhering to a population of unionid mussels in Lake Darling (Alexandria, Minnesota). Two groups of unionid mussels were used in the study. Unionid mussels were collected near the test area, weighed, photographed, individually tagged, and randomly allocated to one of nine test enclosures in equal proportions and then divided into two groups. The first group of unionid mussels (Group 1, n = 5 per test enclosure) were indiscriminately selected from each test enclosure and used to estimate the number of zebra mussels adhering to unionid mussels prior to exposure. The second group of unionid mussels (Group 2, n = 22 per test enclosure) were used to evaluate the efficacy of SDP for removal of adhering zebra mussels. Both Group 1 and Group 2 mussels were used to evaluate the effects of SDP exposure on unionid mussel survival. Treatment was assigned to each test enclosure by using a randomized block design. The three treatment groups were tested in triplicate and included an untreated control group and groups that received a single application of 50 or 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of SDP based on active ingredient. All treatment concentrations are reported as active ingredient of SDP. Test enclosures were removed at the 8-hour exposure termination. Both Group 1 and Group 2 mussels remained in their assigned exposure location during the postexposure holding period. The number of zebra mussels adhering to Group 2 mussels (live and dead) was assessed 18 to 20 days postexposure in addition to assessing the survival of Group 1 and Group 2 unionid mussels. SDP, administered as a single treatment, significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the number of adhering zebra mussels when compared to the untreated controls. The number of zebra mussels adhering to unionid mussels (Group 2) was reduced 53 percent in the 50-mg/L treatment group and 68 percent in the 100-mg/L treatment group. The number of adhering zebra mussels did not differ (p = 0.79) between the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups after exposure. When standardized to the amount of SDP applied per square meter, each gram (g) of SDP applied in the 50-mg/L treatment reduced the number of adhering zebra mussel 59.8 percent more than the 100-mg/L treatment group. Group 1 mussel survival did not differ between treatment groups (p > 0.05); however, a difference was detected (p < 0.01) in the survival of Group 2 mussels. The survival of Group 2 mussels did not differ (p > 0.23) between control and treated groups. A difference in Group 2 mussel survival was detected (p = 0.03; odds ratio [OR] = 0.290) between the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups (that is, the survival was highest in the 50-mg/L treatment group and lowest in the 100-mg/L treatment group), however, the biological significance of the difference is indeterminate.
Keywords: biology

Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CL145A Spray Dried Powder for Controlling Zebra Mussels Adhering to Native Unionid Mussels Within Field Enclosures: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1051 - Luoma, J. A.; Severson, T. J.; Weber, K. L.; D. A. Mayer (2015)
The efficacy of a commercially prepared spray dried powder (SDP) formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain CL145A) was evaluated for removing zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) adhering to a population of unionid mussels in Lake Darling (Alexandria, Minnesota). Two groups of unionid mussels were used in the study. Unionid mussels were collected near the test area, weighed, photographed, individually tagged, and randomly allocated to one of nine test enclosures in equal proportions and then divided into two groups. The first group of unionid mussels (Group 1, n = 5 per test enclosure) were indiscriminately selected from each test enclosure and used to estimate the number of zebra mussels adhering to unionid mussels prior to exposure. The second group of unionid mussels (Group 2, n = 22 per test enclosure) were used to evaluate the efficacy of SDP for removal of adhering zebra mussels. Both Group 1 and Group 2 mussels were used to evaluate the effects of SDP exposure on unionid mussel survival. Treatment was assigned to each test enclosure by using a randomized block design. The three treatment groups were tested in triplicate and included an untreated control group and groups that received a single application of 50 or 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of SDP based on active ingredient. All treatment concentrations are reported as active ingredient of SDP. Test enclosures were removed at the 8-hour exposure termination. Both Group 1 and Group 2 mussels remained in their assigned exposure location during the postexposure holding period. The number of zebra mussels adhering to Group 2 mussels (live and dead) was assessed 18 to 20 days postexposure in addition to assessing the survival of Group 1 and Group 2 unionid mussels. SDP, administered as a single treatment, significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the number of adhering zebra mussels when compared to the untreated controls. The number of zebra mussels adhering to unionid mussels (Group 2) was reduced 53 percent in the 50-mg/L treatment group and 68 percent in the 100-mg/L treatment group. The number of adhering zebra mussels did not differ (p = 0.79) between the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups after exposure. When standardized to the amount of SDP applied per square meter, each gram (g) of SDP applied in the 50-mg/L treatment reduced the number of adhering zebra mussel 59.8 percent more than the 100-mg/L treatment group. Group 1 mussel survival did not differ between treatment groups (p > 0.05); however, a difference was detected (p < 0.01) in the survival of Group 2 mussels. The survival of Group 2 mussels did not differ (p > 0.23) between control and treated groups. A difference in Group 2 mussel survival was detected (p = 0.03; odds ratio [OR] = 0.290) between the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups (that is, the survival was highest in the 50-mg/L treatment group and lowest in the 100-mg/L treatment group), however, the biological significance of the difference is indeterminate.
Keywords: biology

Safety of Spray-dried Powder Formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CL145A Exposure to Subadult/Adult Unionid Mussels During Simulated Open-water Treatments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1064 - Luoma, J. A.; Weber, K. L.; Waller, D. L.; Wise, J. K.; D. A. Mayer; Aloisi, D. B. (2015)
Keywords: biology

Safety of Spray-dried Powder Formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CL145A Exposure to Subadult/Adult Unionid Mussels During Simulated Open-water Treatments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1064 - Luoma, J. A.; Weber, K. L.; Waller, D. L.; Wise, J. K.; D. A. Mayer; Aloisi, D. B. (United States Geological Survey, 2015)
The exposure effects of a commercially prepared spray dried powder (SDP) formulation ofPseudomonas fluorescens (strain CL145A) on the survival of seven species of unionid mussels endemic to the Great Lakes and Mississippi River basins was evaluated in this study. The study exposures were completed within replicated 350-liter test tanks contained within a mobile bioassay laboratory sited on the shores of the Black River near La Crosse, Wisconsin. The test tanks were supplied with flowing, filtered river water which was interrupted during the exposure period. Two groups of seven species of mussels were used in equal proportions in the study. The first group was exposed to SDP for 8 hours, and the second group was exposed to SDP for 24 hours. Individually tagged mussels were randomly allocated to test tanks until all test tanks contained 8 to 10 mussels of each species (dependent upon the number available for testing). The experimental unit for the trial was the individual test tank, and treatment group was assigned using a randomized block design. The treatment groups for each exposure duration consisted of (1) an untreated control group, (2) a group that received an application of 50 milligrams SDP per liter (mg SDP/L), and (3) a group that received an application of 100 mg SDP/L. All mussel species and both exposure duration groups were exposed concurrently (that is, one-half of the mussels were removed after 8 hours of SDP exposure and the remaining mussels were removed after 24 hours of SDP exposure). All treatment concentrations are reported as active ingredient. After exposure, the mussels were consolidated into wire mesh cages and placed in the Black River for a 27-28 day postexposure period, after which time survival of mussels was assessed. Of the 1,170 mussels tested in the study, 3 were confirmed dead and 5 were not recovered and treated as mortalities in the analysis. The effect and interactions of species, SDP exposure concentration, and SDP exposure duration were analyzed and did not affect mussel survival (p > 0.98). The results from this study indicate that SDP exposure at the maximum approved open-water concentration of 100 mg/L for up to 3 times the maximum approved open-water exposure duration of 8 hours (in other words for 24 hours of exposure) is unlikely to reduce survival of subadult or adult mussels.
Keywords: biology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1809.39.101, Route 3, Culvert # C120003, Town of St. Armand, Essex County, New York - A. Lynch (2015)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Data Recovery Report of the Naima Site (NYSM #11658), including the Ebenezer Smith House Town of Smithtown, Suffolk County, New York - D. E. Mazeau (New York State Museum Cultural Resource Survey Program Series, 2015)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 0011.43.101, Northern State Parkway Exit Ramp 42N, Town of Huntington, Suffolk County, New York - D. E. Mazeau (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report for PIN 8812.14.101, the Wilbur Site (NYSM #12634), Town of Milan, Dutchess County, New York. - D. E. Mazeau (New York State Museum, 2015)

