Bedrock Topography of Oswego County, New York - Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Bedrock Topography of Schuyler County, New York - Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Bedrock Topography of Tompkins County, New York - Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Drift Thickness of Oswego County, New York - Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Drift Thickness of Schuyler County, New York - Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Drift Thickness of Tompkins County, New York - Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Evaluating the Timing of Early Village Development in New York: More Dates from Classic New York Sites - Birch, J.; Manning, S. W; J. P. Hart; Lorentzen, B. (Radiocarbon, 2024)
Five sites in present-day New York have played important roles in archaeological narratives surrounding the development of settled village life in northeastern North America. Excavated in the mid-twentieth century, the Roundtop, Maxon-Derby, Sackett or Canandaigua, Bates, and Kelso sites include evidence related to the transition from semisedentary settlement-subsistence patterns during the twelfth through fourteenth centuries AD to those associated with fifteenth century and later settled Iroquoian villagers. Radiocarbon dates for each site were obtained early in the development of the method and again following the transition to AMS dating. Here, we present new or recently-published dates for these sites, combined with reliable existing dates in Bayesian models, including in some cases short tree-ring sequenced wiggle-matches on wood charcoal. Our results clarify the timing of each site’s occupation(s), revealing both continuity and discontinuity in the development of longhouse dwellings, sedentism, and the repeated re-use of some site locations over hundreds of years.
Keywords: AMS dating; Bayesian modeling; New York early villages

Bedrock Topography of Livingston County, New York - Blake, A.; Rogerson, J.; Frieman, R.A. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Drift Thickness of Livingston County, New York - Blake, A.; Rogerson, J.; Frieman, R.A. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Disturbance and diversity: Lichen species richness decreases with increasing anthropogenic disturbance - Boggess, L. M.; McCain, C. M.; Manzitto-Tripp, E. A.; Pearson, S. M.; Lendemer, J. C. (Biological Conservation, 2024)
Anthropogenic disturbance is rapidly increasing through habitat degradation, development, and deforestation. Gaps remain in understanding the effects of this disturbance on diverse and ecologically important organisms such as lichens. In North America, studies have focused on epiphytic macrolichens and catastrophic disturbance, largely ignoring microlichens and less severe disturbances. The Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis predicts these moderate disturbances will lead to higher species richness. Here we examine the effects of anthropogenic disturbance in the form of land management on overall lichen richness, including microlichens, and on the species richness of eight lichen functional groups. The study draws on a comprehensive data set of 872 species, in 208 one-hectare plots throughout the Southern Appalachian Mountains, a global biodiversity hotspot in eastern North America. A habitat quality index based on an established forestry metric was used as a proxy for anthropogenic disturbance and was quantified using a 10-part score including categories such as percent native tree canopy cover and degree of fragmentation. Linear models were used to compare habitat quality scores to overall species richness and to species richness of functional groups. Rather than following the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis, all groups uniformly follow a negative linear relationship: as disturbance increases, species richness decreases. This pattern held even for widely variable functional groups such as morphotype. Effective conservation of lichen richness should prioritize the maintenance of existing older, less-disturbed stands within large, contiguously forested areas.

Cultural Resource Site Examination Report: Nesting Osprey Precontact Site, Gill Site, and Cayuga and Seneca Canal Site, PIN 3076.23.121, New York State Route 5 and United States Route 20 over Seneca River, Town of Montezuma, Cayuga County, New York - H. Clark; B. R. Dale; D. E. Mazeau; J. S. Cardinal (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2024)

Phase 1 Archaeological Survey Report, New Sidewalk and Reinterment Area, Lake George Battlefield Park, Village of Lake George, Warren County, New York. - B. R. Dale (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2024)

Bedrock Topography of Niagara County, New York - Forgeng, H. M.; Alrubay, A. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Bedrock Topography of Yates County, New York - Forgeng, H. M.; Frieman, R.A. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Drift Thickness of Niagara County, New York - Forgeng, H. M.; Alrubay, A. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Drift Thickness of Yates County, New York - Forgeng, H. M.; Frieman, R.A. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Bedrock Topography of Erie County, New York - Frieman, R.A. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Bedrock Topography of Monroe County, New York - Frieman, R.A. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Bedrock Topography of Ontario County, New York - Frieman, R.A. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Drift Thickness of Erie County, New York - Frieman, R.A. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Drift Thickness of Monroe County, New York - Frieman, R.A. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Drift Thickness of Ontario County, New York - Frieman, R.A. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Bedrock Topography of Cattaraugus County, New York - Grasing, S.P. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Bedrock Topography of Cortland County, New York - Grasing, S.P. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Bedrock Topography of Wyoming County, New York - Grasing, S.P.; Blake, A.; Rogerson, J.; Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Drift Thickness of Cattaraugus County, New York - Grasing, S.P. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Drift Thickness of Cortland County, New York - Grasing, S.P. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Drift Thickness of Wyoming County, New York - Grasing, S.P.; Blake, A.; Rogerson, J.; Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Two new species of lichenicolous Arthonia (Arthoniaceae) from southeastern North America highlight the need for comparative studies of lichen parasites and their hosts - Hollinger, J. P.; Scott, P. A.; Lendemer, J. C. (The Bryologist, 2024)
Arthonia frostiicola and A. galligena are described as new to science based on collections from mountainous regions of southeastern North America. Arthonia frostiicola infects the saxicolous lichen Dirinaria frostii, producing emarginate black apothecia which erupt from within the host thallus. It is characterized by a dark hypothecium and 1-septate, obovoid ascospores which turn brownish and verruculose in age. It is known from five collections made in the southern Appalachian Mountains and Ozark Mountains in southeastern North America. Arthonia galligena produces galls in the thallus and apothecia of the corticolous lichens Lecanora masana and L. rugosella, and is apparently endemic to the high elevations of the southern Appalachian Mountains. It is characterized by a variably pigmented, pale to red-brown hypothecium and 2-septate, macrocephalic ascospores which turn brownish and verruculose in age. Keys to the species of Arthonia on Caliciales and Lecanoraceae are provided.
Keywords: biodiversity; endemism; host-parasite relationships; lichenicolous fungi; New taxa; taxonomy

Rust HUBB: DNA barcode-based identification of PuccinialesAbstract - Kaishian, P.; Layug, C. R. K.; Anderson, M.; Berg, D. R.; Aime, M. C. (IMA Fungus, 2024)
Rust fungi (Pucciniales, Basidiomycota) are a species-rich (ca. 8000 species), globally distributed order of obligate plant pathogens. Rust species are host-specific, and as a group they cause disease on many of our most economically and/or ecologically significant plants. As such, the ability to accurately and rapidly identify these fungi is of particular interest to mycologists, botanists, agricultural scientists, farmers, quarantine officials, and associated stakeholders. However, the complexities of the rust life cycle, which may include production of up to five different spore types and alternation between two unrelated host species, have made standard identifications, especially of less-documented spore states or alternate hosts, extremely difficult. The Arthur Fungarium (PUR) at Purdue University is home to one of the most comprehensive collections of rust fungi in the world. Using material vouchered in PUR supplemented with fresh collections we generated DNA barcodes of the 28S ribosomal repeat from > 3700 rust fungal specimens. Barcoded material spans 120 genera and > 1100 species, most represented by several replicate sequences. Barcodes and associated metadata are hosted in a publicly accessible, BLAST searchable database called Rust HUBB (Herbarium-based Universal Barcode Blast) and will be continuously updated.

Surficial and Subsurface Geology of Cayuga County, New York - A. L. Kozlowski; Backhaus, K. J.; Leone, J. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Terminal Ediacaran-Late Ordovician evolution of the NE Laurentia palaeocontinent: rift–drift-onset of Taconic orogeny, sea-level change, and ‘Hawke Bay’ onlap (not offlap) - E. Landing; Webster, M.; Bowser, S. S. (Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2024)
Rodinia breakup with late Ediacaran rifting defined a NE Laurentia triple junction (New York Promontory-Ottawa-Bonnechere aulacogen (OBA)-Quebec Reentrant). Rifting persisted to c. 510 Ma. The oldest passive margin shelf units (Forestdale, Moosalamoo) underlie a sandstone (Cheshire) commonly regarded as the oldest passive unit. Late Dyeran–Middle Cambrian rifting led to the oldest OBa sedimentation and formed the Franklin Basin (NW Vermont). Cambrian-Darriwillian shelf-slope facies are linked eustatically-not Taconic orogeny onset. Onlap and shelf carbonates are coeval with black slope mud; lowstand shelf unconformities with green, oxic slope mud. Early-middle Dyeran eustatic change defined slope units: 1) Browns Pond dysoxic/anoxic (d/a) interval with debrite cap (Holcombville Member, new); 2) Middle Granville oxic interval (new); and 3) lower Hatch Hill d/a interval. Our analysis leads to two controversial conclusions: (i) existence of the Dashwoods and other micro-continental blocks due to hyper-extension is not supported by cover sequences linking Laurentia to proposed Dashwoods areas (i.e., Green Mountains) and an arc origin of the type Dashwoods, and (ii) ‘Hawke Bay Event(s),’ widely interpreted as Cambrian global regressive event(s), is a local HST facies with shelf sand by-pass onto the Hatch Hill slope in its NE Laurentia type region.

Testing the salinity of Cambrian to Silurian epicratonic seas - Liu, Z.; Algeo, T. J.; Arefifard, S.; Wei, W.; Brett, C.; E. Landing; Lev, S. M. (Journal of the Geological Society, 2024)
Ancient epicratonic formations, which represent the bulk of pre-Jurassic sedimentary rocks, have been widely interpreted as marine deposits, but recently developed bulk-shale elemental proxies for paleo-watermass salinity (i.e., B/Ga, Sr/Ba, and S/TOC) have shown this inference to be frequently incorrect. Here, we use these proxies to test the salinity conditions of 22 representative shale and marl formations of early Cambrian to early Silurian age from five cratons (Laurentia, Avalonia, Baltica, Iran and South China) in the context of formation-specific paleogeographic and paleoclimatic reconstructions. Our dataset shows that around half of these formations were probably deposited under brackish or mixed brackish-marine conditions rather than fully marine conditions (as previously inferred), and that one of them represents a freshwater facies (previously interpreted as marine mainly on the basis of Cruziana traces). In most cases, the development of reduced-salinity conditions can be related to the coastal and/or humid climate belt setting in which the formation of interest was deposited. Our dataset also reveals systematically low Sr/Ba values (i.e., relative to modern brackish and marine facies), suggesting that seawater Sr concentrations were lower during the Early Paleozoic than in the modern. Our findings suggest that re-evaluation of the salinity characteristics of many ancient epicratonic shale and marl formations is necessary.

Historic American Engineering Record, NY Route 33A/Chili Avenue Bridge Spanning the Erie Canal, City of Rochester and Town of Gates, Monroe County, New York. - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2024)

Bedrock Topography of Steuben County, New York - Mundell, H.; Frieman, R.A. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Drift Thickness of Steuben County, New York - Mundell, H.; Frieman, R.A. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Phylogeny of the genus Loxospora s.l. (Sarrameanales, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota), with Chicitaea gen. nov. and five new combinations in Chicitaea and Loxospora - Ptach-Styn, Ł.; Guzow-Krzemińska, B.; Lendemer, J. C.; Tønsberg, T.; Kukwa, M. (MycoKeys, 2024)
Loxospora is a genus of crustose lichens containing 13 accepted species that can be separated into two groups, based on differences in secondary chemistry that correlate with differences in characters of the sexual reproductive structures (asci and ascospores). Molecular phylogenetic analyses recovered these groups as monophyletic and support their recognition as distinct genera that differ in phenotypic characters. Species containing 2’-O-methylperlatolic acid are transferred to the new genus, Chicitaea Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer and four new combinations are proposed: C. assateaguensis (Lendemer) Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer, C. confusa (Lendemer) Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer, C. cristinae (Guzow-Krzem., Łubek, Kubiak & Kukwa) Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer and C. lecanoriformis (Lumbsch, A.W. Archer & Elix) Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer. The remaining species produce thamnolic acid and represent Loxospora s.str. Haplotype analyses recovered sequences of L. elatina in two distinct groups, one corresponding to L. elatina s.str. and one to Pertusaria chloropolia, the latter being resurrected from synonymy of L. elatina and, thus, requiring the combination, L. chloropolia (Erichsen) Ptach-Styn, Guzow-Krzem., Tønsberg & Kukwa. Sequences of L. ochrophaea were found to be intermixed within the otherwise monophyletic L. elatina s.str. These two taxa, which differ in contrasting reproductive mode and overall geographic distributions, are maintained as distinct, pending further studies with additional molecular loci. Lectotypes are selected for Lecanora elatina, Pertusaria chloropolia and P. chloropolia f. cana. The latter is a synonym of Loxospora chloropolia. New primers for the amplification of mtSSU are also presented.
Keywords: Lichenised fungi; mtSSU; nuITS; phylogeny; RPB1; Sarrameanaceae; secondary metabolites; sorediate lichens; sterile lichens; taxonomy

Bedrock Topography of Allegany County, New York - Rogerson, J.; Blake, A.; Frieman, R.A.; Forgeng, H. M. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Drift Thickness of Allegany County, New York - Rogerson, J.; Blake, A.; Frieman, R.A.; Forgeng, H. M. (Map & Chart, 2024)

Architectural Survey of PIN 5110.16.101, ADA/Pedestrian Improvement Project, New York State Route 474, BIN 1029820 to Clymer Hill/Caflisch Roads, Town of Clymer, Chautauqua County, New York - V. A. Schmitt; A. Gore (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2024)

Structure Documentation: North Salem Stone Box Culvert, Small Culvert Replacement (Future C871009), New York State Route 116 over Tributary of Titicus River, Town of North Salem, Westchester County, New York - V. A. Schmitt; A. Gore (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2024)

Patterns and predictors of lichen rarity in a biodiversity hotspot - Vagle, G. L.; Lendemer, J. C.; Manzitto-Tripp, E. A.; McCain, C. M. (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2024)
Understanding the spatial distributions of rarity and diversity is crucial for both targeted conservation efforts and elucidating the mechanisms that underpin species richness patterns. Existing studies suggest local communities with greater species richness also hold higher numbers of low abundance species. Rarity hotspots at the global scale tend to be spatially divergent from species richness hotspots and differ among many taxonomic groups, but much less work has been done to understand rarity patterns at the regional scale. Here, we used a large-scale dataset of comprehensive lichen diversity from a global biodiversity hotspot in eastern North America to explore the relationships of rarity, species richness, and elevation, while also examining the key plot characteristics that support increased rarity within the system. We found a mid-elevation slump in lichen rarity, with increased rarity at low and high elevations, contrasting with the mid-elevation hump in species richness for lichens in the same system. Additionally, important plot-level predictors of rarity changed with elevation. Rocky, open habitats hosted increased levels of rarity at low elevations, and the highest, coldest plots at the high elevations also hosted increased levels of rarity. Our results illustrate a contrast between elevational patterns and important plot characteristics for lichen rarity and species richness, suggesting a need for separate, complementary conservation efforts to protect both areas with high species richness and areas with high numbers of rare species.

A CURE in traits and species distributions: Reproductive modes, range sizes, and natural history collections. - Allen, J.; Sharrett, S.; Denzer, E.; Lendemer, J. C. (QUBES Educational Resources, 2023)

Bedrock Topography of Genesee County, New York - Backhaus, K. J.; Alrubay, A. (Map & Chart, 2023)

Bedrock Topography of Seneca County, New York - Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2023)

Bedrock Topography of Wayne County, New York - Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2023)

Bedrock Topography of Wayne County, New York - Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2023)

Drift Thickness of Genesee County, New York - Backhaus, K. J.; Alrubay, A. (Map & Chart, 2023)

Drift Thickness of Seneca County, New York - Backhaus, K. J. (Map and Chart, 2023)

Drift Thickness of Wayne County, New York - Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2023)

Drift Thickness of Wayne County, New York - Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2023)

Surficial Geology of the Port Leyden 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Lewis and Oneida County, New York - Backhaus, K. J.; Forgeng, H. M. (Map & Chart, 2023)

Age and origin of the Cortlandt intrusive complex, New York State: A detailed look at the Stony Point and Rosetown plutons - Bailey, D.G.; M. V. Lupulescu; Chiarenzelli, J.R.; Conrey, R.M.; Wuebber, J.W.; Anders, M.H. (Results in Geochemistry, 2023)
The Cortlandt Complex is a classic alkaline intrusive complex exposed along the Hudson River in southeastern New York. Early work by James Dana in the 1880s set the stage for over 100 additional studies over the next century. Studies in the past few decades have focused on constraining the genetic relationships between phases of the intrusive complex and the timing of emplacement relative to peak metamorphism and deformation during the Taconic orogeny. LA-MC-ICP-MS U/Pb zircon emplacement ages were obtained on five samples from the Cortlandt Complex. The five samples yielded dates ranging from 443 to 454 Ma, with an overall weighted mean emplacement age of 447.1 +/- 4.5 Ma. Three of the five samples contained inherited zircons, nearly all of Mesoproterozoic age. A sample of the adjacent Annsville Phyllite contained a diverse population of detrital zircons. The most common ages are between 1.25 and 1.85 Ga, although zircons of Neoarchean age are also present. The westernmost and relatively small Rosetown and Stony Point plutons are lithologically and compositionally diverse. Major and trace element trends indicate a complex petrogenesis, which is supported by variable initial isotope ratios. The geochemical data indicate that the mafic magmas were derived primarily from an asthenospheric mantle source, while the inherited zircons and more radiogenic isotope ratios of the silicic units imply a significant crustal component was involved in their formation. The timing and composition of intrusions in the Cortlandt Complex indicate that they are not the result of subduction related to the Taconic Orogeny. We suggest that the mafic units are the result of post-collisional, slab-failure induced asthenospheric upwelling, while the silicic units are primarily partial melts of Grenville-age, garnet amphibolites in the lower crust.
Keywords: Cortlandt Complex; geochronology; Petrogenesis; Radiogenic isotopes; Taconic Orogeny; Whole-rock geochemistry

Marine strata of the middle to upper Hamilton Group (Middle Devonian, lower Givetian), eastern outcrop belt in New York State - Bartholomew, A.; C. A. Ver Straeten (Devonian of New York,, 2023)
Marine strata of the Middle Devonian Hamilton Group in eastern New York State consist of a thick succession of synorogenic basinal to shoreface sediments. Initial basinal dark to black shales grade upward through increasingly coarse, sand-dominated facies. Beginning in Marcellus (early Givetian-age) strata in the Hudson Valley, these marine facies grade upward and laterally into terrestrial strata. This major transition occurs diachronously with higher strata undergoing transition to terrestrial facies progressively further westward. Time-rock/allostratigraphic relationships in these rocks have long remained poorly understood. This chapter examines older and recent observations and presents new interpretations and hypotheses on the correlation of these strata. The purposes of this work are to: 1) better constrain the position of the marine to terrestrial transition in upper the Marcellus subgroup strata; 2) better constrain the contact “interval” of the marine Mount Marion-Panther Mountain formations; 3) present current knowledge and hypotheses about the Panther Mountain Formation; 4) discuss the presence of two intervals of unique fauna, each consisting of an epibole of the brachiopod Schizophoria King, 1850 in southern Albany County and northeastern Greene County together with correlation of these intervals southward into Ulster County; 5) discuss basal strata of the upper Hamilton Cooperstown Formation through Schoharie to Greene counties; and finally, 6) present an overview of development of the Hamilton Group between Kingston, Ulster County and Port Jervis, Orange County, where New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania meet. Methods utilized include reviews of older reports, new findings, sequence stratigraphy, correlation of distinct marker units, some faunal assessment (e.g., Schizophoria fauna intervals and other faunal associations, including a coral-rich bed), and some lithologic indicators of relative depths (e.g., thin, decimeter-scale conglomerates). The synthesis and resulting interpretations presented in this chapter are more tentative than in some chapters; however, the authors attempt herein to lay the groundwork for future research.

Surficial Geology of Columbia County, New York - Cadwell, D. H. (Map & Chart, 2023)

Surficial Geology of Dutchess County, New York - Cadwell, D. H. (Map & Chart, 2023)

Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of PIN 1236.29.101, New York State Route 29 at Rowland Street Intersection Safety Enhancements, Town of Milton, Saratoga County, New York - Cardinal, J.S. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2023)

Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of PIN 2807.02.101, Culvert Repair/Replace Project 20, New York State Route 26 Culverts C260194 and C260195, Town of Lee, Oneida County, New York - Dobbin, S.M. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2023)

Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of PIN 2LC1.31.101, Route 46 over Unnamed Creek (C270037), Town of Ava, Oneida County, New York - Dubuque, J. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2023)

Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 7807.13.321, New York State Route 458 Culvert Replacement, Town of Hopkinton, St. Lawrence County, New York - A. Gore (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2023)

Bedrock Topography of Orleans County, New York - Grasing, S.P.; Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2023)

Drift Thickness of Orleans County, New York - Grasing, S.P.; Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2023)

Effects of charring on squash (Cucurbita L) seed morphology and compression strength: Implications for paleoethnobotany - J. P. Hart (Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2023)
The primary crops of Indigenous agricultural systems in North America in the centuries prior to and following European colonization were maize (Zea mays ssp. mays), bean (Phaseolus spp.), and squash (Cucurbita spp.). Of these, charred maize is the best represented in macrobotanical assemblages from open-air sites in northeastern North America; macrobotanical assemblages in this region consist primarily of charred plant remains. Charred bean seeds generally occur in much lower quantities and charred squash seeds in lower quantities than charred bean seeds. Heating taphonomy experiments have been performed on maize kernels and bean seeds to determine the most likely temperature range for preservation in the archaeological record. Such studies have been lacking for squash seeds. A series of heating experiments with seeds harvested from fruits of three squash species indicate that unlike maize kernels and bean seeds, charring does not enhance squash seed preservation. The recovery of one or a few charred squash seeds from a site likely represents a high degree of use.
Keywords: Carbonization; Charring; Experimental archaeology; Squash seeds; Taphonomy

Human and dog Bayesian dietary mixing models using bone collagen stable isotope ratios from ancestral Iroquoian sites in southern Ontario - J. P. Hart (Scientific Reports, 2023)
Under the archaeological canine surrogacy approach (CSA) it is assumed that because dogs were reliant on humans for food, they had similar diets to the people with whom they lived. As a result, the stable isotope ratios of their tissues (bone collagen and apatite, tooth enamel and dentine collagen) will be close to those of the humans with whom they cohabited. Therefore, in the absence of human tissue, dog tissue isotopes can be used to help reconstruct past human diets. Here δ13C and δ15N ratios on previously published dog and human bone collagen from fourteenth-seventeenth century AD ancestral Iroquoian village archaeological sites and ossuaries in southern Ontario are used with MixSIAR, a Bayesian dietary mixing model, to determine if the dog stable isotope ratios are good proxies for human isotope ratios in dietary modeling for this context. The modeling results indicate that human dietary protein came primarily from maize and high trophic level fish and dogs from maize, terrestrial animals, low trophic level fish, and human feces. While isotopes from dog tissues can be used as general analogs for human tissue isotopes under CSA, greater insights into dog diets can be achieved with Bayesian dietary mixing models.

Resetting Archaeological Interpretations of Precontact Indigenous Agriculture: Maize Isotopic Evidence from Three Ancestral Mohawk Iroquoian Villages - J. P. Hart; S. Winchell-Sweeney (American Antiquity, 2023)
Archaeologists working in eastern North America typically refer to precontact and early postcontact Native American maize-based agriculture as shifting or swidden. Based on a comparison with European agriculture, it is generally posited that the lack of plows, draft animals, and animal manure fertilization resulted in the rapid depletion of soil nitrogen. This required Indigenous farmers to move their fields frequently. In Northern Iroquoia, depletion of soil fertility is frequently cited as one reason why villages were moved to new locations every 20 to 40 years. Recent analysis of δ15N ratios of maize macrobotanical remains from Northern Iroquoia, however, suggests that Iroquoian farmers were able to maintain soil nitrogen in their maize fields. An expanded analysis of maize kernel δ15N ratios from three ancestral Mohawk villages indicates that farmers from those villages maintained soil nitrogen throughout the occupational spans of their villages. It further suggests that precontact Iroquoian agronomy was consistent with contemporary conservation agriculture practices.

Social Network Analysis of Iroquoian Sites in the St. Lawrence River Valley: AD 1400–1600 - J. P. Hart; Birch, J.; Gates-St-Pierre, C. (Journal of Historical Network Research, 2023)
Relatively little is known from the sixteenth- and seventeenth-cen- tury AD ethnohistorical record about Iroquoian societies in the St Lawrence River Valley compared to the Huron-Wendat in southern Ontario and Haudenosaunee in New York. This is because Iroquoian villagers dispersed from the valley over the course of the sixteenth century. Here we use formal social network analysis to build on understandings of St. Lawrence Iroquoians’ socio-political interactions within and outside of the valley from AD 1400 to 1600. This analysis is based on pottery vessel decorations as signals of female membership in socio-political net- works. Results indicate valley-long coalitional networks that became looser at the end of the sixteenth century as St. Lawrence Iroquoians dispersed from the valley.

Updating the classic New York Lamoka Lake and Scaccia sites: refined chronologies through AMS dating and Bayesian modeling - J. P. Hart; Birch, J.; Manning, S. W; Lorentzen, B. (Radiocarbon, 2023)
The Lamoka Lake and Scaccia sites in present-day New York have played important roles in the development of archaeology in New York, and in the case of Lamoka Lake, in eastern North America. Lamoka Lake is the type site for the “Archaic” period in eastern North American culture history and the “Late Archaic” “Lamoka phase” in New York culture history. The Scaccia site is the largest “Early Woodland” “Meadowood phase” site in New York and has the earliest evidence for pottery and agriculture crop use in the state. Lamoka Lake has been dated to 2500 BC based on a series of solid carbon and gas-proportional counting radiometric dates on bulk wood charcoal obtained in the 1950s and 1960s. Scaccia has been dated to 870 BC based on a single uncalibrated radiometric date obtained on bulk charcoal in the early 1970s. As a result, the ages of these important sites need to be refined. New AMS dates and Bayesian analyses presented here place Lamoka Lake at 2962–2902 BC (68.3% highest posterior density [hpd])) and Scaccia at 1049–838 BC (68.3% hpd).
Keywords: AMS dating; Bayesian modeling; New York

Factors associated with extirpation of the last Northern Sunfish (Lepomis peltastes Cope, 1870) population in western New York State, USA - Haynes, J. M.; Sanderson-Kilchenstein, D.; Andres, J. A.; Carlson, D. M.; J. J Wright; B. R. Weatherwax; Rinchard, J. (Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 2023)
The Northern Sunfish (Lepomis peltastes Cope, 1870) is threatened in New York state, USA, but this was not the case before 1940 when the NY Biological Survey documented the species at scattered, specialized habitats in six watersheds in the central and western parts of the state. After 1940 the historic populations could not be detected, but a new population was discovered in 1974 in lower Tonawanda Creek and the nearby Erie Canal. Northern Sunfish, and a few of their hybrids with other Lepomis species, were caught at these locations during irregular sampling through 2009, but no Northern Sunfish were caught after 2009. The objectives of our study were to: (1) Determine the extent of Northern Sunfish hybridization with other Lepomis species, and (2) Evaluate how well identifications of Lepomis species and their hybrids agreed among field keys, morphometric measurements and meristic counts, and genetic methods. In 2013, we collected Northern Sunfish (descended from fish captured in lower Tonawanda Creek from 2006-2009) from NY State Department of Environmental Conservation rearing ponds, plus wild Green Sunfish (L. cyanellus Rafinesque, 1819), Pumpkinseed (L. gibbosus Linnaeus, 1758), Bluegill (L. macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819), and suspected Lepomis hybrids from lower Tonawanda Creek. Ultimately, 91 fish were identified using field keys, morphometric-meristic analysis, and mtDNA and nuclear DNA analysis. Assuming genetic analysis provided accurate identification, we found 7 Bluegill × Northern Sunfish, 8 Bluegill × Pumpkinseed, 13 Bluegill × Green Sunfish, and 3 Green Sunfish × Pumpkinseed hybrids in our sample (female parent listed second in these crosses). Keyed and morphometric-meristic identifications did not differ in accuracy and averaged 81% of genetic identification accuracy. After Northern Sunfish stocking (not in our study area) and sampling from 2008 to 2018 in several watersheds with appropriate habitat and no recaptures after 2014, we conclude that the Northern Sunfish is extirpated in western New York state.