Bryophytes of Martha's Vineyard and Nomans Land, Massachusetts, USA - Miller, N. G.; Robinson, S. C. (Rhodora, 2015)
The bryoflora of Martha’s Vineyard and Nomans Land has received little organized study. However, these islands of 100 mi2 and 1 mi2, respectively, seven miles south of Cape Cod, are of considerable bryological interest. They are part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain and are located near the northern, largely submerged end of this physiographic province, which extends southward along the entire eastern coast of the United States. Late Pleistocene glaciers reached as far south as the Vineyard area, leaving behind massive deposits of terminal moraine and associated outwash that remained above sea level as islands when the sea transgressed landward at end of the Ice Age. The maritime climate of Martha’s Vineyard and Nomans Land is characterized by moderate temperatures throughout the year, and the islands lack large seasonal temperature variation typical of more continental regions. Thus, on the basis of these and other circumstances the bryoflora of the Vineyard and Nomans Land was expected to consist of an interesting mixture of southern and northern species, some of which potentially are at their range limits. Four visits to Martha’s Vineyard and one visit to Nomans Land resulted in 480 collections documenting 168 taxa (1 hornwort, 43 liverworts, and 124 mosses). Of these, 15 (11 1iverworts, and four mosses) are new records for Massachusetts. A list of the taxa found and brief descriptions of collecting sites are presented in two  appendices.

Cultural Resources Archaeological Monitoring Letter Report for PIN 3287.20.121 Fence Removal at the Robert Simmonds Site, Town of Lysander, Onondaga County, New York - Moragne, S. (New York State Museum, 2015)

Phase IB Cultural Resources Reconnaissance survey report for DEC Five Rivers Proposed Entrance Realignment, Village of Delmar, Albany County, New York - Moragne, S. (New York State Museum, 2015)

Investigating Devonian Trees as Geo-Engineers Of Past Climates: Linking Palaeosols to Palaeobotany and Experimental Geobiology - Morris, J. L.; Leake, J. R.; Stein, W. E.; Berry, C. M.; Marshall, J. E. A.; Wellman, C. H.; Milton, J. A.; Hillier, S.; Mannolini, F.; Quirk, J.; Beerling, D. J. (Palaeontology, 2015)
We present the rationale for a cross-disciplinary investigation addressing the ‘Devonian plant hypothesis’ which proposes that the evolutionary appearance of trees with deep, complex rooting systems represents one of the major biotic feedbacks on geochemical carbon cycling during the Phanerozoic. According to this hypothesis, trees have dramatically enhanced mineral weathering driving an increased flux of Ca2+ to the oceans and, ultimately, a 90% decline in atmospheric CO2 levels through the Palaeozoic. Furthermore, experimental studies indicate a key role for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil–plant processes and especially in unlocking the limiting nutrient phosphorus in soil via Ca-phosphate dissolution mineral weathering. This suggests co-evolution of roots and symbiotic fungi since the Early Devonian could well have triggered positive feedbacks on weathering rates whereby root–fungal P release supports higher biomass forested ecosystems. Long-standing areas of uncertainty in this paradigm include the following: (1) limited fossil record documenting the origin and timeline of the evolution of tree-sized plants through the Devonian; and (2) the effects of the evolutionary advance of trees and their in situ rooting structures on palaeosol geochemistry. We are addressing these issues by integrating palaeobotanical studies with geochemical and mineralogical analyses of palaeosol sequences at selected sites across eastern North America with a particular focus on drill cores from Middle Devonian forests in Greene County, New York State.
Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhiza; climate change; Devonian plant hypothesis; Devonian trees; land plant evolution; mineral weathering

Parasitoid Venom Induces Metabolic Cascades in Fly Hosts - Mrinalini; Siebert, A. L.; J. J Wright; Martinson, E.; Wheeler, D.; Werren, J. H. (Metabolomics, 2015)
Parasitoid wasps inject insect hosts with a cocktail of venoms to manipulate the physiology, development, and immunity of the hosts and to promote development of the parasitoid offspring. The jewel wasp Nasonia vitripennis is a model parasitoid with at least 79 venom proteins. We conducted a high-throughput analysis of Nasonia venom effects on temporal changes of 249 metabolites in pupae of the flesh fly host (Sarcophaga bullata), over a 5-day time course. Our results show that venom does not simply arrest the metabolism of the fly host. Rather, it targets specific metabolic processes while keeping hosts alive for at least 5 days post venom injection by the wasp. We found that venom: (a) activates the sorbitol biosynthetic pathway while maintaining stable glucose levels, (b) causes a shift in intermediary metabolism by switching to anaerobic metabolism and blocking the tricarboxylic acid cycle, (c) arrests chitin biosynthesis that likely reflects developmental arrest of adult fly structures, (d) elevates the majority of free amino acids, and (e) may be increasing phospholipid degradation. Despite sharing some metabolic effects with cold treatment, diapause, and hypoxia, the venom response is distinct from these conditions. Because Nasonia venom dramatically increases sorbitol levels without changing glucose levels, it could be a useful model for studying the regulation of the sorbitol pathway, which is relevant to diabetes research. Our findings generally support the view that parasitoid venoms are a rich source of bioactive molecules with potential biomedical applications.
Keywords: biology