Archaeology as Service: Introduction - Herr, S.A.; van der Linde, S.; C. B. Rieth (Advances in Archaeological Practice, 2023)
This article provides an introduction to the theme issue “Archaeology of Service.” We explore how performing service in archaeology articulates with the concepts and practices of community-based archaeology, collaborative archaeology, and the Archaeologies of the Heart projects and their larger purposes of approaching work through a lens of social and environmental justice. We introduce seven articles that describe working in communities around the world, including the Bininj of the Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation in the Northwest Territory of Australia; the Bunun of the Lakulaku River Basin in Taiwan; the Passamaquoddy Nation in Maine (USA); people from 21 First Nations in the province of Ontario, Canada; the diverse communities of Oklahoma (USA); the African American community in Bolivar, Texas (USA); and the people of San Cristóbal Island in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. The articles are tied together by the common theme of collaborative work that is built through relationships of trust and is conducted in ways that strive to change the institutional and educational structures in which archaeology is practiced.

Artifact NY: Industrial Sewing Machine - A Hopkins-Benton (New York History, 2023)

Molecular and phenotypic study put eastern North American Cetrelia in a global context of biogeography and phylogeny - Howland, J. W.; Lendemer, J. C. (The Bryologist, 2023)

A tectonic solution for the Early Cambrian palaeogeographic enigma - Keppie, D. F.; Keppie, J. D.; E. Landing (Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2023)
The Early Cambrian paleogeographic enigma arises when tectonic reconstructions are made using palaeoclimatic versus palaeomagnetic data that result in possibly contradictory tropical, mid-latitude, and south polar locations for major continents. For example, northwest Africa and Cadomia may have lain in a tropical zone (0° to +/−30° latitude) based on the presence of archaeocyath reefs, minor evaporites, and carbonate platforms at ca. 520 Ma +/− 5 Ma or, alternatively, northwest Africa and Cadomia may have lain in a south polar zone (90° to 60° south latitude) based on palaeomagnetic constraints. Greater Avalonia may have evolved independently from northwest Africa if a dropstone constraint implying polar latitudes at ca. 530 Ma and a palaeomagnetic constraint implying ca. 50° latitude at ca. 505 Ma are accommodated. We show here how counter-clockwise rotation of Gondwana during the Cambrian about an interior axis may solve the enigma. Gondwanan apparent polar wander becomes consistent with tropical conditions inferred for northwest Africa when adjusted to accommodate constraints placing the south pole near Peru for ca. 540–520 Ma. Concurrent counter-clockwise rotation of Baltica and Gondwana during the Middle Cambrian may have facilitated separation of Greater Avalonia from Baltica across dextral shear zones.

Genetic evidence for widespread population size expansion in North American boreal birds prior to the Last Glacial Maximum - Kimmitt, A. A.; Pegan, T. M.; Jones, A. W.; Wacker, K. S.; Brennan, C. L.; Hudon, Jocelyn; J. J. Kirchman; Ruegg, K.; Benz, B. W.; Herman, R.; Winger, B. M. (Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2023)
Pleistocene climate cycles are well documented to have shaped contemporary species distributions and genetic diversity. Northward range expansions in response to deglaciation following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; approximately 21 000 years ago) are surmised to have led to population size expansions in terrestrial taxa and changes in seasonal migratory behaviour. Recent findings, however, suggest that some northern temperate populations may have been more stable than expected through the LGM. We modelled the demographic history of 19 co-distributed boreal-breeding North American bird species from full mitochondrial gene sets and species-specific molecular rates. We used these demographic reconstructions to test how species with different migratory strategies were affected by glacial cycles. Our results suggest that effective population sizes increased in response to Pleistocene deglaciation earlier than the LGM, whereas genetic diversity was maintained throughout the LGM despite shifts in geographical range. We conclude that glacial cycles prior to the LGM have most strongly shaped contemporary genetic diversity in these species. We did not find a relationship between historic population dynamics and migratory strategy, contributing to growing evidence that major switches in migratory strategy during the LGM are unnecessary to explain contemporary migratory patterns.

Surficial Geology of the Esperance 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Montgomery, Schenectady and Schoharie Counties, New York - A. L. Kozlowski; Backhaus, K. J.; Forgeng, H. M. (Map & Chart, 2023)

The Neo-American Church - Lander, D. R. (Virginia Commonwealth University’s World Religions & Spirituality Project, 2023)

Psychedelic Refugee: The League for Spiritual Discovery, the 1960s Cultural Revolution, and 23 Years on the Run by Rosemary Woodruff Leary (review) - Lander, D. R. (New York History, 2023)

Discussion: The Terreneuvian MacCodrum Brook section, Mira terrane, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada: age constraints from ash layers, organic-walled microfossils, and trace fossils - E. Landing; G. Geyer (Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2023)
Exhaustive similarities in terminal Ediacaran–Ordovician cover sequences between tectonic inliers in the Appalachian–Caledonian (A–C) orogen define the Avalonian terrane from coastal northeast North America through southern Britain to Belgium. However, Barr et al. effectively block inclusion of the Mira belt (Mb) in Avalonia by masking a long-documented trans-Avalonian succession under locally defined lithostratigraphic names that prove to be confusing homonyms of themselves. Earlier revisions of Mira belt stratigraphy allow assignment of the Mira belt to a precise location in the Avalonian strike-slip regime—on the marginal–inner platform transition just as the northern Antigonish Highlands and southeast Burin Peninsula. The Mira belt is a tectonic inlier not a “terrane” in the A–C orogen.

Proposed Early Cambrian cephalopods are chimaeras, the oldest known cephalopods are 30 m.y. younger - E. Landing; Kroger, B.; Westrop, S. R.; Geyer, G. (Communications Biology, 2023)

U-Pb zircon dates from North American and British Avalonia bracket the Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary interval, with evaluation of the Miaolingian Series as a global unit - E. Landing; Schmitz, M. D.; Westrop, S. R.; Geyer, G. (Geological Magazine, 2023)
High-precision U-Pb zircon ages on SE Newfoundland tuffs now bracket the Avalonian Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary. Upper Lower Cambrian Brigus Formation tuffs yield depositional ages of 507.91 ± 0.07 Ma (Callavia broeggeri Zone) and 507.67 ± 0.08 Ma and 507.21 ± 0.13 Ma (Morocconus-Condylopyge eli Assemblage interval). Lower Middle Cambrian Chamberlain’s Brook Formation tuffs have depositional ages of 506.34 ± 0.21 Ma (Kiskinella cristata Zone) and 506.25 ± 0.07 Ma (Eccaparadoxides bennetti Zone). The composite unconformity separating the Brigus and Chamberlain’s Brook formations is constrained between these ages. An Avalonian Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary between 507.2 ± 0.1 and 506.3 ± 0.2 Ma is consistent with maximum depositional age constraints from southwest Laurentia, which indicate an age for the base of the Miaolingian Series, as locally interpreted, of ≤ 506.6 ± 0.3 Ma. The Miaolingian Series’ base is interpreted as correlative within ≤ 0.3 ± 0.3 Ma between Cambrian palaeocontinents, although its exact synchrony is questionable due to taxonomic problems with a possible Oryctocephalus indicus-plexus, invariable dysoxic lithofacies control of O. indicus and diachronous occurrence of O. indicus in temporally distinct δ13C chemozones in South China and SW Laurentia. The lowest occurrence of O. indicus assemblages is linked to onlap (epeirogenic or eustatic) of dysoxic facies. A united Avalonia is shown by late Early Cambrian volcanics in SW New Brunswick; Cape Breton Island; SE Newfoundland; and the Wrekin area, England. The new U-Pb ages revise Avalonian geological evolution as they show rapid epeirogenic changes through depositional sequences 4a–6.
Keywords: Lower Cambrian; Miaolingian; Middle Cambrian; Newfoundland; U-Pb dates

Crafting Freedom: The Life and Legacy of Free Black Potter Thomas W. Commeraw , and: Commeraw's Stoneware: The Life and Work of the First African-American Pottery Owner by A. Brandt Zipp (review) - J. A. Lemak (New York History, 2023)

Studies in Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi – No. 23: Notes on Appalachian taxa including newly reported disjunctions and multiple species new to North America - Lendemer, J. C. (Opuscula Philolichenum, 2023)
Arthonia ligniariella is reported for the first time from eastern North America based on a collection growing on lignum in North Carolina, U.S.A. Biatora appalachensis, an Appalachian endemic, is shown to be widespread throughout the Appalachian Mountains, primarily at high elevations. The only report of Fellhanera parvula from North America (Tennessee, U.S.A.) is considered to be F. bouteillei. Fellhanera subtilis, previously reported in North America from the Pacific Northwest, is reported for the first time from eastern North America (southern Appalachian Mountains). Gyalideopsis mexicana, previously reported in North America from the Yukon, Canada and New Mexico, U.S.A. is newly reported from eastern North America (southern Appalachian Mountains, North Carolina, U.S.A.). Lepra ouahensis, a sorediate species with lichexanthone and stictic acid, is reported from disjunct areas of the southern Appalachian Mountains and the Southeastern Coastal Plain. Its distribution is compared to the lichexanthone producing chemotypes of L. trachythallina and Varicellaria velata. Rockefellera crossophylla, a rare species considered extinct in Pennsylvania, U.S.A. is reported to be extant in that state. Psoronactis dilleniana is newly reported from North America from high elevations of the central and southern Appalachian Mountains (North Carolina and Virginia U.S.A.). Xenonectriella streimannii is newly reported for North America based on a collection found growing on Anaptychia palmulata in Georgia, U.S.A.
Keywords: Biodiversity hotspot; biodiversity inventory; Biogeography; floristics; natural history collections

Addendum Architectural Survey of PIN 5045.27.121, NY Route 104 and NY Route 93 Intersection Improvement Project, Towns of Cambria and Lockport, Niagara County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2023)

Architectural Survey of PIN 1810.91.121, SFY 2022 Culvert Program, New York State Route 22 Culvert C120069, Town of Essex, Essex County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2023)

Architectural Survey of PIN 5268.55.101, New York State Route 240: Boston Colden Road to Ellicott Road, Towns of Aurora and Colden, Erie County, New York - LoRusso, M.S. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2023)

Architectural Survey of PIN 5512.52.101, New York State Route 33, Kensington Expressway, City of Buffalo, Erie County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2023)

Architectural Survey of PIN 8814.88.121, NY Route 9D Breakneck Tunnel Lighting System Replacement, BIN 1006330, Town of Philipstown, Putnam County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2023)

The Behavior of Information: A Reconsideration of Social Norms - Loughmiller-Cardinal, J. A.; J. S. Cardinal (Societies, 2023)
Do social norms really matter, or are they just behavioral idiosyncrasies that become associated with a group? Social norms are generally considered as a collection of formal or informal rules, but where do these rules come from, and why do we follow them? The definition for social norm varies by field of study, and how norms are established and maintained remains substantially open to questions across the behavioral sciences. In reviewing the literature on social norms across multiple disciplines, we found that the common thread appears to be information. Here, we show that norms are not merely rules or strategies, but part of a more rudimentary social process for capturing and retaining information within a social network. We have found that the emergence of norms can be better explained as an efficient system of communicating, filtering, and preserving experiential information. By reconsidering social norms and institutions in terms of information, we show that they are not merely conventions that facilitate the coordination of social behavior. They are, instead, the objective of that social coordination and, potentially, of the evolutionary adaptation of sociality itself.
Keywords: cultural evolution; information; normative belief; social cognition; social institutions; social norms

Buried Beneath the City: An Archaeological History of New York by Nan A. Rothschild et al. (review) - Michael T. Lucas (New York History, 2023)

Enslavement and Autonomy in Late Eighteenth-Century Albany, New York - Michael T. Lucas; Kirk, Matthew (Historical Archaeology, 2023)
In 1998, Hartgen Archeological Associates, Inc., excavated the remains of the John Bogart House basement in downtown Albany, New York. Archaeologists found a small artifact-filled barrel buried below the floor adjacent to an interior dividing wall. Most striking were the number of sharp and modified objects within this barrel and elsewhere under the basement floor that were likely hidden or lost by enslaved African Americans who occupied the space during the late 18th century. Albany underwent a dramatic social and political transformation at the end of the 18th century, causing anxiety and tension with the city. Within this uncertain post-Revolutionary climate, Albany’s African American community expressed a measure of public autonomy through the Pinkster festival. At the same time, African Americans at the Bogart House were carefully curating multivalent objects to express personal autonomy and group identity in the face of often violent repression.

A Place for African American Agricultural Heritage: The Lives and Landscapes of the Powell Family of Watervliet - Michael T. Lucas (The Bulletin and Journal of the New York State Archaeological Association, 2023)

Xenocrystic zircon in Central New York State Kimberlites record Neoproterozoic disturbance of Grenville Basement rocks - M. V. Lupulescu; J. R. Chiarenzelli; C. M. Fisher; J.M. Hanchar; Bailey, D. G. (Lithos, 2023)

Archaeological Survey of PIN 1810.91.121, SFY 2022 Culvert Program, New York State Route 22 Culvert C120069, Town of Essex, Essex County, New York - A. Lynch (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2023)

Archaeological Survey of PIN 1LC1.01.101 Large Culvert Resiliency, New York State Route 9N Culvert C170029, Town of Hague, Warren County, New York - A. Lynch (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2023)

. Near the Marsh: CRSP Excavations at Three Sites in Montezuma, NY - D. E. Mazeau (New York Archaeological Council 2023 Newsletter., 2023)

Five new species of the genus Leucania Ochsenheimer in Central America (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) - T. L. McCabe; Adams, M. S. (Zootaxa, 2023)
Five new species of the noctuid genus Leucania in Central America are described: L. mopan Adams and McCabe, sp. nov., L. merga Adams and McCabe, sp. nov., L. championi Adams and McCabe, sp. nov., L. colorada McCabe and Adams, sp. nov., L. sororia McCabe and Adams, sp. nov. The internal genitalia are key to resolving the taxonomy in this genus; in particular, the morphology of the male everted endophallus (vesica) and the female bursa copulatrix jointly resolve taxonomic confusion among cryptic species near L. albifasciata, L. oaxacana and L. humidicola. We recognize the valvular pore plate and the "poma" (bubble-like structure at base of valvae) as generic synapomorphies for Leucania. Lappets (inflatable pouches on the outer aspect of the valvae) are newly described. Descriptions and color illustrations of the imagos, male valvae, everted endophalli, and the female bursae copulatrix are provided for all newly described species and selected congeners to aid identification. Additional nomenclatorial actions are: Leucania complicata Strecker, 1898 rest. stat.; Leucania februalis Hill, 1924 syn. nov., a junior synonym of L. humidicola; Leucania elephas Troubridge 2020 syn. nov., a junior synonym of L. humidicola.