Middle Devonian (Givetian) Sharks from Cairo, New York (USA): Evidence of Early Cosmopolitanism - Potvin-Leduc, D.; Cloutier, R.; E. Landing; L. VanAller Hernick; Mannolini, F. (Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 2015)
Whereas cosmopolitan distribution patterns are established for many Late Devonian vertebrates (e.g., placoderms, onychodontiforms), few palaeobiogeographic studies have considered chondrichthyans. Recent discoveries of shark material demonstrate that some chondrichthyans were cosmopolitan by the Middle Devonian. Abundant Givetian microremains have been recovered from the Cairo quarry in eastern New York State, USA. These include teeth of two shark species with Gondwanan affinities, the omalodontid Portalodus mannoliniae sp. nov. and the antarctilamnid Wellerodus priscus. Abundant teeth of P. mannoliniae sp. nov. are characterized by a smooth diplodont crown, polarized cusps, and a labially oriented base. The teeth demonstrate monognathic heterodonty. The juvenile morph is distinguished from the adult by smaller size, slender cusps, and variation in the shape of the base. W. priscus is represented by rare juvenile teeth. Two groups of scales that show affinity to material from northern (Spain) and East Gondwana (Antarctica) are tentatively attributed to the two described species. Antarctilamnid distribution suggests a north Gondwanan origin and a colonization of the margin of the landmass before dispersing to Laurentia by the Middle Devonian. This material further indicates that vertebrate global dispersal was initiated by the Middle Devonian, and emphasizes earlier palaeogeographic interpretations that the Middle Devonian “Hamilton fauna” of North American Laurussia originated in the Early Devonian in South American Gondwana.
Keywords: Antarctilamnidae; Chondrichthyes; Devonian; Elasmobranchii; North America; Omalodontiformes; ontogeny; palaeobiogeography; taxonomy

A New Wood Warbler Hybrid (Oreothlypis celata x O. ruficapilla) from the Adirondack Mountains, New York - Ralston, J.; Ermacor, D. A.; J. J. Kirchman (The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 2015)
The incidence rate of hybridization appears to be much higher for parulid warblers compared to other bird taxa. Over 50% of the species in this family have been reported to hybridize. Here, we report genetic and morphometric analysis of a suspected hybrid of a previously unreported species cross in the genus Oreothlypis, captured in a montane spruce-fir forest in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. We compared sequences of the mitochondrial ND2 and the nuclear Z chromosomal aconitase intron 9 to published warbler sequences to determine parentage, and compared plumage and morphology to museum specimens. ND2 sequence closely matched Orange-crowned Warbler (O. celata), while aconitase matched Nashville Warbler (O. ruficapilla). Because our specimen was a male and was homozygous for ruficapilla alleles at the Z chromosome, we determined the hybridization event occurred at least two generations ago. This suggests hybridization between these species produces viable offspring. Plumage of the warbler was nearly indistinguishable from pure Nashville Warbler specimens. A Principle Components Analysis of morphometric data showed the hybrid to be morphologically intermediate between the two parent species. This hybridization event occurred well outside of Orange-crowned Warblers' breeding distribution, a finding consistent with Hubbs' principle which states that hybridization is more likely when conspecifics are rare or unavailable. Our finding demonstrates the importance of specimen collecting and genetic methods in documenting aspects of natural history that may be cryptic or infrequent in nature.
Keywords: Adirondacks; hybridization; Oreothlypis; Parulidae; warbler

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1089.90.101, Archaeological Survey Report for Route 30, Town of Lexington, Greene County, New York - C. B. Rieth (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 1013.11, Route 42 over the Schoharie Creek, Town of Lexington, Greene County, New York - C. B. Rieth (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resources Site Examination of the Schoharie Creek III Site, Route 7/30A, Town of Schoharie, Schoharie County, New York - C. B. Rieth (2015)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Survey Report of PIN 1721.51.121, Tier IA Testing at the Engel Farm Precontact Site (NYSM # 12583), Exit 3 and 4 Reconstruction Town of Colonie, Albany County, New York - C. B. Rieth; D. E. Mazeau; Moragne, S.; A. Lynch; Dubuque, J.; Van Nest, J.; A. L. Kozlowski (New York State Museum, 2015)

Review of 'Social Archaeologist of Trade and Exchange: Exploring Relationships Among People, Places, and Things', edited by Alexander Bauer and Anna Agbe-Davies - C. B. Rieth (Anthropology Review Database, 2015)

The Vroman I Site (NYSM # 10146 and 10148) and The Vroman II Site (NYSM # 10147) for PIN 9125.05.121 Routes 30/30A Intersection and Vroman Corners Intersection Town of Schoharie, Schoharie County, New York - C. B. Rieth (Cultural Resource Survey Program Series, 2015)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Art for the People: Decorated Stoneware from the Weitsman Collection - J. L. Scherer (New York State Museum Memoir, 2015)
Keywords: New York; Pottery; Stoneware

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 7035.13.121 Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey for Intersection Improvement at Eddie Drive and NY 22, Plattsburgh, Clinton County, N.Y - V. A. Schmitt (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Architectural Survey for PIN 9806.80.101: Culver #C920157, Bainbridge, Chenango County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Architectural Survey for PIN 9806.80.101: Culver #C950090, Exeter, Otsego County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Architectural Survey Report for PIN 9806.81.101 (C950098), NY Route 80, Town of Edmeston, Otsego County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Architectural Survey Report for PIN 9806.81.101 (C950670), NY Route 28 and 30, Town of New Lisbon, Otsego County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (New York State Museum, 2015)

PIN 3043.65.121, Rehabilitation of BIN 4008540, US Route 11 over Oneida River, Towns of Cicero (MCD 06702) and Hastings (MCD 07507), Onondaga and Oswego Counties, New York, Volume II: Architecture - V. A. Schmitt (New York State Museum, 2015)

PIN 9806.81.101, Replacement or Repair of Culvert C950056, NYS Route 28, Town of Otsego (MCD 07716) Otsego County, New York Vol. II: Architecture - V. A. Schmitt (New York State Museum, 2015)

Combined Major and Trace Element Characterization of Tourmaline: Using EPMA to Address Elemental Fractionation by Laser Ablation - Singer, J. W.; M. V. Lupulescu (Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2015)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 9806.81.101, Large Culvert Replacement and Repair, Town of Worcester, Otsego County, New York - Sobik, C. (New York State Museum, 2015)

Site Examination for Various Sites including the Hale Eddy Heights Site, Hamlet of Hale Eddy, Town of Deposit, Delaware County, New York, PIN 9066.91.121 - Sobik, C. (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 9806.81.101, Replacement or Repair of Culvert C950090, NYS Route 51, Town of Exeter, Otsego County, New York - D. Staley (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 9806.81.101, Replacement or Repair of Culvert C950001, NYS Route 7, Town of Unadilla, Otsego County, New York - D. Staley (2015)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Brooktrout Lake Case Study -- Biotic Recovery from Acid Deposition 20 Years after the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments - Sutherland, J. W.; Acker, F. W.; Bloomfield, J. A.; C. W. Boylen; Charles, D. F.; Daniels, D. A.; Eichler, L. W.; Farrell, J. L.; R. S. Feranec; Hare, M. P.; Kanfoush, S. L.; Preall, R. J.; et al. (Environmental Science and Technology, 2015)
The Adirondack Mountain region is an extensive geographic area (26,305 km2) in upstate New York where acid deposition has negatively affected water resources for decades and caused the extirpation of local fish populations. The water quality decline and loss of an established brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis [Mitchill]) population in Brooktrout Lake were reconstructed from historical information dating back to the late 1880s. Water quality and biotic recovery were documented in Brooktrout Lake in response to reductions of S deposition during the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s and provided a unique scientific opportunity to re-introduce fish in 2005 and examine their critical role in the recovery of food webs affected by acid deposition. Using C and N isotope analysis of fish collagen and state hatchery feed as well as Bayesian assignment tests of microsatellite genotypes, we document in situ brook trout reproduction, which is the initial phase in the restoration of a preacidification food web structure in Brooktrout Lake. Combined with sulfur dioxide emissions reductions promulgated by the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, our results suggest that other acid-affected Adirondack waters could benefit from careful fish re-introduction protocols to initiate the ecosystem reconstruction of important components of food web dimensionality and functionality.
Keywords: biology