Cultural Resources Screening Addendum for Archaeological Sensitivity, PIN 5512.52.101, New York State Route 33, Kensington Expressway, City of Buffalo, Erie County, New York - D. E. Merwin (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2023)

Cambrian microfossils from the High Atlas, Morocco: Taxonomic, biostratigraphic, palaeobiogeographic, and depositional significance of the Brèche à Micmacca limestone beds - Mghazli, K.; Lazreq, N.; Geyer, G.; E. Landing; Boumehdi, M. A.; Youbi, N. (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2023)
Diverse helcionelloid molluscs, probable polychaetes, and sclerites of other metazoan groups are described from the Brèche à Micmacca Member at section Le IX in the Lemdad syncline in the High Atlas, southern Morocco. The collections include more than 3,000 specimens and complement earlier described faunal assemblages from this interval. The new material includes 21 species of 13 genera, with 15 helcionelloid species (or forms), one supposed orthothecid hyolith, and 5 pseudopelagielliform species. They record a relatively limited amount of biotic change through the Morocconus notabilis and Ornamentaspis frequens trilobite biozones in the Souss Basin. Eotebenna cf. papilio Runnegar and Jell1976, is the first record of the genus in Africa and West Gondwana. Dorispira? lemdadensis n. sp., Yochelcionella longituba n. sp., and Yochelcionella gracilituba n. sp. are proposed. The Le XI associations are compared with those from other localities of the Brèche à Micmacca Member in terms of their biostratigraphic and palaeoecological implications. The assemblages include forms that are similar to those from coeval faunas from the Siberian Platform, North China, Australia, and Laurentia (SNAL) and assist in interregional and continental biostratigraphic correlation and the understanding of palaeogeographic connections. This study concludes that Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary interval trilobites and small shelly fossils comprise a West Gondwanan assemblage (i.e., Morocco, Iberia, Saxo-Thuringia) that differs from palaeogeographically distant coeval faunas from tropical SNAL regions.

Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 7SUP.02.121, Jefferson County Bridge Bundle, Site 3: BIN 1010150 NY 12E over Kent’s Creek, Site 4: BIN 1010100 NY 12E over Perch River, Site 7: BIN 1000470 NY 3 over Stony Creek, Towns of Cape Vincent, Brownville, - Moragne, S. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2023)

Specimen collection is essential for modern science - Nachman, Michael W.; Beckman, Elizabeth J.; Bowie, Rauri CK; Cicero, Carla; Conroy, Chris J.; Dudley, Robert; Hayes, Tyrone B.; Koo, Michelle S.; Lacey, Eileen A.; Martin, Christopher H.; McGuire, Jimmy A.; Patton, James L.; et al. (PLOS Biology, 2023)
In a recent Perspective, Byrne [1] emphasized that natural history museums “are essential hubs for research and education” but that their mission should be reimagined to focus on nonlethal collecting. We endorse many of the practices advocated by Byrne, including the storage of tissues, recordings, photos, and other data; embracing new technologies such as massively parallel DNA sequencing, μCT scanning, and stable isotope analysis; and large-scale digitization of collections and associated metadata. Indeed, many of these practices are widely used by museums today. We also welcome the call to provide stable financial support to maintain and expand the infrastructure of existing collections. However, we do not support the call to use new technologies “to replace the need for whole animal bodies.” Byrne’s position overstates the potential of new technologies to replace specimen-based research and fails to acknowledge the importance of whole-organism–based research in building the foundations of modern biology and in continuing to promote new discoveries.

Responses of native freshwater mussels to remediation to remove polychlorinated biphenyl‐contaminated sediments in the upper Hudson River - Newton, T. J.; D. A. Mayer; Rogala, J. T.; Madden, S. S.; Gray, B. R. (Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 2023)
The Hudson River, New York, was contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from two manufacturing plants over a period of approximately 30 years, and PCBs are still present in sediment and biota today. The river provides habitat for a variety of plants and animals, including native freshwater mussels. A remediation programme, consisting of dredging followed by the placement of backfilled sediment and/or a subaqueous cap, was initiated in 2009 to remove PCB-contaminated sediments, and managers were concerned about how remediation could affect the mussels. Quantitative surveys were conducted across nine reaches (pools) to estimate species composition, density, population size, population structure, and ecosystem services of mussel assemblages, pre- and post-remediation. Surveys were stratified into remediated areas (targeted for dredging) and non-remediated areas (not targeted for dredging). Pre-remediation, the river contained a low diversity, and high, but variable, density of mussels that were strongly dominated by Elliptio complanata. The presence of few fresh dead mussels indicates low natural mortality. Frequent recruitment by many species, varied length classes, and high biomass also support robust assemblages that perform important ecosystem services, such as biofiltration. Remedial activity removed most of the mussels and the associated services that they perform: their density was reduced by 83% and their filtration capacity was reduced by 93%, relative to non-remediated areas. Areas that were remediated were almost devoid of adult mussels, but the presence of small mussels indicates that natural recolonization is occurring. However, it is unknown whether these assemblages will persist. As mussels are generally long lived and slow growing, natural recovery is anticipated to be slow, in the order of decades.

Terrorism in American Memory: Memorials, Museums, and Architecture in the Post-9/11 Era by Marita Sturken (review) - Noble, A. (New York History, 2023)

A Well Regulated Militia: Citizen, Soldier, and State (review) - Noble, A. (New York History, 2023)

Native New York (review) - Gwendolyn W Saul (New York History, 2023)

Description of the Pre-Settlement Larvae of Sphoeroides spengleri (Pisces: Tetraodontidae) - Schmidt, R. E.; J. J Wright; McMullin, E. R. (Southeastern Naturalist, 2023)
<text class="ArticleContentText"> We verified pre-settlement Sphoeroides spengleri (Bandtail Puffer) larvae by genetic sequencing and herein describe their morphology and pigmentation. The lead author collected the specimens on a North Carolina beach among stranded Sargassum, which may represent the first record of this species in the Sargassum community along the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Cleared and stained specimens exhibited a declivitous vertebral column that has been reported in few other members of the Tetraodontiformes. </text>

Architectural Survey of PIN 1810.91.121 Culvert C150116 Repair/Replacement, US Route 4, Town of Saratoga, Saratoga County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2023)

Architectural Survey of PIN 2807.02.101, Culvert Repair/Replace Project 20: CINs 260194 & 260195, New York State Route 26, Town of Lee, Oneida County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2023)

Historic American Engineering Record, Route 11 Bridge over the Oneida River - V. A. Schmitt (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2023)

Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of PIN 5814.65.101, Windfall Road over Thorpe Hollow Creek (BIN 6600230), Town of Carrollton, Cattaraugus County, New York - D. Staley (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2023)

The Motorcycle Industry in New York State, Second Edition: A Concise Encyclopedia of Inventors, Builders, and Manufacturers - G. Stein; Utter, B. L. (Excelsior Editions, 2023)
The Motorcycle Industry in New York State is the first book to focus on the over 120-year history of motorcycle construction in the Empire State. Beginning with experimental motorized bicycles in the 1890s, New York's motorcycle industry experienced its golden years for innovation and production in the 1900s and 1910s. From that promising start, the state's motorcycle industry declined, when the public adopted automobiles for everyday transportation. However, since the late twentieth century, the rise of custom, one-of-a-kind motorcycles has brought a new focus toward the industry. Also, a new effort to reach mass production comes in the form of e-motorcycles and e-bicycles that are being designed in New York. The first edition, published in 2001, was the product of nine years of research by New York State Museum (NYSM) curator Geoffrey N. Stein. This second edition has been revised and updated by NYSM Senior Historian and Curator Brad L. Utter. For anyone who loves motorcycles or for those enthusiasts/collectors that wish to know more about these unique makers and the bikes that they created, The Motorcycle Industry in New York State is the ideal companion.

Rooting Portions of a Young Pseudosporochnalean from the Catskill Delta Complex of New York - Stein, W.E.; Berry, C. M.; L. VanAller Hernick; Mannolini, F. (International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2023)
Premise of research. Pseudosporochnales (Cladoxylopsida) were conspicuous elements of the Earth’s earliest forests. Recent evidence has done much to clarify basic aspects of the pseudosporochnalean architecture, but important questions remain about the developmental processes responsible for growth from juvenile individuals to trees of sometimes considerable size. Methodology. Presented here is combined compression/permineralization evidence of a young member of the group from a late Devonian (early Frasnian) locality also containing Eospermatopteris (Wattieza), currently the largest reconstructed pseudosporochnalean tree. Standard pyrite preparations were made and analyzed with reflected light. Pivotal results. The anatomically preserved portion of the trunk with an expanded base lacking a central vascular column shows abundant evidence of appendages with apparent rooting function supplied by traces comprised of primary and often secondary xylem. Traces arise within parenchyma near the trunk center and follow lax courses with multiple divisions outward and downward to the surface, finally enveloping the plant base for some distance. In the upper portion of the specimen, likely near the transition between the base bearing rooting appendages and the aerial shoot, the traces form a vascular plexus toward the periphery of the stem, with the bulk of vascular tissues comprising secondary xylem. Similar but differently oriented vascularization also occurs near the base. Conclusions. Here we hypothesize a unique form of “bipolar” development in this specimen, and potentially all pseudosporochnaleans, by means of a trunk base bearing an appendicular system of positively geotropic rooting appendages. In addition, we hypothesize that diffuse meristematic activity of the base plus the vascular plexus may have a previously unrecognized role in the development of pseudosporochnaleans from the small specimen observed here to large body size. We also suggest that this tissue offers an explanation for the enigmatic genus Xenocladia known from tissue fragments of large size found in coeval marine sediments of New York State. Given current incomplete understanding of development within the Pseudosprochnales, considering the rooting system as sui generis confers the advantage of adequate description of this organ, without necessarily specifying correspondence or homology with other groups.

Dedication: To Dr. Lawrence (Larry) V. Rickard - C. A. Ver Straeten (Devonian of New York, Volume 1: Introduction and Přídolí to lower Givetian (Upper Silurian to Middle Devonian) stages, 2023)

Devonian of New York, Volume 1: Introduction and Přídolí to lower Givetian (Upper Silurian to Middle Devonian) stages - C. A. Ver Straeten; Over, D. J.; Woodrow, D. (Bulletins of American Paleontology, 2023)
The Devonian strata in New York State were the standard section for North America for over 100 years, and remain a significant reference for regional to global correlation and research. Since publication of L. V. Rickard’s (1975) New York Devonian correlation chart, various higher-resolution stratigraphic analyses have been employed, sometimes at bed-by-bed scale. These include sequence-, bio-, event-, chemo-, and other -stratigraphic approaches, along with increasingly finer-resolution geochronologic dating of airfall volcanic tephras. Results have led to many new interpretations and insights of the succession. The purpose of this three-volume work is to produce a new Devonian stratigraphic synthesis for New York State, and to record, often in detail, current knowledge of the succession, and various other geologic and paleontologic aspects of it for current and future research and discussion. The purpose of this chapter is to provide overviews of the Devonian Period, the Devonian of North America (“Laurentia”), the Devonian of eastern Laurentia, and the Devonian of New York State. Furthermore, this review extends beyond the sedimentary rock and paleobiological record, and beyond the United States, Canada, and northern Mexico, to also summarize aspects of Devonian orogenesis, metasedimentary foreland basin fill, silicic igneous activity, complexities of terranes of Mexico and Central America, and Appalachian faunas that extended into South America. The Devonian Period as a whole encompasses 60 million years of time, approximately 419 to 359 million years ago. During that time, shallow seas covered large continental areas; climate was warmer globally than our current climate, during the late stage of a global greenhouse climate. By the end of the Devonian, that warm climate was descending into a time of global icehouse conditions, with widespread glaciation. The positions of modern continental masses were much different. During the Devonian Period, Life first fully colonized the land, led by primitive spore-bearing plants, small arthropods, and apparently by the Middle Devonian, the first tetrapod (“four-legged”) animals, which evolved from bony fishes. Decimeter-tall plants at the beginning of the period had evolved to tree-size forms by the Middle Devonian, approximately 30 million years later, and Earth’s first forest ecosystems arose. Devonian strata are widespread around the ancient continent “Laurentia,” which approximately corresponds to modern North America). At that time, Laurentia straddled the equator, with New York State and the Appalachian region somewhat north of 30° south latitude. Shallow epicontinental seas covered large but varying amounts of the continent over the period. Mountain belts formed on the eastern, northern, and western margins of Laurentia, due to plate tectonic collisions with smaller continental masses, exotic terranes, and volcanic island arcs. Through the Early to Middle Devonian, seas in western and eastern Laurentia were separated by a “transcontinental arch,” and generally had distinctly different marine faunas. In the latest Middle Devonian, sea level transgressed over the land barrier of the Laurentian Transcontinental Arch and the Canadian Shield, and those marine faunas mixed, leading to a more global cosmopolitan fauna in the Late Devonian. Anomalously, however, Early and Middle Devonian Laurentian shallow marine faunas are found in Devonian rocks in Central and South America, which were part of the southern Gondwana continent, generally thought to be separated from Laurentia by oceanic water depths at that time. During the Devonian, eastern Laurentia was an active tectonic margin, related to continent-continent collisions with various terranes/smaller continental masses. The Caledonian, Acadian, and Neoacadian orogenies resulted in compressional and some transpressional tectonics, and the uplift of an extensive mountain belt from east Greenland to Alabama and Georgia. Crustal loading of the orogen in eastern Laurentia led to subsidence and formation of a retroarc Acadian-Neoacadian Foreland Basin, which was initially filled with marine waters, followed by gradual overfilling to above sea level by massive volumes of synorogenic sediments from the east. The resulting lands were the site of some of the earliest forests on Earth, preserved at several sites in New York State, and forest ecosystems. Large-scale deformation, seismic activity, and metamorphism in the mountain belt were accompanied by igneous processes, including explosive eruption of felsic volcanic ash and other material, collectively termed “tephra,” also sometimes termed ash or tuff layers, or if diagenetically altered, sometimes termed bentonite, K-bentonite, metabentonite, or tonstein layers. These explosive Devonian eruptions sent volcanic tephra high into the atmosphere, and easterly winds spread airfall volcanic “tephra layers” across the eastern United States. Meanwhile, rock decay in the mountains led to the erosion, transport, and deposition of massive volumes of clays, silt, sand, and gravel into the Acadian-Neoacadian Foreland Basin, and beyond. Devonian rocks in New York are found at or just below the surface across approximately 40% of the state (~50,500 km²/19,500 mi²). The strata are generally undeformed and gently dipping, and while often covered by soil, glacial sediments, and vegetative cover, are relatively widely found in natural and man-made exposures. Three relatively thin intervals of carbonates are accompanied by eastward thickening wedges of synorogenic mudrocks, sandstones, and minor conglomerates. The history of geological and paleontological observation and study in New York began in the late 18th century. The first professional geologists appeared in the early 19th century. Since the advent of the first geological survey of New York State in 1836, the Devonian Period (nearly termed the “Erian Period” for New York’s Devonian-age rocks) has been the focus of a great volume of research which continues today. The Devonian succession in New York includes strata from all seven stages of the period, with erosional gaps of small to major significance. In addition to a range of marine facies, nearly one quarter of the entire area of Devonian bedrock in the state was deposited in terrestrial settings, with massive volumes of siliciclastic sediments shed off of Acadian-Neoacadian highlands to the east, that also feature the fossils of Earth’s oldest known forest ecosystems. The stratigraphic philosophy in New York has long evolved toward a hybrid classification, wherein groups, formations, and bed-level units are largely time-rock/allostratigraphic to occasionally chronostratigraphic, with lithostratigraphy often ascribed to member-level divisions (e.g., Pragian to Givetian strata, middle Lower to upper Middle Devonian). However, in some intervals, such as Frasnian strata (lower Upper Devonian), group-level units are time-rock units, and formation-level units within groups are largely lithostratigraphic. Forty-eight years of research since Rickard’s (1975) New York Devonian correlation chart permits development of a new, more refined chart (forthcoming), and also permits a new synthesis of Devonian rocks and fossils in New York, presented in this work of twelve chapters, with additional digital appendices.