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2805.58.101, Rehabilitation of Stone Culvert # 089888, Village of Clinton, Town of Kirkland, Oneida County, New York - T. Thomas (New York State Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration, 2015)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Architectural Survey for PIN 9806.80.101, Route 28, Town of Middletown, Delaware County, New York - T. Thomas (2015)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Geoarchaeological Assessment for a Proposed Culvert Replacement near Bainbridge, Chenango County, New York (PIN 9806.80.101), NYS Route 206 Culvert # C920157 - Van Nest, J. (New York State Museum, 2015)

On a Winter's Night, All the Ice Came Down (1916) - C. A. Ver Straeten (Friends of Thatcher State Park, 2015)
Keywords: geology

Exposure-related Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) on Juvenile Unionid Mussels: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1066 - Weber, K. L.; Luoma, J. A.; D. A. Mayer; Aloisi, D. B.; Eckert, N. L. (United States Geological Survey, 2015)
The exposure-related effects of a commercially prepared spray-dried powder (SDP) or freeze-dried powder (FDP) formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain CL145A) on the survival of seven species of newly metamorphosed (<72 hours old) freshwater unionid mussels was evaluated. Forty unionid mussels of each species were randomly distributed to test chambers and each species independently exposed for 24 hours to a static dose of either SDP (four species: Lampsilis cardium, Lampsilis siliquoidea, Lampsilis higginsii, andLigumia recta) or FDP (three species: Obovaria olivaria, Actinonaias ligamentina, andMegalonaias nervosa). Each test chamber was assigned to one of six treatment groups (n = four chambers per group) by using a randomized block design. The six treatment groups included (1) an untreated control group, (2) groups that received applications with nominal target active ingredient (AI) concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 milligrams per liter (mg/L), and (3) a group that received an application with a nominal target AI concentration of 300 mg/L of heat-deactivated test article (300 HD). After a 24-hour exposure period, water inflow to the test chambers was restored, and the unionid mussels were maintained for an additional 7 days before they were assessed for survival. Mean survival of four unionid mussels species exposed to SDP varied among species and treatment groups when compared to the untreated control groups. The results indicate that exposure to SDP-formulated P. fluorescens up to the maximum label concentration (100 mg/L AI) and up to three times the maximum label exposure duration (8 hours) is not likely to affect the survival of L. siliquoidea and L. higginsii. Low mean survival in the L. recta control group (25.0 percent) indicates that results for L. recta should be interpreted with caution. Mean survival of the L. cardium was significantly lower in all treated groups (14.4 to 40.6 percent) compared to the control group (68.8 percent). These results indicate that further investigation on the impact of SDP-formulated P. fluorescens on L. recta and L. cardium is warranted. Mean survival of three unionid mussels species exposed to FDP was not significantly different in the 50-, 100-, and 200-mg/L AI treatment groups and the 300 mg/L heat-deactivated treatment groups when compared to the control groups. Mean survival of O. olivaria and M. nervosa was significantly lower in the 300-mg/L AI treated groups (38.1 and 48.1 percent, respectively) compared to the control groups (71.9 and 88.1 percent, respectively). The results indicate that exposure to FDP-formulated P. fluorescens up to the maximum label concentration (100 mg/L AI) and up to three times the maximum label exposure duration (8 hours) is not likely to affect the survival of O. olivaria, A. ligamentina, and M. nervosa.
Keywords: biology

Exposure-related Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) on Juvenile Unionid Mussels: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1066 - Weber, K. L.; Luoma, J. A.; D. A. Mayer; Aloisi, D. B.; Eckert, N. L. (2015)
The exposure-related effects of a commercially prepared spray-dried powder (SDP) or freeze-dried powder (FDP) formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain CL145A) on the survival of seven species of newly metamorphosed (<72 hours old) freshwater unionid mussels was evaluated. Forty unionid mussels of each species were randomly distributed to test chambers and each species independently exposed for 24 hours to a static dose of either SDP (four species: Lampsilis cardium, Lampsilis siliquoidea, Lampsilis higginsii, and Ligumia recta) or FDP (three species: Obovaria olivaria, Actinonaias ligamentina, and Megalonaias nervosa). Each test chamber was assigned to one of six treatment groups (n = four chambers per group) by using a randomized block design. The six treatment groups included (1) an untreated control group, (2) groups that received applications with nominal target active ingredient (AI) concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 milligrams per liter (mg/L), and (3) a group that received an application with a nominal target AI concentration of 300 mg/L of heat-deactivated test article (300 HD). After a 24-hour exposure period, water inflow to the test chambers was restored, and the unionid mussels were maintained for an additional 7 days before they were assessed for survival. Mean survival of four unionid mussels species exposed to SDP varied among species and treatment groups when compared to the untreated control groups. The results indicate that exposure to SDP-formulated P. fluorescens up to the maximum label concentration (100 mg/L AI) and up to three times the maximum label exposure duration (8 hours) is not likely to affect the survival of L. siliquoidea and L. higginsii. Low mean survival in the L. recta control group (25.0 percent) indicates that results for L. recta should be interpreted with caution. Mean survival of the L. cardium was significantly lower in all treated groups (14.4 to 40.6 percent) compared to the control group (68.8 percent). These results indicate that further investigation on the impact of SDP-formulated P. fluorescens on L. recta and L. cardium is warranted. Mean survival of three unionid mussels species exposed to FDP was not significantly different in the 50-, 100-, and 200-mg/L AI treatment groups and the 300 mg/L heat-deactivated treatment groups when compared to the control groups. Mean survival of O. olivaria and M. nervosa was significantly lower in the 300-mg/L AI treated groups (38.1 and 48.1 percent, respectively) compared to the control groups (71.9 and 88.1 percent, respectively). The results indicate that exposure to FDP-formulated P. fluorescens up to the maximum label concentration (100 mg/L AI) and up to three times the maximum label exposure duration (8 hours) is not likely to affect the survival of O. olivaria, A. ligamentina, and M. nervosa.
Keywords: biology

Evolutionary History of Venom Glands in the Siluriformes - J. J Wright (Evolution of Venomous Animals and Their Toxins, 2015)
The order Siluriformes represents a hyperdiverse group of fishes (>3,000 currently recognized species), which has been known to contain venomous species diversity for over 250 years. In spite of this historical knowledge, scientific examinations of the basic characteristics and evolutionary history of these species’ venom glands, and their products, have been extremely sparse compared to those of terrestrial venomous organisms, or even venomous fishes in general. Here, the current state of knowledge regarding the venom glands of catfishes and their products is examined in a review of morphological, pharmacological, and chemical studies of these structures. Several hypotheses regarding the evolution of siluriform venom glands are able to be drawn from the information contained in these studies as well as the limited work that has attempted to study the evolution of these structures in detail. These include selective scenarios to explain the secondary losses of venom glands in several catfish species and families, compositional variation in siluriform venom chemistry, and the derivation of venom glands from secretory cells of the epidermis. Future work directly addressing multiple issues of venom production and composition in catfishes is necessary before investigations of the evolution of siluriform venoms and delivery structures can reach the levels of detail and sophistication seen in other venomous groups. These studies will benefit greatly from the advent of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic methods, which have seen wide use in examinations of venoms produced by other taxa, but have yet to be widely applied to analyses of piscine venoms.
Keywords: Catfish; Crinotoxins; Defense; Epidermal; Proteins

Using a Novel Absolute Ontogenetic Age Determination Technique to Calculate the Timing of Tooth Eruption in the Saber-Toothed Cat, Smilodon fatalis. - Wysocki, M. A.; R. S. Feranec; Tseng, Z. J.; Bjornsson, C. S. (PLOS ONE, 2015)
Despite the superb fossil record of the saber-toothed cat, Smilodon fatalis, ontogenetic age determination for this and other ancient species remains a challenge. The present study utilizes a new technique, a combination of data from stable oxygen isotope analyses and micro-computed tomography, to establish the eruption rate for the permanent upper canines in Smilodon fatalis. The results imply an eruption rate of 6.0 millimeters per month, which is similar to a previously published average enamel growth rate of the S. fatalis upper canines (5.8 millimeters per month). Utilizing the upper canine growth rate, the upper canine eruption rate, and a previously published tooth replacement sequence, this study calculates absolute ontogenetic age ranges of tooth development and eruption in S. fatalis. The timing of tooth eruption is compared between S. fatalis and several extant conical-toothed felids, such as the African lion (Panthera leo). Results suggest that the permanent dentition of S. fatalis, except for the upper canines, was fully erupted by 14 to 22 months, and that the upper canines finished erupting at about 34 to 41 months. Based on these developmental age calculations, S. fatalis individuals less than 4 to 7 months of age were not typically preserved at Rancho La Brea. On the whole, S. fatalis appears to have had delayed dental development compared to dental development in similar-sized extant felids. This technique for absolute ontogenetic age determination can be replicated in other ancient species, including non-saber-toothed taxa, as long as the timing of growth initiation and growth rate can be determined for a specific feature, such as a tooth, and that growth period overlaps with the development of the other features under investigation.

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for the Town of Otsego, Otsego County, New York - L. J. Xinakes (2015)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for the Town of Otsego, Otsego County, New York - L. J. Xinakes (New York State Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration, 2015)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 9806.80.101, NYS Route 206 Culvert Replacement C920157, Town of Bainbridge, Chenango County, New York - L. J. Xinakes; N. L. Davis (New York State Museum, 2015)

Trilobite Biostratigraphy of the Stairsian Stage (upper Tremadocian) of the Ibexian Series, Lower Ordovician, Western United States - Adrain, J. M.; Westrop, S. R.; Karin, T. S.; E. Landing (Memoirs of the Associaiton of Australasian Palaeontologists, 2014)
New field collections from sections in western Utah and southeastern Idaho permit the development of a high resolution trilobite biostratigraphy for the northern Laurentian Lower Ordovician (upper Tremadocian) Stairsian Stage similar to that proposed previously for the overlying Tulean and Blackhillsian stages. Four zones recognised previously are replaced with 11 formally proposed zones, most of which are new in concept. The new zonal scheme in ascending order includes the 'Paraplethopeltis genacurva' Zone (replaces 'Paraplethopeltis Zone'/'Zone C'), 'Paraplethopeltis helli' Zone (new), 'Hystricurus zanderi' Zone (new), 'Rossaspis leboni' Zone (new), Unnamed Zone 1 (new), 'Bearriverops loganensis' Zone (new; contains much of the diversity previously assigned to 'Tesselacauda Zone'/'Zone E'), 'Bearriverops deltaensis' Zone (new), 'Bearriverops alsacharovi' Zone (new), 'Pseudoclelandia weymouthae' Zone (new), 'Pseudoclelandia cornupsittaca' Zone (new) and 'Pseudohystricurus obesus' Zone (new). The latter two zones were previously lumped as the 'Rossaspis superciliosa Zone'/'Zone F'. Four of the name bearers of the new zones, 'Paraplethopeltis helli' sp. nov., 'Hystricurus zanderi' sp. nov., 'Rossaspis leboni' sp. nov. and 'Pseudoclelandia weymouthae' sp. nov., are formally described.
Keywords: paleontology; Species diversity; Stratigraphic; Trilobites--Collectors and collecting; Trilobites--Type specimens

The Phylogeny and Revised Classification of Machaerotidae, the Tube-making Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cercopoidea) - Bell, A. J.; Svenson, G J.; J. R. Cryan (Systematic Entomology, 2014)
Machaerotidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cercopoidea) is a taxonomically small but morphologically diverse family of spittlebugs with approximately 115 described species in 31 genera and an exclusively Palaeotropical distribution. Results are presented of the first molecular phylogenetic investigation of Machaerotidae, examining relationships among the currently recognized subfamilies and tribes, as well as determining the phylogenetic placement of the genera Enderleinia Schmidt, Neuromachaerota Schmidt, Labramachaerota Bell & Cryan, and Kyphomachaerota Bell & Cryan. DNA nucleotide sequence data from eight loci (12s rDNA, 16s rDNA, 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, histone 2A, histone 3, wingless and NADH Dehydrogenase subunit 4) were analysed to reconstruct the phylogeny. The evidence generated in this study supports the following systematic conclusions: (i) Machaerotidae is a monophyletic family; (ii) Machaerotini, Hindoloidini (with the new inclusion of Kyphomachaerota), and Enderleiniini (excluding Kyphomachaerota and Apomachaerota Schmidt) are monophyletic tribes; (iii) the genus Apomachaerota was recovered as the most anciently diverged lineage of extant Machaerotidae, and a new subfamily (Apomachaerotinae subfam.n.), is proposed on the basis of its phylogenetic placement as sister lineage to all other extant Machaerotidae.
Keywords: biology

Surficial Geology of the Lyons Quadrangle, Wayne County, New York - B. Bird; A. L. Kozlowski (Map & Chart Series 79, 2014)

Cultural Resources Mapping of Markers along Veterans Memorial Highway, Whiteface Mountain, Essex County, New York - H. Brown (2014)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey Report for 8BOW.00.101 (BIN 1-04075-0), U.S. 209 over Rochester Creek, Town of Rochester, Ulster County, New York - J. S. Cardinal (2014)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2ST0.11, Replacement of Route 22 Culvert, Town of Winfield, Herkimer County, New York - J. S. Cardinal (2014)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