Devonian of New York, Volume 2: Lower to upper Givetian (Middle Devonian) stage - C. A. Ver Straeten; Over, D. J.; Woodrow, D. (Bulletins of American Paleontology, 2023)

Devonian of New York, Volume 3: Frasnian to Famennian (Upper Devonian) stages and the Devonian terrestrial system in New York - C. A. Ver Straeten; Over, D. J.; Woodrow, D. (Bulletins of American Paleontology, 2023)

The Devonian terrestrial system of New York - C. A. Ver Straeten (Devonian of New York,Volume 3: Frasnian to Famennian (Upper Devonian) stages and the Devonian terrestrial system in New York, 2023)
Late 18th to early 19th century reports on the rocks of the Catskill Mountains in eastern New York were followed by over 180 years of geological and paleobiological studies of the Devonian terrestrial succession, in the state and up and down eastern North America. Yet, nearly 230 years later these estimated ca. 2.4 km- (1.5 mi-) thick, homogenous strata remain a largely unknown frontier in many ways. Studies of Devonian terrestrial strata in New York over the last century include two different stratigraphic frameworks. The first, by George Chadwick (1930s–1940s), focused on the Catskill Front to the vicinity of Slide Mountain, highest peak in the Catskills. The second, by Fletcher and Rickard in the 1960s to mid-1970s, attempted to create a broader, more geographically inclusive chronostratigraphic nomenclature throughout the entire Catskills outcrop belt. Recent work indicates that in the field this latter model, based on thick lithosomes of red and gray rocks and conglomerates, is problematic. It can be seen as representing a “second draft” stratigraphic framework, in need of additional work and refinement. At this time, however, too little is known as to how to better ground the existing stratigraphy, or to propose a sound alternate stratigraphic framework for the Catskills succession. Other major foci in the Devonian terrestrial of New York include paleobotany (1950s–today), petrography (1960s–1980s), fluvial systems (1970s–1990s), and terrestrial arthropods (1980s–2000s). Broader paleobiological studies, in part associated with the Red Hill site in northern Pennsylvania, burgeoned in the 1990s and continue today. Recent Catskills terrestrial research of impact is perhaps largely paleobiological and includes the first complete Eospermatopteris (“Gilboa”) tree, mapping of wellpreserved forest floors, and increasing research on paleosols. Difficulties in research of Devonian terrestrial strata in New York include: the lateral discontinuity of terrestrial facies and the lack of documented, distinctive marker beds for correlation; little biostratigraphic and geochronologic control; extensive cover in sometimes rugged terrain; too few researchers, and a need for greater cross-disciplinary perspectives and communication. The purpose of recent and ongoing research by the author is multifold. First to systematically gather various data, such as event deposits, petrography, detrital zircon dating, and palynological biostratigraphy, top to bottom through the succession, initially in the classic Catskill Front to the vicinity of Slide Mountain, in the New York State Department of Conservation “Slide Mountain Wilderness” of the Catskill Park. Second within that succession, to better document depositional history, provenance, and biostratigraphy, and to know the succession more closely. Through this, the larger goal is to test the existing stratigraphic framework and try to ground that stratigraphy in the regional rock record better, or to develop a new stratigraphic framework. Key issues that remain largely unresolved in Devonian terrestrial strata of New York include: lack of a well-tested, viable, and correlatable stratigraphic framework; a general lack of chronostratigraphic data from palynological/microvertebrate biostratigraphy and radiometric ages from altered air fall volcanic tephra beds; and no systematic documentation of the vertical Catskill succession. Other future studies could include lateral, interstate/province comparisons of variations in provenance/drainage evolution along the Acadian (Acadian-Neoacadian) Foreland Basin and its subbasin known as the Appalachian Basin, via petrography, detrital mineral dating and other methods.

An introduction to the Devonian Period and the Devonian in New York State and North America - C. A. Ver Straeten (Devonian of New York, Volume 1: Introduction and Přídolí to lower Givetian (Upper Silurian to Middle Devonian) stages, 2023)
The Devonian strata in New York State were the standard section for North America for over 100 years, and remain a significant reference for regional to global correlation and research. Since publication of L. V. Rickard’s (1975) New York Devonian correlation chart, various higher-resolution stratigraphic analyses have been employed, sometimes at bed-by-bed scale. These include sequence-, bio-, event-, chemo-, and other -stratigraphic approaches, along with increasingly finer-resolution geochronologic dating of airfall volcanic tephras. Results have led to many new interpretations and insights of the succession. The purpose of this three-volume work is to produce a new Devonian stratigraphic synthesis for New York State, and to record, often in detail, current knowledge of the succession, and various other geologic and paleontologic aspects of it for current and future research and discussion. The purpose of this chapter is to provide overviews of the Devonian Period, the Devonian of North America (“Laurentia”), the Devonian of eastern Laurentia, and the Devonian of New York State. Furthermore, this review extends beyond the sedimentary rock and paleobiological record, and beyond the United States, Canada, and northern Mexico, to also summarize aspects of Devonian orogenesis, metasedimentary foreland basin fill, silicic igneous activity, complexities of terranes of Mexico and Central America, and Appalachian faunas that extended into South America. The Devonian Period as a whole encompasses 60 million years of time, approximately 419 to 359 million years ago. During that time, shallow seas covered large continental areas; climate was warmer globally than our current climate, during the late stage of a global greenhouse climate. By the end of the Devonian, that warm climate was descending into a time of global icehouse conditions, with widespread glaciation. The positions of modern continental masses were much different. During the Devonian Period, Life first fully colonized the land, led by primitive spore-bearing plants, small arthropods, and apparently by the Middle Devonian, the first tetrapod (“four-legged”) animals, which evolved from bony fishes. Decimeter-tall plants at the beginning of the period had evolved to tree-size forms by the Middle Devonian, approximately 30 million years later, and Earth’s first forest ecosystems arose. Devonian strata are widespread around the ancient continent “Laurentia,” which approximately corresponds to modern North America). At that time, Laurentia straddled the equator, with New York State and the Appalachian region somewhat north of 30° south latitude. Shallow epicontinental seas covered large but varying amounts of the continent over the period. Mountain belts formed on the eastern, northern, and western margins of Laurentia, due to plate tectonic collisions with smaller continental masses, exotic terranes, and volcanic island arcs. Through the Early to Middle Devonian, seas in western and eastern Laurentia were separated by a “transcontinental arch,” and generally had distinctly different marine faunas. In the latest Middle Devonian, sea level transgressed over the land barrier of the Laurentian Transcontinental Arch and the Canadian Shield, and those marine faunas mixed, leading to a more global cosmopolitan fauna in the Late Devonian. Anomalously, however, Early and Middle Devonian Laurentian shallow marine faunas are found in Devonian rocks in Central and South America, which were part of the southern Gondwana continent, generally thought to be separated from Laurentia by oceanic water depths at that time. During the Devonian, eastern Laurentia was an active tectonic margin, related to continent-continent collisions with various terranes/smaller continental masses. The Caledonian, Acadian, and Neoacadian orogenies resulted in compressional and some transpressional tectonics, and the uplift of an extensive mountain belt from east Greenland to Alabama and Georgia. Crustal loading of the orogen in eastern Laurentia led to subsidence and formation of a retroarc Acadian-Neoacadian Foreland Basin, which was initially filled with marine waters, followed by gradual overfilling to above sea level by massive volumes of synorogenic sediments from the east. The resulting lands were the site of some of the earliest forests on Earth, preserved at several sites in New York State, and forest ecosystems. Large-scale deformation, seismic activity, and metamorphism in the mountain belt were accompanied by igneous processes, including explosive eruption of felsic volcanic ash and other material, collectively termed “tephra,” also sometimes termed ash or tuff layers, or if diagenetically altered, sometimes termed bentonite, K-bentonite, metabentonite, or tonstein layers. These explosive Devonian eruptions sent volcanic tephra high into the atmosphere, and easterly winds spread airfall volcanic “tephra layers” across the eastern United States. Meanwhile, rock decay in the mountains led to the erosion, transport, and deposition of massive volumes of clays, silt, sand, and gravel into the Acadian-Neoacadian Foreland Basin, and beyond. Devonian rocks in New York are found at or just below the surface across approximately 40% of the state (~50,500 km²/19,500 mi²). The strata are generally undeformed and gently dipping, and while often covered by soil, glacial sediments, and vegetative cover, are relatively widely found in natural and man-made exposures. Three relatively thin intervals of carbonates are accompanied by eastward thickening wedges of synorogenic mudrocks, sandstones, and minor conglomerates. The history of geological and paleontological observation and study in New York began in the late 18th century. The first professional geologists appeared in the early 19th century. Since the advent of the first geological survey of New York State in 1836, the Devonian Period (nearly termed the “Erian Period” for New York’s Devonian-age rocks) has been the focus of a great volume of research which continues today. The Devonian succession in New York includes strata from all seven stages of the period, with erosional gaps of small to major significance. In addition to a range of marine facies, nearly one quarter of the entire area of Devonian bedrock in the state was deposited in terrestrial settings, with massive volumes of siliciclastic sediments shed off of Acadian-Neoacadian highlands to the east, that also feature the fossils of Earth’s oldest known forest ecosystems. The stratigraphic philosophy in New York has long evolved toward a hybrid classification, wherein groups, formations, and bed-level units are largely time-rock/allostratigraphic to occasionally chronostratigraphic, with lithostratigraphy often ascribed to member-level divisions (e.g., Pragian to Givetian strata, middle Lower to upper Middle Devonian). However, in some intervals, such as Frasnian strata (lower Upper Devonian), group-level units are time-rock units, and formation-level units within groups are largely lithostratigraphic. Forty-eight years of research since Rickard’s (1975) New York Devonian correlation chart permits development of a new, more refined chart (forthcoming), and also permits a new synthesis of Devonian rocks and fossils in New York, presented in this work of twelve chapters, with additional digital appendices.

Lower Middle Devonian (Eifelian–lower Givetian) strata of New York State: The Onondaga Formation and Marcellus Subgroup - C. A. Ver Straeten; Brett, C. E.; Baird, G. E.; Bartholomew, A. J.; Over, D. J. (Devonian of New York, Volume 1: Introduction and Přídolí to lower Givetian (Upper Silurian to Middle Devonian) stages, 2023)
Lower Middle Devonian strata (Eifelian to lower Givetian stages) of New York are identified under the names Onondaga and Marcellus. As has been New York practice for over 80 years, they represent time-significant allostratigraphic units, which to some degree cut across lithologic boundaries. The Onondaga Formation is a relatively tabular, limestone-dominated unit throughout New York. Strata thin from both east and west into more basinward facies in the central part of the state. In contrast, the (revised) “Marcellus subgroup” forms an eastward-thickening and coarsening wedge of siliciclastic-dominated facies. Marcellus-equivalent strata range in thickness from less than seven meters in the western New York subsurface to an estimated maximum thickness of 580 meters in the Hudson Valley, eastern New York. Few stratigraphic revisions have been proposed for the Onondaga Formation since 1975, beyond minor revisions to two members associated with the abandonment of the informal, former Clarence member, chert-rich facies in western New York. In contrast, the term “Marcellus” has been raised in New York State from formation to subgroup status, with three formation-level units: a lower Union Springs and coeval upper Marcellus Oatka Creek and Mount Marion formations. The latter two represent correlative basinal dark shales and proximal dark shales to shoreface sandstones, respectively. Overall, following Cooper’s classic 1930s stratigraphy of one formation with 11 members, 13 members are now recognized in the Marcellus subgroup; two in the Union Springs Formation and 11 in the upper Marcellus Oatka Creek and Mount Marion succession. Onondaga and Marcellus strata form three third-order depositional sequences, which feature three very distinct faunas. The sequences, termed Devonian Sequences Ic, Id, and Ie (alternatively Eif-1, Eif-2, and Eif-Giv) consist, respectively of 1) lower to middle Onondaga; 2) upper Onondaga and Union Springs; and 3) coeval Oatka Creek and Mount Marion formations, except where upper Mount Marion strata are not yet clearly distinguished form lower Skaneateles equivalents in eastern New York. The fossil assemblages of the Eifelian to lower Givetian have been subdivided into three “faunas” or ecological-evolutionary subunits. The oldest of the three faunas, the Onondaga Fauna, is succeeded by the Stony Hollow Fauna in shallow facies of the upper Union Springs and lowermost Mount Marion-Oatka Creek formations. The Stony Hollow Fauna is, in turn, succeeded by the classic Middle Devonian Hamilton Fauna throughout the remainder of upper Marcellus strata and Hamilton strata above. Numerous post-1970 studies have examined the stratigraphy, petrology, sedimentology, basin analyses, paleobiology, and geochemical characters of the Onondaga Formation and Marcellus subgroup. Overviews of these studies are presented herein. In the Appalachian Basin, the correlatives of these units across have been assigned the same names, Onondaga and Marcellus, in eastern Pennsylvania. More argillaceous Onondaga-correlative strata form the upper part of the Needmore Formation from central Pennsylvania to the vicinity of Highland and Pocahontas counties, in Virginia and West Virginia, respectively (Selinsgrove to the informal “calcareous shale and limestone” members). Continuing southwest along the Virginia-West Virginia border, Onondagacorrelative strata are replaced by chert and shale-dominated strata in the upper part of the Huntersville Formation. South of New York in the Appalachian Basin, the term “Marcellus” is applied lithostratigraphically, not allostratigraphically, so that lowest strata assigned the term Marcellus may variously range from lower Eifelian (middle Onondaga-equivalent, e.g., Frankstown, Pennsylvania) to correlative with the base of the Marcellus in New York. Similarly, youngest strata assigned to the Marcellus in Pennsylvania and southward may range from upper Eifelian Union Springs-equivalent (below proximal sandstones of the Turkey Ridge Member, central Pennsylvania) to lower Givetian, post-Marcellus black shales correlative with at least the Skaneateles Formation of New York in distal, basinward areas. From Highland County, Virginia, and adjacent West Virginia to the southwest, Marcellus strata are assigned to the lower part of the Millboro Shale, Finally, in southwestern Virginia and adjacent West Virginia, strata termed Marcellus in New York occur in lower parts of an interval sometimes termed “New Albany Shale” but shown by their correlation to be equivalent to upper Onondaga or lower Marcellus strata, based upon airfall volcanic tephras.