The Cicero Clay Pits, Onondaga County, New York - S. C. Chamberlain; M. V. Lupulescu; M. Hawkins (Rocks & Minerals, 2014)
Keywords: geology

Ultramafic/Mafic Rocks of the Pyrites Complex - J. R. Chiarenzelli; M. V. Lupulescu; Bailey, D. (Geology of the Northwestern Adirondacks and St. Lawrence River Valley, 2014)
Keywords: geology

Cultural Resources Archaeological Monitoring Report for Slope Failure Repair in a portion of the Crown Point Historic Site, Town of Crown Point, Essex County, New York. - B. R. Dale; A. Gore (2014)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of OGS Project Number 44795, Rehabilitation Main Entrance Gate and Visitor Entrance, Taconic Correctional Facility, Town of Bedford, Westchester County, New York - N. L. Davis (2014)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resoureces Reconnaissance Survey Report for Culvert Replacement, Town of Butternuts, Otsego County, New York - N. L. Davis (2014)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

The Fort Edward Village Site - N. L. Davis (Newsletter of the New York Archaeological Council, 2014)
Keywords: anthropology Cultural Resources

Monoecious Sycidium, and Other Charophytes, from the Middle Devonian of Eastern New York State, USA, with an Update on the Oldest Bisexual Plant - Feist, M.; L. VanAller Hernick (Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2014)
The charophyte flora of the Hamilton Group consists of both vegetative and reproductive organs. The external structure of Sycidium is elucidated by the discovery of antheridial shields at the surface of the utricle containing the oospore. The oldest representative of the genus, the Ludlowian (Upper Silurian) Sycidium siluricum (Ishchenko and Ishchenko) which presents the same complex structure, is thus featured as the oldest bisexual plant. Unknown in North America prior to the Lower Carboniferous, the discovery of Sycidium sp. 1 in the Givetian Hamilton Group provides precise evidence of the distribution of Sycidiaceae during the Middle Devonian. Besides Sycidium, the charophyte assemblage includes gyrogonites and oospores, as well as thallus remains; on the whole, the three orders of Charophyta are represented. The fine grey shales of the Plattekill Formation suggest an aquatic, non-detrital habitat, which was certainly suitable to charophyte vegetation. The preservation of delicate structures reflects an absence of transport during fossilization.
Keywords: Bisexuality; Charophytes; Devonian; New York state; Palaeoecology; Preservation

A New Record of Ringed Seal (Pusa hispida) from the Late Pleistocene Champlain Sea and Comments on Its Age and Paleoenvironment - R. S. Feranec; Franzi, D. A.; A. L. Kozlowski (Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2014)
Keywords: biology geology paleontology

Understanding specifics in generalist diets of carnivorans by analyzing stable carbon isotope values in Pleistocene mammals of Florida - R. S. Feranec; DeSantis, L. R. G. (Paleobiology, 2014)
Within ancient ecosystems, it is generally difficult to determine the specific diets of species from higher trophic levels, which in turn hinders our understanding of trophic relationships and energy flow through these systems. To better understand the ecology of taxa at higher trophic levels, we used analysis of tooth enamel stable carbon isotope values to infer the dietary preferences of Canis edwardii and Smilodon gracilis from the Leisey Shell Pit 1A (LSP 1A) and Inglis 1A, two Pleistocene localities in Florida. The goals of the analyses were to (1) determine whether these carnivorans specialized in particular prey types or maintained a generalist diet; (2) ascertain whether carbon isotope values support what was previously suggested about the ecology of these species; and (3) establish what ecological details of ancient food webs can be discovered by carbon isotope analyses at higher trophic levels. Results show that the sampled carnivoran carbon isotope values are distributed among suspected prey isotope values, suggesting that varied prey were taken at the study localities. Prey compositions were modeled for each carnivoran species by using Stable Isotope Analysis in R (SIAR). The modeled diets indicate that each studied carnivoran had a generalist diet; however, there are differences in how these taxa achieved dietary generalization. At the glacial Inglis 1A locality, sampled individuals of C. edwardii and S. gracilis show similar isotope values and modeled dietary prey proportions, although both carnivorans do show a preference for grazing prey species. The similar isotopic values, and calculated prey proportions, observed between these species may imply greater interspecific competition for food. At the interglacial LSP 1A locality, C. edwardii shows values similar to those observed at Inglis 1A. In contrast, the data for S. gracilis shows a preference for consuming browsing prey species. Further, its restricted range of carbon isotope values suggests that S. gracilis may have concentrated its feeding within a particular habitat. Examination of stable carbon isotope values among species at higher trophic levels reveals that some intricacies of ancient food webs can be discerned.
Keywords: biology paleontology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1805.81.123 and 1808.68.321, Archaeological Monitoring of Lake Champlain Bridge Construction and Restoration (New York Side), Town of Crown Point, Essex County, New York. - A. Gore (2014)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

An Analysis of the Aboriginal Ceramics from the Washington Square Mound Site, Nacogdoches County, Texas - J. P. Hart (Stephen F. Austin State University Center for Regional Heritage Research, James E. Corbin Papers in Archaeology, 2014)
This book is the thesis I wrote as part of my master’s degree program in geosciences at Northeast Louisiana University (NLU, now the University of Louisiana at Monroe) from which I graduated in May of 1982. My thesis committee consisted of Drs. Glen S. Greene, James E. Corbin, and Mervin Kontrovitz. By the fall of 1981 I had participated in three Stephen F. Austin State University (SFASU) Archaeological Field School seasons directed by Dr. Corbin at the Washington Square Mound Site in Nacogdoches, Texas—in 1979 as an SFASU undergraduate student and in 1980 and 1981 as Corbin’s teaching assistant. In 1979 and 1981 the field school included the excavation of burials, features 32 and 95, located within the Reavely-House Mound. I participated in the excavation of both, assisting with the shallow burial, feature 32 excavations in 1979, and with Corbin, excavated the deep shaft burial, feature 95, in 1981. These excavations took place prior to the enactment of the federal Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) and before the growth in appreciation by archaeologists of Native Americans’ sensitivities to disinterment of their ancestors’ remains. Included in the grave furniture of the two burials were 15 and 32 complete pottery vessels, respectively. Among the latter were bottles with engraved snake and sun-like designs that captured my imagination and persist there to this day. The 47 whole vessels from burial contexts, two other vessels, and over 6,000 sherds from non-burial contexts comprised the artifact assemblage I analyzed for my thesis. In the thesis I described three new tentative pottery types based primarily on the vessels recovered from the burials. I also provided summary statistics on the sherd collection and attempted to delineate temporal changes in the pottery at the site and place the Washington Square pottery within broader trends in Caddo pottery decoration. This thesis was the first publication on Washington Square. In 1998 Corbin and I published an article in the Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society that summarized excavations by the SFASU field school from 1979 through 1982 and the Texas Archaeological Annual Field School in 1985. By that time, Corbin had done research that expanded our knowledge about the site and impacts to it during the development of the City of Nacogdoches. In 2009 Perttula published an analysis of artifacts recovered from the site during the 1985 Texas Archaeological Society Field School in the Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society. In 2010, Perttula and colleagues published their documentation of the grave goods from Washington Square done as part of SFASU’s compliance with the NAGPRA. In that volume, published by SFASU Press, Perttula et al. provided detailed descriptions and color photographs of each pottery vessel and other items recovered from the graves including shell beads, shell pendent fragments, and a lithic cache. Selden’s 2010 master’s thesis provided a GIS-based analysis of Washington Square, which was summarized in a 2011 Caddo Archeology Journal article. Also in 2010 Pertulla and I published an article in the Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology that identified a Southeast Ceremonial Complex style zone in Northeast Texas based largely on Washington Square and the pottery vessels from Feature 95. What this thesis represents is a reflection of my training and thinking to that time. Those who know my body of work over the intervening 30-plus years may be surprised that I contextualized the thesis within a standard culture historic framework and that a large part of it is devoted to the formal description of new tentative pottery types. Much of my work over the past two decades has sought to highlight how such constructs are detrimental to explorations of the past. At this early stage of my career, however, I believed that the description of new types was the best way to communicate the uniqueness of the Washington Square pottery. Also at that time I was beginning to explore anthropological and archaeological theory and was quite taken by Marvin Harris’ (1979) book Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture. I attempted to integrate some of Harris’s concepts with those of Krieger (1944) and Rouse (1960) on types and modes, respectively, to which Corbin had introduced me. Whether I succeeded or not is open to debate, but what strikes me is that even at this early stage in my career I was concerned with variation in artifact form and its implications for understanding past human behaviors. What I remember most about the research and writing process is the firm yet gentle guiding hand of Jim Corbin. He was always willing to sit and discuss issues that were puzzling me, and I always walked away from those discussions with a better understanding of the issues at hand. I also remember how gracious Jim was in allowing me to transport from SFASU portions of the pottery collection at any given time to work on at NLU. Jim and I always planned to write a comprehensive publication on the Washington Square pottery, incorporating my work with analyses of collections made during later excavations. Various factors prevented us from doing so, and our plans to collaborate on such a publication ended with Jim’s untimely death in 2004. My own responsibilities at the New York State Museum have prevented me from pursuing our goal alone. What this volume does, then, is make available to a wider audience information on the pottery collection unearthed during the first three field seasons at the site. Washington Square is a critical site within the southwestern distribution of the pre-Contact Caddo sites and their distinctive material culture. Symbols on the fine-ware pottery vessels excavated from the two burials are key to understanding how fourteenth century A.D. Caddo people in Northeast Texas participated in broader Southeastern socio-religious traditions while maintaining their own distinctive identities (Hart and Perttula 2010). This thesis constituted a first step toward that understanding. I am grateful to Dr. Jerry Williams for suggesting and making possible the publication of this volume through SFASU Press. I am also grateful to Dr. Tim Perttula for sparking a renewed interest in me for Washington Square specifically and Caddo archaeology generally. Finally, I am forever in debt to Dr. Jim Corbin, who set me on the path to a lifetime of archaeological research.
Keywords: Caddo Indians; Ceramics; Texas

A Critical Assessment of Current Approaches to Investigations of the Timing, Rate, and Adoption Trajectories of Domesticates in the Midwest and Great Lakes - J. P. Hart (Reassessing the Timing, Rate, and Adoption Trajectories of Domesticate Use in the Midwest and Great Lakes, 2014)
The adoptions of maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the American Midwest remain critical lines of inquiry as the articles in this volume of Midwest Archaeologial Conference Inc. Occasional Papers amply demonstrate. Here I provide a critical assessment of current lines of investigation of crop adoptions and agricultural evolution. I argue that three changes are needed in order to build clearer understandings of these important issues: (1) the fuller integration of biological and social theories, (2) the adoption of probabilistic methods, and (3) the use of multiple lines of evidence.
Keywords: common bean; maize; midwestern North America; paleoethnobotany; Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays ssp. mays

A Model for Calculating Freshwater Reservoir Offsets on AMS-Dated Charred, Encrusted Cooking Residues Formed from Varying Resources - J. P. Hart (Radiocarbon, 2014)
The freshwater reservoir effect (FRE) hypothesis suggests that ancient carbon from aquatic organisms incorporated into AMS-dated charred, encrusted cooking residues on interior pottery walls produces old apparent radiocarbon ages. This hypothesis has been used primarily in northern European final Mesolithic contexts to explain 14C ages on cooking residues that are thought to be too old relative to 14C ages obtained on terrestrial samples, resulting in so-called freshwater reservoir offsets (FROs). More recently, the hypothesis has been cited in interpretations of 14C ages from residues in the North American Plains and elsewhere. This article presents a model using an Excel spreadsheet that allows calculation of FROs with varying inputs of dead carbon and aquatic and terrestrial resources.
Keywords: AMS dating; encrusted cooking residues; Freshwater Reservoir Effect; radiocarbon modeling

A Re-Evaluation of the Reliability of AMS Dates on Pottery Food Residues from the Late Prehistoric Central Plains of North America: Comment on Roper (2013) - J. P. Hart; Lovis, W. A. (Radiocarbon, 2014)
Ancient carbon reservoirs in freshwater bodies have the potential to introduce ancient carbon into charred cooking residues adhering to pottery wall interiors when aquatic organisms are parts of cooked resource mixes. This ancient carbon results in old apparent ages when these cooking residues are subjected to accelerator mass spectrometry dating, the so-called freshwater reservoir effect (FRE). Roper’s (2013) assessment of the FRE on 14C ages from cooking residue in the Central Plains is only the second such peer-reviewed regional assessment in eastern North America. Roper suggests that 13 of 23 14C ages on residue are too old as a result of ancient carbon from fish or leached from shell temper or old carbon introduced via maize nixtamalization. Herein, we re-assess Roper’s data set of 14C ages on cooking residues and annual plants and argue that she is mistaken in her assessment of the accuracies of 14C ages from residues. This outcome is placed in the context of the larger FRE literature.
Keywords: ancient carbon; cooking residue analysis; Fresh water reservoir effect; radiocarbon dating

Review of Maize: Origin, Domestication, and Its Role in the Development of Culture by Duccio Bonavia - J. P. Hart (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2014)
Keywords: ancient maize; crop history; maize; maize evolution; Zea mays ssp. mays