The Port Jervis, Oriskany, Esopus, and Schoharie formations, and equivalents: Pragian and Emsian strata of New York - C. A. Ver Straeten (Devonian of New York, Volume 1: Introduction and Přídolí to lower Givetian (Upper Silurian to Middle Devonian) stages, 2023)
Middle to upper Lower Devonian strata in New York are comprised of seven formations, in four distinct vertical packages. They were deposited over an interval of approximately 18.2 million years. The lowest strata (lower Pragian-age Port Jervis Limestone) occur only in the Tristates area, southeastern New York. Overlying upper Pragian-age units are the largely co-eval Oriskany Sandstone, Glenerie Cherty Limestone, and Connelly Conglomerate. Overlying synorogenic siliciclastics of the Esopus Formation (lower Emsian-age) are restricted to eastern to east-central New York. Overlying upper Emsian strata of the correlative Schoharie and Bois Blanc formations comprise mixed siliciclastic-carbonate and carbonate strata, respectively, with some quartz arenites, especially across central New York. These New York units, and their correlatives across the Appalachian Basin outcrop belt, areexamined and summarized. In nearly all of New York, some to all of these strata are absent at an erosional unconformity. The Tristates area at the meeting of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania is the only area of the outcrop belt where deposition was continuous through this time. To the overall north and west, a major Paleozoic sea level lowstand Å} crustal flexure during the Acadian orogeny led to development of an amalgamated series of unconformities, focused around the sub-Oriskany Wallbridge Unconformity. Maximum development of the unconformity in New York occurs in the west-central part of the state. In terms of sequence stratigraphy, the entire succession comprises six or seven major, third-order sequences. This includes two likely Pragian sequences, and five distinct Emsian-age sequences, all of which appear to be global. A series of altered airfall volcanic tephras occur in the lower part of the Esopus Formation; a few additional discrete airfall tephras are known from the Schoharie Formation. Faunal differences distinguish the four vertical packages of strata. Too little biostratigraphic data, however, continues to limit the accuracy of pinpointing stage boundaries in the New York and Appalachian Basin strata.

Preface - C. A. Ver Straeten (Devonian of New York, Volume 1: Introduction and Přídolí to lower Givetian (Upper Silurian to Middle Devonian) stages, 2023)

Review and Development of Best Practices for Toxicity Tests with Dreissenid Mussels - Waller, Diane; Pucherelli, Sherri; Barbour, Matthew; Tank, Samantha; Meulemans, Matthew; Wise, Jeremy; Dahlberg, Angelique; Aldridge, David C.; Claudi, Renata; Cope, W. Gregory; Gillis, Patricia L.; Kashian, Donna R.; et al. (Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2023)
Since their introduction to North America in the 1980s, research to develop effective control tools for invasive mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. rostriformis bugensis) has been ongoing across various research institutions using a range of testing methods. Inconsistencies in experimental methods and reporting present challenges for comparing data, repeating experiments, and applying results. The Invasive Mussel Collaborative established the Toxicity Testing Work Group (TTWG) in 2019 to identify “best practices” and guide development of a standard framework for dreissenid mussel toxicity testing protocols. We reviewed the literature related to laboratory-based dreissenid mussel toxicity tests and determined the degree to which standard guidelines have been used and their applicability to dreissenid mussel testing. We extracted detailed methodology from 99 studies from the peer-reviewed and gray literature and conducted a separate analysis for studies using presettlement and postsettlement mussels. We identified specific components of methods and approaches that could be refined or standardized for dreissenid mussels. These components included species identification, collection methods, size/age class distinction, maintenance practices, testing criteria, sample size, response measures, reporting parameters, exposure methods, and mortality criteria. We consulted experts in the field of aquatic toxicology and dreissenid mussel biology on our proposed. The final recommendations contained in the present review are based on published standard guidelines, methods reported in the published and gray literature, and the expertise of TTWG members and an external panel. In addition, our review identifies research needs for dreissenid mussel testing including improved methods for early–life stage testing, comparative data on life stages and between dreissenid mussel species, inclusion of a reference toxicant, and additional testing of nontarget species (i.e., other aquatic organisms).

Implementation plan of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program strategy—Northeast region of the United States: New York and New England - Walsh, G. J.; Thomas, M. A.; Marvinney, R. G.; Mabee, S. B.; Chormann, F. H.; A. L. Kozlowski; Gale, M. H.; Kim, J.; Savage, B. (Open-File Report, 2023)
<aside class="publication-aside">Complexly deformed igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks form the bedrock of the Northeast region of the United States. Variably thick unconsolidated sediments deposited by glacial, fluvial, and eolian systems locally cover the bedrock. New geologic mapping focuses on areas lacking modern, detailed studies or syntheses, and contributes to existing framework research. This report addresses plans for the continued development of regionally and nationally consistent geologic maps and map databases, efforts to answer outstanding geologic questions, and societal concerns associated with related geologic topics, such as hazards, geologic and hydrologic resources, and environmental issues.</aside>

Introduction: Exploring African American Contexts in New York Archaeology - Weed, C. S.; D. E. Merwin (The Bulletin: Journal of the New York State Archaeological Association, 2023)
Archaeology, at its best, renders communities that are under-represented in traditional historical narratives discernible. Such communities in New York include those of enslaved, formerly enslaved, and free African American people. The Introduction to this NYSAA Bulletin explores the two research themes pursued by five of the authors who presented papers at the October 1, 2022, NYAC Fall Symposium entitled “Exploring African American Contexts in New York Archaeology.” Weed and Merwin summarize the papers while focusing on the research themes of site types and culturally-defined objects that were pursued by the presenters. Weed and Merwin concluded that the papers in the volume, along with others presented at the October 2022 NYAC meeting, represent a significant contribution to our understanding of African American archaeological sites in New York State, especially those outside of urban centers.

A Revision of the New World Moth Genus Athyrma Hübner (LEPIDOPTERA: EREBIDAE) - Adams, M. S.; T. L. McCabe (Zootaxa, 2022)
The genus Athyrma Hübner, [1823] 1816 is revised, with a generic re-description and transcriptions of original descriptions (with translations) of all described species provided. Sixteen Athyrma species are recognized in this paper. Nine species are new: A. brigittae Adams & McCabe sp. nov., A. tapichensis Adams & McCabe, sp. nov., A. urbanae Adams & McCabe, sp. nov., A. yasuni Adams & McCabe, sp. nov., A. ciboney McCabe & Adams, sp. nov., A. cryani McCabe & Adams, sp. nov., A. itatiaia McCabe & Adams, sp. nov., A. romacki McCabe & Adams, sp. nov., and A. svensoni McCabe & Adams, sp. nov. Taxonomic changes are as follows: Athyrma antica Schaus, 1912, syn. nov., a junior synonym of A. nodosa; A. cunesema Hampson, 1926, syn. nov., a junior synonym of A. cunesema; “Athyrma” cordigera Walker, 1869, comb. nov., syn. nov., a junior synonym of Celiptera levina Stoll, 1781. A lectotype is designated for A. adjutrix (Cramer, 1780). Neotypes are designated for four species: Athyrma nodosa Möschler, 1880, A. orbana Möschler, 1880, A. tuberosa (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1874), and A. ganglio Hübner, [1831] 1825. Athyrma ganglio Hübner, [1831] 1825, rest. stat. and A. dormitrix Guenée in Boisduval and Guenée, 1852, rest. stat. are removed from synonymy and restored as valid species. Athyrma has been associated with the Eulepidotinae however is here tentatively assigned to Erebinae: Poaphilini because of its similarity to Mimophisma Hampson, 1926. Illustrations of male and female adult habitus, ultimate instar larva, dissections of male and female external and internal genitalia are provided. Athyrma misera Butler, 1879 is removed from Athyrma and placed in Ezra gen. nov. Nymbis resecta Dognin, 1912 is removed from its current placement in Athyrma and placed in Facies gen. nov. Checklists of all three genera are provided.

Bedrock Topography of Cayuga County, New York - Backhaus, K. J.; A. L. Kozlowski; Bird, B. C. (Map & Chart, 2022)

Drift Thickness of Cayuga County, New York - Backhaus, K. J.; A. L. Kozlowski; Bird, B. C. (Map & Chart, 2022)

Surficial Geology of the Richford 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Tioga and Tompkins Counties, New York - Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2022)

On the morphospace of eurypterine sea scorpions - Bicknell, R. D. C.; L. Amati (Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 2022)
Eurypterids (sea scorpions) are a group of extinct, marine euchelicerates that have an extensive Palaeozoic record. Despite lacking a biomineralised exoskeleton, eurypterids are abundantly preserved within select deposits. These collections make statistical analyses comparing the morphology of different genera possible. However, eurypterid shape has not yet been documented with modern geometric morphometric tools. Here, we summarise the previous statistical assessments of eurypterid morphology and expand this research by presenting landmark and semi-landmark analyses of 115 eurypterid specimens within the suborder Eurypterina. We illustrate that lateral compound eye morphology and position drives specimen placement in morphospace and separates proposed apex predators from more generalist forms. Additionally, evidence for size clusters in Eurypterus that may reflect ontogeny is uncovered. We highlight the use of geometric morphometric analyses in supporting the naming of new taxa and demonstrate that these shape data represent a novel means of understanding inter-generic ontogenetic trajectories and uncovering developmental changes within the diverse euarthropod group.
Keywords: Euchelicerata; Eurypterida; geometric morphometrics; morphology; ontogeny

Leptaenella Ventricosa (Hall, 1857) from the Middle Early Devonian (Pragian) of New York and Eastern North America and a Redescription of the Brachiopod Genus Leptaenella Frederiks, 1918 - Blodgett, R. B.; Feldman, H.R.; C. A. Ver Straeten; Baranov, V. V.; Garcia-Alcalde, J .L. (Fossil Record 8, 2022)
The presence of the leptaenid brachiopod Leptanella ventricosa (Hall 1857) is documented in detail from the Lower Devonian (global upper Pragian age) of the Glenerie Limestone and Oriskany Sandstone formations of the Hudson Valley, New York. The species was selected by Fredericks (1981) as the type species for his new genus Leptaenella. His genus name has been long ignored and seemingly almost forgotten, but we provide a redescription of this important species and the host genus due to its prominence in the Glenerie-Oriskany interval fauna. The Glenerie Limestone is overlain by deeper water facies of the Emsian Stage Esopus Formation and underlain by the Port Ewen Formation, and argillaceous limestone indicative of deep water. The overall environment of deposition of the Glenerie was marine., below normal wave base. The fauna is dominated by common Lower Divonian brachiopods (32 genera such as Dalmanella, Coelospira, Discomyorthis, Megastrophia, Leptonella, Ascrospirfer, Costispirfer, and Cyrtina) with gastropods, rare trilobites, crinoids, and corals. Leptaenella occurs in the Appalachian Basin and the craton to the southwest (i.e., Tennessee, Oklahoma, Maryland, and Missouri) that were part of the biogeographic entity denoted as the Eastern Americas Realm. The genus Lepaenella si so far known only from the late Pragian (late Devonian) of the Appohimshi Subprovince.

Archaeological Data Recovery Plan of the Lambs Corners Precontact Site (USN 01703.000180), PIN 9056.48.121 New York State Route 8 Safety Improvement Project, Town of Columbus, Chenango County, New York - J. S. Cardinal; D. E. Merwin (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Archaeological Data Recovery Report, PIN 2134.41.321, NY Routes 5, 8, & 12, North-South Arterial Reconstruction, 613 Court Street Site (06540.001668; NYSM #12166), City of Utica, Oneida County, New York - J. S. Cardinal (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Archaeological Survey and Monitoring Report, PIN 5410.54.321, Robert Moses State Parkway (New York State Route 957A), South Segment, City of Niagara Falls, Niagara County, New York - J. S. Cardinal (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

The Rose Road Localities, Town of Pitcairn, St. Lawrence County New York: Part 5—Special Topics - Chamberlain, S. C.; Walter, M. R.; Bailey, D. G.; Emproto, C. R.; Robinson, G. W.; Chiarenzelli, J. R.; M. V. Lupulescu (Rocks & Minerals, 2022)

Comment on Aleinikoff et al. (2021) – “New interpretations of the ages and origins of the Hawkeye granite Gneiss and Lyon Mountain granite Gneiss, Adirondack Mountains, NY: Implications for the nature and timing of Mesoproterozoic plutonism, metamorphism, - J.R. Chiarenzelli; S.P. Regan; M. V. Lupulescu; W.H. Peck; J.M. Hanchar (Precambrian Research, 2022)

Cultural Resource Phase III Archaeological Data Recovery Report, PIN 8393.24.321, O’Donnell Site (USN 02705.000286), New York State Route 376 at Robinson Lane, Town of East Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York - Clark, H. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Addendum Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 1089.73.101, US Route 4 Over the Hudson River Bridge Replacement Project, Town of Northumberland, Saratoga County, New York - B. R. Dale (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Archaeological Site Examination of the Wild Parsnip 2 Site (USN 01103.000092), PIN 3314.34.101 Bridge Replacement NYS Route 34 over Erie Barge Canal, Town of Cato, Cayuga County, New York - B. R. Dale (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey, Archaeological Survey, PIN 9120.64.121, NY 23 over Unadilla River Bridge Replacement, Towns of Butternuts, Morris, and New Berlin, Chenango and Otsego Counties, New York - R. Dean (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

On the relationship between collagen- and carbonate-derived carbon isotopes with implications for the inference of carnivore dietary behavior - DeSantis, .L. R.G.; R. S. Feranec; Southon, J.; Cerling, T. E.; Harris, J.; Binder, W. J.; Cohen, J. E.; Farrell, A. B.; Lindsey, E. L.; Meachen, J.; Robin O'Keefe, F.; Takeuchi, G. T. (Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2022)
Studies of Rancho La Brea predators have yielded disparate dietary interpretations when analyzing bone collagen vs. enamel carbonate—requiring a better understanding of the relationship between stable carbon isotopes in these tissues. Stable carbon isotope spacing between collagen and carbonate (Δ ca-co ) has also been used as a proxy for inferring the trophic level of mammals, with higher Δ ca-co values indicative of high carbohydrate consumption. To clarify the stable isotope ecology of carnivorans, past and present, we analyzed bone collagen (carbon and nitrogen) and enamel carbonate (carbon) of extinct and extant North American felids and canids, including dire wolves, sabertooth cats, coyotes, and pumas, supplementing these with data from African wild dogs and African lions. Our results reveal that Δ ca-co values are positively related to enamel carbonate values in secondary consumers and are less predictive of trophic level. Results indicate that the foraging habitat and diet of prey affects Δ ca-co in carnivores, like herbivores. Average Δ ca-co values in Pleistocene canids (8.7+/−1‰) and felids (7.0+/−0.7‰) overlap with previously documented extant herbivore Δ ca-co values suggesting that trophic level estimates may be relative to herbivore Δ ca-co values in each ecosystem and not directly comparable between disparate ecosystems. Physiological differences between felids and canids, ontogenetic dietary differences, and diagenesis at Rancho La Brea do not appear to be primary drivers of Δ ca-co offsets. Environmental influences affecting protein and fat consumption in prey and subsequently by predators, and nutrient routing to tissues may instead be driving Δ ca-co offsets in extant and extinct mammals.