Cultural Resources Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2016.77.101, Route 12 Improvements, Town of Trenton, Oneida County, New York - S. Higgins; J. Ross (2014)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2016.77.101, Route 12 Improvements, Town of Trenton, Oneida County, New York - S. Higgins; J. Ross (2014)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Range Expansion and the Breakdown of Bergmann's Rule in Red-Bellied Woodpeckers (Melanerpes carolinus) - J. J. Kirchman; Schneider, K. J. (The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 2014)
Previous studies of northward expansion of breeding ranges of North American bird species have focused on correlated changes in climate and land-use, but very few studies have examined patterns of morphological change within the context of range expansion. We used data from museum specimens to examine geographic and temporal variation in body size of the Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus), a species undergoing dramatic range expansion. We plotted georeferenced occurrence data from Christmas Bird Counts (winter distributions going back to the year 1900), USGS Breeding Bird Surveys (summer distributions since 1966), and the holdings of twenty-six natural history museums (year-round distributions since 1867) to document the historic range of M. carolinus in decade increments. Christmas Bird Counts, but not museum specimens, indicate a trend of slow northward expansion beginning as early as the 1910s, and all data sets show rapid expansion to the north and west since the 1950s (average of 0.85° N latitude per decade and 1.06° W longitude per decade). Geographic variation in body size of specimens collected prior to the period of rapid expansion follows Bergmann's rule, with larger birds occurring in northern latitudes. This pattern breaks down in the sample of birds collected after the onset of rapid expansion, suggesting that warming temperatures since the 1950s have enabled northward range expansion in a species previously limited by cold. Birds collected at the northern boundary of their range before 1940 were larger than birds collected in recent decades from the same latitudes, further supporting the hypothesis that Red-bellied Woodpeckers have been released from a former ecological or physiological constraint in the face of climate warming.
Keywords: Bergmann's rule; Breeding Bird Survey; Christmas Bird Count; climate change; geographic variation; range expansion; Red-bellied Woodpecker

Middle Devonian Liverwort Herbivory and Antiherbivore Defence - Labandeira, C. C.; Trembly, S. L.; Bartowski, K. E.; L. VanAller Hernick (New Phytologist, 2014)
To test the extent of herbivory in early terrestrial ecosystems, we examined compression–impression specimens of the late Middle Devonian liverwort Metzgeriothallus sharonae, from the Catskill Delta deposit of eastern New York state. Shale fragments of field-collected specimens were processed by applying liquid nitrocellulose on exposed surfaces. After drying, the film coatings were lifted off and mounted on microscope slides for photography. Unprocessed fragments were photographed under cedarwood oil for enhanced contrast. An extensive repertoire of arthropodan-mediated herbivory was documented, representing three functional feeding groups and nine subordinate plant–arthropod damage types (DTs). The herbivory is the earliest occurrence of external foliage-feeding and galling in the terrestrial fossil record. Our evidence indicates that thallus oil body cells, similar to the terpenoid-containing oil bodies of modern liverworts, were probably involved in the chemical defence of M. sharonae against arthropod herbivores. Based on damage patterns of terrestrial plants and an accompanying but sparse body-fossil record, Devonian arthropodan herbivores were significantly smaller compared to those of the later Palaeozoic. These data collectively suggest that a broad spectrum herbivory may have had a more important role in early terrestrial ecosystems than previously thought.
Keywords: arthropod; external foliage feeding; galling; herbivore; Metzgeriothallus; New York state; oil body cells; piercing-and-sucking

Vanguard of a Revolution - Lander, D. R. (New York Archives Magazine, 2014)

Cultural Resources Architectural Report for PIN 1BOW.00.101, Replacement of NY 23 over Schoharie Creek, Village of Prattsville, Greene County, New York. - M.S. LoRusso (2014)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources HABS/HAER Report of Route 86 Bridge Spanning West Branch of the Ausable River, NYSDOT PIN 1161.19.101, Route 86/West Branch of the Ausable River, Town of Wilmington, Essex County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (2014)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources HABS/HAER report of the Earle and Vaughn Store 69 George Street, US 4/NY 149 Intersection Improvement, Village of Fort Ann, Washington County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (2014)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

A Cultural Resources Survey Report for An Architectural Survey of PIN 3806.81.101, NY 5 and US 20 Culvert over unnamed Creek, Town of Aurelius, Cayuga County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (2014)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Survey Report of OGS Project # 44795, Architectural Survey of Main Entrance Gate and Visitor Gate, Taconic Correctional Facility, Town of Bedford, Westchester County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (2014)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Paleoindian Occupations in Central New York - J. C. Lothrop; Bradley, J.W.; S. Winchell-Sweeney; M.H. Younge (Glacial Geology of Cayuga County of the Eastern Finger Lakes: Lakes, Lore and Landforms. Guidebook for 77th Annual Reunion of the Northeastern Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference, June 7-8, 2014, Auburn, New York, 2014)

Review of In the Eastern Fluted Point Tradition edited by Joseph A. M. Gingerich - J. C. Lothrop (Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 2014)
Keywords: anthropology

The Benson Mines, St. Lawrence County, New York: History of the Discovery, Mining, and Mineralogy of the Deposit - M. V. Lupulescu; Bailey, D. G.; M. Hawkins; Carl, J. D.; J. R. Chiarenzelli (Rocks & Minerals, 2014)
Keywords: geology

Geochemistry of Tourmaline from Some Adirondacks Locations: Indicator of the Host Environmen - M. V. Lupulescu; J. R. Chiarenzelli (Geology of the Northwestern Adirondacks and St. Lawrence River Valley, 2014)
Keywords: geology

Nasonia vitripennis Venom Causes Targeted Gene Expression Changes in Its Fly Host - Martinson, E. O.; Wheeler, D.; J. J Wright; Mrinalini; Siebert, A. L.; Werren, J. H. (Molecular Ecology, 2014)
Parasitoid wasps are diverse and ecologically important insects that use venom to modify their host's metabolism for the benefit of the parasitoid's offspring. Thus, the effects of venom can be considered an ‘extended phenotype’ of the wasp. The model parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis has approximately 100 venom proteins, 23 of which do not have sequence similarity to known proteins. Envenomation by N. vitripennis has previously been shown to induce developmental arrest, selective apoptosis and alterations in lipid metabolism in flesh fly hosts. However, the full effects of Nasonia venom are still largely unknown. In this study, we used high throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to characterize global changes in Sarcophaga bullata (Diptera) gene expression in response to envenomation by N. vitripennis. Surprisingly, we show that Nasonia venom targets a small subset of S. bullata loci, with ~2% genes being differentially expressed in response to envenomation. Strong upregulation of enhancer of split complex genes provides a potential molecular mechanism that could explain the observed neural cell death and developmental arrest in envenomated hosts. Significant increases in antimicrobial peptides and their corresponding regulatory genes provide evidence that venom could be selectively activating certain immune responses of the hosts. Further, we found differential expression of genes in several metabolic pathways, including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis that may be responsible for the decrease in pyruvate levels found in envenomated hosts. The targeting of Nasonia venom effects to a specific and limited set of genes provides insight into the interaction between the ectoparasitoid wasp and its host.
Keywords: enhancer of split; extended phenotype; parasitoid wasps; venom

Cultural Resources Pre-Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 0339.09, Pre-Reconnaissance Survey of Sagtikos/Sunken Meadow State Parkway, Town of Islip and Smithtown, Suffolk County, New York - D. E. Mazeau; M.S. LoRusso (2014)
Keywords: Cultural Resources