Archaeological Site Examination of the Sugar Creek Archaeological Site, PIN 6048.28.122, New York 248 over Sugar Creek, Town of Canisteo, Steuben County, New York - Dobbin, S. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey, Archaeological Survey, PIN 7807.15.121, Intersection Safety Improvements, NY 3 at NY 178, Town of Henderson, Jefferson County, New York - Dobbin, S. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Archaeological Monitoring Report, PIN 3806.47.121, New York State Route 49 ADA Sidewalk Replacement, Town of Constantia, Oswego County, New York - Dubuque, J.; A. Lynch; D. E. Merwin (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Surficial Geology of the Alcove 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Albany and Greene Counties, New York - Frieman, R.A.; Grasing, S.P.; Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2022)

Surficial Geology of the Greenville 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Albany and Greene Counties, New York - Frieman, R.A.; Grasing, S.P.; Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2022)

Juan Labranz cave: a quaternary deposit in the central Iberian peninsula - Garcia Garcia, Nuria; Del Cueto Bárez, Sergio; De Gaspar, Ignacio; Prieto, Santiago; Laplana, César; Pellicena, M Ángeles-Pellicena; Huguet, Rosa; Blázquez-Orta, Raquel; Jimenez Carmonaa, Israel Jesus; Del Valle, Héctor; Pérez, Sebastián-Díaz; R. S. Feranec; et al. (Historical Biology, 2022)

Oldest known West Gondwanan graptolite: Ovetograptus? sp. (lower Agdzian/lowest Wuliuan; basal Middle Cambrian) of the Franconian Forest, Germany, and review of pre-Furongian graptolithoids - Geyer, G.; E. Landing; Meier, S.; Höhn, S. (PalZ, 2022)
The occurrence of a likely graptolite in lowest Wuliuan strata of the Franconian Forest almost certainly records the oldest known graptolithoid hemichordate in West Gondwana and possibly the oldest graptolite presently known. The fossil is a delicate, erect, apparently unbranched rhabdosome with narrow thecae tentatively assigned to the poorly known genus Ovetograptus of the Dithecodendridae. This report includes an overview of pre-Furongian graptolithoids with slight corrections on the stratigraphic position of earlier reported species.

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Archaeological Survey, PIN 1810.90.121, SFY 2023 Culvert Program, NY 9N Culvert C098969, Town of Jay, Essex County, New York - A. Gore (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Phase III Data Recovery Investigation and Alternate Mitigation of the Chodubski Archaeological Site (New York State Museum Site #12134, USN 07540.000579), PIN 3045.55.221, New York State Route 104, Town of Scriba and City of Oswego, Oswego County, New Yor - A. Gore (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Site Examination of the Alvinza Finney Site (USN 09114.000080) and Northumberland Carriage Shop Site (09114.000079), PIN 1089.73.101, United States Route 4 over the Hudson River, Town of Northumberland, Saratoga County, New York - A. Gore; B. R. Dale (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Dating of Meadowcroft Rockshelter Maize - J. P. Hart; Adovasio, J M (Radiocarbon, 2022)
The Meadowcroft Rockshelter in southwestern Pennsylvania is best known for its pre-Clovis occupation. Potentially important for later times is the recovery of maize macrobotanical remains from higher strata dating as early as the 4th century BC based on radiometric radiocarbon (14C) dates on wood charcoal. These remains have been considered to be potentially as old as the earliest microbotanical evidence for maize in Michigan, New York and Québec recovered from directly dated charred cooking residues adhering to pottery. The results of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating 17 samples from maize specimens from all Meadowcroft strata producing maize, indicate that the specimens originated from historical use of the shelter, most likely after AD 1800. These results further emphasize the need to obtain direct dates on maize macrobotanical remains recovered from early contexts prior to the development and common use of AMS dating.
Keywords: AMS dating; chronology; maize; paleobotany

The Monongahela tradition in “real time”: Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates - J. P. Hart; Means, Bernard K. (PLOS ONE, 2022)
Despite advances in techniques, methods, and theory, northeastern North American archaeologists continue to use early to mid-twentieth century culture historical taxa as units of analysis and narrative. There is a distinct need to move away from this archaeological practice to enable fuller understandings of past human lives. One tool that enables such a move is Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates, which provides a means of constructing continuous chronologies. A large dataset of radiocarbon dates for late prehistoric (ca AD 900/1000–1650) sites in the lower upper Ohio River basin in southwestern Pennsylvania and adjacent portions of Maryland, Ohio, and West Virginia is used here as an example. The results allow a preliminary assessment of how the settlement plans of contemporaneous villages varied considerably, reflecting decisions of the village occupants how to structure built environments to meet their needs.

Phaseolus vulgaris Seeds from the Late Sixteenth–Early Seventeenth Century AD Ancestral Oneida Diable Site, New York - J. P. Hart (Ethnobiology Letters, 2022)
The ethnohistorical, ethnographic, and contemporary literatures all suggest that common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was an important component of Northern Iroquoian agronomic systems and diets. Seemingly at odds with this is the sparse occurrence of whole and partial common bean seeds on fourteenth through seventeenth century AD village sites. The recovery of a large quantity of whole and partial bean seeds from the ancestral Oneida Diable site, dated here to between AD 1583 and 1626 with a Bayesian model using seven new AMS radiocarbon dates, provides clues as to when large quantities of rehydrated/cooked common bean seeds may occur in the archaeological record.

Tracing Maize History in Northern Iroquoia Through Radiocarbon Date Summed Probability Distributions - J. P. Hart (Open Archaeology, 2022)
The evolution of maize as an organism, its spread as an agricultural crop, and the evolution of Native American maize-based agricultural systems are topics of research throughout the Western Hemisphere. Maize was adopted in Northern Iroquoia, comprising portions of present-day New York, Ontario, and Québec by 300 BC. By the fourteenth-century AD, maize accounted for >50 to >70% of ancestral Iroquoian diets. Was this major commitment to maize agriculture a gradual incremental evolution, or was there a rapid increase in commitment to maize-based agriculture around AD 1000 as traditional archaeological narratives suggest? Summed probability distributions of direct radiocarbon dates on maize macrobotanical remains and cooking residues containing maize phytoliths combined with maize macrobotanical maize densities at sites and previously published stable isotope values on human bone collagen used with Bayesian dietary mixing models and cooking residues show an initial increase in maize use at AD 1200–1250 and a subsequent increase at AD 1400–1450. These results indicate maize history in Northern Iroquoia followed an exponential growth curve, consistent with Rindos’ (1984) model of agricultural evolution.
Keywords: Bayesian dietary mixing models; maize agriculture evolution; northern Iroquoia; radiocarbon dating; summed probability distributions

Editorial - Herr, S.; C. B. Rieth; van der Linde, S. (Advances in Archaeological Practice, 2022)

Commemoration: The American Association for State and Local History Guide edited by Seth C. Bruggeman - Lander, D. R. (New York History, 2022)

Discussion of ‘Reply to “Uppermost Cambrian carbon chemostratigraphy: the HERB and undocumented TOCE events are not synonymous”’Abstract - E. Landing; Ripperdan, R. L.; Geyer, G. (Geological Magazine, 2022)
No basis for controversy exists in the naming of a global, strongly negative, uppermost Cambrian carbon isotope (δ13C) excursion. The HERB Event (HERB) has met the standards for chemostratigraphic units (i.e. consistent biostratigraphic brackets, content and concept) since 1992. By comparison, the TOCE excursion morphed through four temporally distinct δ13C events with spike-like nadirs that shifted temporally through the uppermost Cambrian until its synonymization with HERB (2006–12). In 2018, TOCE became a prolonged interval with very early onset and enveloped HERB – meaning five TOCE homonyms have been unambiguously defined and figured. HERB lies in the high-diversity ptychaspid biomere (trilobites) and below the ptychaspid extinction. But, data on it were used in TOCE’s 2006 proposal and in later iterations (2008, 2012) to show it (1) higher, both at and above the ptychaspid extinction; (2) at the level of HERB (2012, 2018); and (3) even extending well below HERB (2018). TOCE fails the recommendations for a formal chemostratigraphic unit. Its relationship to latest Cambrian biotic turnover includes equation with extinction and high-diversity intervals. One TOCE homonym is a synonym, albeit junior, of HERB.

Greater Avalonia—latest Ediacaran–Ordovician “peribaltic” terrane bounded by continental margin prisms (“Gander,” Harlech Dome, Meguma): Review, tectonic implications, and paleogeography - E. Landing; Keppie, J. Duncan; Keppie, D. Fraser; Geyer, Gerd; Westrop, Stephen R. (Earth-Science Reviews, 2022)
Distinctive uppermost Ediacaran–Ordovician rocks (Avalonian overstep sequence) were key in definition of Avalonia, which comprises large areas of the NE Appalachians and the Caledonian and Variscan mountains (Britain and western Europe). This siliciclastic-dominated cover succession unconformably overlies a Neoproterozoic pre-Avalonian basement collage (arc, continental, oceanic fragments; Gwna-type melanges [now Rhode Island–Maritime Canada–North Wales]). Rather than an arc–transform transition, our new model proposes that the Avalonian basement was amalgamated after inferred late Ediacaran ridge-trench collision that initiated the northerly–southerly trending Avalonian transform fault (Atf, new). Avalonia is commonly regarded as originating as an arc marginal to Gondwana in the early Paleozoic and detached only in the Ordovician. We review multiple lines of evidence that show it was an insular microcontinent; this require revisions of Ediacaran–early Paleozoic paleogeography and plate tectonics models. Detrital zircon isotopic data show an Avalonia–Baltica link to the Neoproterozoic Timanian orogen, with Avalonia a peribaltic, not perigondwanan, terrane. The Avalonian basement detached from Baltica and rotated parallel to the Atf, with its origin similar to the modern Scotia Sea plate (i.e., North Scotia Ridge and transform) by accumulation of Neoproterozoic arc and continental fragments on the transform. Deposition of the cover sequence beginning ca. 552 Ma in pull-apart basins on the basement marked origin of the Avalonia ribbon-microcontinent. The cover succession, with ten unconformity-bounded depositional sequences, extends for ca. 5000 km (eastern Massachusetts–Silesia). Avalonia is bounded on its NW and SE by siliciclastic rocks (i.e., Gander and Meguma belts with an Ordovician arc in Gander) that were continental margin prisms coeval with the overstep sequence. Endemic Avalonian lower Lower Cambrian (Terraneuvian–lower Series 2, ca. 538–510 Ma) faunas, dropstones, absence of archaeocyaths, and minor shallow-water carbonates suggest an isolated location at ≥50° S. Only in the latest Early Cambrian (ca. 506 Ma) do Avalonian faunas show NW African, “Gondwanan” affinities with Avalonia-Gondwana convergence on the Atf. A longer (ca. 28 Ma, Middle Cambrian–Tremadocian) faunal similarity links temperate Avalonia and Baltica as terranes on the same plate. An insular Avalonia is consistent with a Middle Cambrian, ca. 49° S latitude (Cape Breton Island) location—its only reliable Cambrian paleomagnetic datum. Meso- and Paleoproterozoic zircons do not record nearby West Gondwana margins, but were eroded from Avalonian basement. Purported “Ganderian” plutonic zircons and whole rock signatures in SW New Brunswick indicate heterogeneity between Avalonian basement blocks, not a “Ganderia” affinity before a purported transfer of parts of Avalonia to “Ganderia.” Coeval extensional and collisional igneous rocks along the Atf is seen in regions of transform faulting and do not allow reference of Avalonian areas to “Ganderia.” Avalonia should not be shown as part of West Gondwana or separating from it in the Ordovician.
Keywords: Avalonia; Avalonian transform fault; Cambrian; Ediacaran; Ordovician; West Gondwana

Trans-Avalonian green–black boundary (early Middle Cambrian): transform fault-driven epeirogeny and onset of 26 m.y. of shallow marine anoxia in Avalonia (Rhode Island–Belgium) and Baltica - E. Landing; Westrop, S. R.; Geyer, G. (Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2022)
The Avalonia microcontinent has diagnostic terminal Ediacaran–Ordovician lithostratigraphy, depositional sequence architecture, and igneous activity that extends for 2000+ km and reflects epeirogeny related to the Avalonian transform fault. Avalonia records an abrupt early Middle Cambrian (late Wuliuan) change from green, purple, or light grey to overlying black, dark grey, and brown facies in platform and off-platform areas (Meguma, North Wales). This change within one trilobite zone marks onset of ca. 26 m.y. of shallow-marine anoxia/strong dysoxia lasting into the Ordovician with Hatch Hill OMZ onlap onto the shelf. A Bakken model (new, based on the middle Paleozoic Bakken Formation) is applied to shallow-shelf–shoreline organic-rich mud deposition. Erosion of greenish Avalonian depositional sequence (Ads) 7 was followed by Ads 8 tilting, volcanism, debris flows, and bentonite deposition on a cryptic unconformity in SE Newfoundland. The early Middle Cambrian age of the Ads 7–8 boundary is obscured by referring the lower Manuels River Formation and Cristallinium cambriense Zone to the younger Drumian Stage. Ads 8 has thin ashes in coterminous British and American Avalonia where erosion and subaerial exposure with caliche development preceded onlap of upper Middle or Upper Cambrian Ads 9 black muds and sands. The green–black change emphasizes Avalonian unity; it precludes multiple Avalonian “micro-terranes” or assigning parts of Avalonia to West Gondwana or “Ganderia” (the Little River, Brookville, and Bras d’Or “terranes” are part of the Avalonian marginal platform). Coeval green–black transitions and similar later Cambrian faunas show comparable paleoenvironments in Avalonia and Baltica.

Strike the Hammer: The Black Freedom Struggle in Rochester, New York, 1940–1970 by Laura Warren Hill - J. A. Lemak (New York History, 2022)

Cultural Resource Architectural Survey, PIN 8122.20.101, New York State Route 212 Main Street Bridge and Sidewalk Replacement, Town of Woodstock, Ulster County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey, Architectural Survey, PIN 2LC1.31.101, NY Route 46 over Clark Brook, Culvert C270037, Town of Ava, Oneida County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Report, An Architectural Analysis of The Chodubski Site Alternate Mitigation (NYSM #12134), PIN 3045.55.221, New York State Route 104, Town of Scriba and City of Oswego, Oswego County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Structure Documentation, PIN 8LC3.11.101, NY Route 199 over Tributary to Shekomeko Creek (CIN C824084), Town of Pine Plains, Dutchess County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resources Architectural Survey, PIN 3057.68.121 New York State Route 13, Delaware Avenue to Prospect Terrace, City of Cortland, Cortland County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resources Screening, PIN 5512.52.101 New York State Route 33, Kensington Expressway, City of Buffalo, Erie County, New York - M.S. LoRusso; D. E. Merwin (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Historic American Engineering Record Documentation of the Livingston Avenue Bridge Spanning the Hudson River (PIN 1935.49.171), City of Albany, Albany County and City of Rensselaer, Rensselaer County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Historic American Engineering Record Level II Documentation of PIN 5111.77.121, US Route 20 Bridge over Cazenovia Creek (BIN 1015520), Towns of West Seneca and Elma, Erie County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 1124.42.121, New York State Route 23A over Kaaterskill Creek, Town of Catskill, Greene County, New York - A. Lynch (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 1124.42.121, New York State Route 23A over Kaaterskill Creek, Town of Catskill, Greene County, New York - A. Lynch (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 2806.38.121, New York State Route 67 Intersection Improvements, Town of Amsterdam, Montgomery County, New York - A. Lynch (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 2806.38.121, New York State Route 67 Intersection Improvements, Town of Amsterdam, Montgomery County, New York - A. Lynch (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Archaeological Site Examination Investigations, Clizbe Site and DeGraff Site, PIN 2806.38.121, NY 67 Intersection Improvements, Clizbe Road at Widow Susan Road, Town of Amsterdam, Montgomery County, New York - A. Lynch; B. R. Dale; R. Dean (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Architectural Survey, PIN 2806.38.121, New York State Route 67 Intersection Improvements, Town of Amsterdam, Montgomery County, New York - A. Lynch (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

The atomic arrangement and electronic interactions in vonsenite at 295, 100, and 90 K - Maderazzo, Marc; Hughes, John M.; Dyar, M. Darby; Rossman, George R.; Ackley, Brandon J.; Sklute, Elizabeth C.; M. V. Lupulescu; Chiarenzelli, Jeffrey (American Mineralogist, 2022)
Vonsenite, Fe2+2Fe22+Fe3+O2BO3, has been the subject of many studies in the materials science and condensed matter physics communities due to interest in the electronic and magnetic properties and ordering behavior of the phase. One such study, undertaken on synthetic material of end-member composition, reports X-ray diffraction structure refinements that indicate a phase transition from Pbam to Pbnm at or just below ~283 K, determined subsequently to arise from a Peierls-like instability. To compare the stability of the natural phase with that of synthetic material, we performed high-precision X-ray crystal-structure analyses at 295, 100, and 90 K (R1 = 0.0119, 0.0186, and 0.0183, respectively), Mössbauer spectroscopy at 295, 220, 150, 80, and 4.2 K, and wavelength-dispersive electron microprobe analysis on a vonsenite of near-end-member composition from Jayville, New York, U.S.A. The Pbnm structure is observed at 100 and 90 K, suggesting similar phase stability for the natural and synthetic phases. Comparison of Mössbauer data and X-ray site occupancies between the natural and synthetic phases suggests a reinterpretation of Mössbauer site assignments. We conclude that the Peierls-like instability underlying the reported transition from Pbam to Pbnm in synthetic material also occurs in our specimen of natural near-end-member vonsenite at temperatures between 295 and 100 K.

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey, Archaeological Survey, PIN 2118.07.121, NY 28 over Rock River (BIN 1020300), Town of Indian Lake, Hamilton County, New York - D. E. Mazeau (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resources Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 0059.28.101, Oakdale Merge Improvement Project, Town of Islip, Suffolk County, New York - D. E. Mazeau (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Archaeological Site Examination of the Rock Stream Multicomponent Site (USN 09707.000027), PIN 6001.25.121, BIN 1011060, New York 14A over Rock Stream, Town of Reading, Schuyler County, New York - Moragne, S. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 2236.28.121, New York State Route 29 over Caroga Creek, Town of Ephratah, Fulton County, New York - Moragne, S. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 5814.50.121, NY Route 60 from US Route 20 to NY Route 83, Town of Pomfret, Chautauqua County, New York - Moragne, S. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 5814.50.121, NY Route 60 from US Route 20 to NY Route 83, Town of Pomfret, Chautauqua County, New York - Moragne, S. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Archaeological Site Examinations, PIN 5814.50.121, NY Route 60 from US Route 20 to NY Route 83, Town of Pomfret, Chautauqua County, New York - Moragne, S. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

The Cambrian (Furongian) olenid trilobite Peltura from Avalonian Nova Scotia, Canada, with a review of some species from Baltica - Nguyen, J. J.; Westrop, S. R.; E. Landing (Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2022)
The Cambrian olenid trilobite Peltura Milne-Edwards, 1840 is widespread in the Furongian strata of the Cambrian continents of Baltica and Avalonia, and has played a significant role in biostratigraphic zonations for both regions. Despite this importance, the genus is poorly known in Avalonian Canada. New collections from the Chelsey Drive Group on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, yielded numerous sclerites of a new species, Peltura hutchinsoni sp. nov., that may also occur in the Parabolina lobata Zone of Baltica. Archival specimens from Sweden and Norway allow the revision of Pelturascarabaeoides (Wahlenberg, 1821) and Pelturaacutidens Brögger, 1882, respectively.

Capture of Lyre Goby (Pisces: Oxudercidae) in the Tidal Hudson River - Schmidt, R. E.; J. J Wright; Muller, J. (Northeastern Naturalist, 2022)
We report the presence of Evorthodus lyricus (Lyre Goby) in a Hudson River tidal wetland in Yonkers, Westchester County, NY. This is the first record for this species in the Hudson River and the first published record north of the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. We also provide an identification key to the Oxudercidae and Gobiidae of the Hudson River.

Cultural Resource Architectural Survey, PIN 1124.42.121, New York State Route 23A over Kaaterskill Creek, Town of Catskill, Greene County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Architectural Survey, PIN 1124.42.121, New York State Route 23A over Kaaterskill Creek, Town of Catskill, Greene County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Architectural Survey, PIN 2236.28.121, NY Route 29 over Caroga Creek Bridge Replacement, Town of Ephrata, Fulton County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 2016.80.121, NY Route 12 Boonville Safety Project, Village of Boonville, Oneida County, New York - Sobik, C. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 2016.80.121, NY Route 12 Boonville Safety Project, Village of Boonville, Oneida County, New York - Sobik, C. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Addendum Archaeological Survey of PIN 2023.34.101, New York State Route 69 over Sauquoit Creek, Town of Whitesboro, Oneida County, New York - D. Staley (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey, Archaeological Data Recovery and Construction Monitoring, PIN 2805.32.322, Safety Project 12 NY 5S: Broadway to Broad Street, City of Utica, Oneida County, New York - D. Staley (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Comparative Population Genomics of Cryptic Speciation and Adaptive Divergence in Bicknell’s and Gray-Cheeked Thrushes (Aves:Catharus bicknelli and Catharus minimus) - Termignoni-Garcia, Flavia; J. J. Kirchman; Clark, Johnathan; Edwards, Scott V (Genome Biology and Evolution, 2022)
Cryptic speciation may occur when reproductive isolation is recent or the accumulation of morphological differences between sister lineages is slowed by stabilizing selection preventing phenotypic differentiation. In North America, Bicknell’s Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) and its sister species, the Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus), are parapatrically breeding migratory songbirds, distinguishable in nature only by subtle differences in song and coloration, and were recognized as distinct species only in the 1990s. Previous molecular studies have estimated that the species diverged approximately 120,000–420,000 YBP and found very low levels of introgression despite their similarity and sympatry in the spring (prebreeding) migration. To further clarify the history, genetic divergence, genomic structure, and adaptive processes in C. bicknelli and C. minimus, we sequenced and assembled high-coverage reference genomes of both species and resequenced genomes from population samples of C. bicknelli, C. minimus, and two individuals of the Swainson’s Thrush (Catharus ustulatus). The genome of C. bicknelli exhibits markedly higher abundances of transposable elements compared with other Catharus and chicken. Demographic and admixture analyses confirm moderate genome-wide differentiation (Fst ≈ 0.10) and limited gene flow between C. bicknelli and C. minimus, but suggest a more recent divergence than estimates based on mtDNA. We find evidence of rapid evolution of the Z-chromosome and elevated divergence consistent with natural selection on genomic regions near genes involved with neuronal processes in C. bicknelli. These genomes are a useful resource for future investigations of speciation, migration, and adaptation in Catharus thrushes.

Cultural Resource Architectural Survey, PIN 2016.80.121, NY Route 12 Boonville Safety Project, Village of Boonville, Oneida County, New York - T. Thomas (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Cultural Resource Architectural Survey, PIN 2016.80.121, NY Route 12 Boonville Safety Project, Village of Boonville, Oneida County, New York - T. Thomas (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) Documentation, PIN 3169.05.121, NY Route 34B (Ridge Road) Bridge over Salmon Creek, Town of Lansing, Tompkins County, New York - T. Thomas; M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2022)

Phylogenomic analysis of the bowfin (Amia calva) reveals unrecognized species diversity in a living fossil lineage - J. J Wright; Bruce, S. A.; Sinopoli, D .A.; Palumbo, J. R.; Stewart, D. J. (Scientific Reports, 2022)
The Bowfin (Amia calva), as currently recognized, represents the sole living member of the family Amiidae, which dates back to approximately 150 Ma. Prior to 1896, 13 species of extant Bowfins had been described, but these were all placed into a single species with no rationale or analysis given. This situation has persisted until the present day, with little attention given to re-evaluation of those previously described nominal forms. Here, we present a phylogenomic analysis based on over 21,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 94 individuals that unambiguously demonstrates the presence of at least two independent evolutionary lineages within extant Amia populations that merit species-level standing, as well as the possibility of two more. These findings not only expand the recognizable species diversity in an iconic, ancient lineage, but also demonstrate the utility of such methods in addressing previously intractable questions of molecular systematics and phylogeography in slowly evolving groups of ancient fishes.

Conflict, Population Movement, and Microscale Social Networks in Northern Iroquoian Archaeology - Birch, J.; J. P. Hart (American Antiquity, 2021)
We employ social network analysis of collar decoration on Iroquoian vessels to conduct a multiscalar analysis of signaling practices among ancestral Huron-Wendat communities on the north shore of Lake Ontario. Our analysis focuses on the microscale of the West Duffins Creek community relocation sequence as well as the mesoscale, incorporating several populations to the west. The data demonstrate that network ties were stronger among populations in adjacent drainages as opposed to within drainage-specific sequences, providing evidence for west-to-east population movement, especially as conflict between Wendat and Haudenosaunee populations escalated in the sixteenth century. These results suggest that although coalescence may have initially involved the incorporation of peoples from microscale (local) networks, populations originating among wider mesoscale (subregional) networks contributed to later coalescent communities. These findings challenge previous models of village relocation and settlement aggregation that oversimplified these processes.
Keywords: ancestral Wendat archaeology; multiscalar analysis; settlement systems; Social network analysis; Village removal sequences

Surficial Geology of the Brewerton 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Onondaga and Oswego Counties, New York - Bird, B. C.; Pair, D. L.; Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2021)

Surficial Geology of the Cicero 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Onondaga and Oswego Counties, New York - Bird, B. C.; Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2021)

Another Side of Onondaga: Seneca River Sites, ca. A.D. 1000 to 1600 - Bradley, J.W.; J. P. Hart (Archaeology of Eastern North America, 2021)
The area between the Montezuma marshes and Oneida Lake has one of the densest concentrations of Indigenous sites in New York. Many of these are located in the northern portion of Onondaga County between the well-known locales of Jacks Reef and Brewerton. Several of these sites, excavated by William Ritchie, James Tuck, and others, have provided the basis for much of our understanding of the Indigenous presence on and uses of these riverine lowlands during the Holocene. These Seneca River sites provide a different perspective on patterns of settlement and resource use in this portion of the Lake Ontario Plain between approximately AD 1000 and 1600. They also serve as a counterpoint to the better-known Onondaga-related Iroquoian sites located in the southern portion of Onondaga County, especially in the Pompey Hills.

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey and Site Examination, Addendum, PIN 9056.48.101, NY Route 8 Safety Improvement Project, Lamb’s Corners Precontact Site, USN 01703.000180, Town of Columbus, Chenango County, New York - J. S. Cardinal (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2021)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 1085.46.101, NY Route 146 over the Normanskill, Town of Guilderland, Albany County, New York - J. S. Cardinal (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2021)