01695nas a2200205 4500008004100000245013400041210006900175260001200244490000700256520097300263653002201236653003601258653001901294653002301313100002001336700001701356700002301373700001701396856007601413 2021 eng d00aRadiocarbon and Artifactual Evidence for Early 17th Century A.D. Dutch Activity at the Site of Fort Orange, Albany, New York, USA0 aRadiocarbon and Artifactual Evidence for Early 17th Century AD D c02/20210 v493 a

Dutch exploitation of the upper Hudson River Valley initiated with Henry Hudson’s voyage in 1609 A.D. This began a period of resource exploitation by the Dutch that lasted until 1664 when the English took what had become known as New Netherland from the Dutch. The Dutch formed trade relations with Native Americans in the upper Hudson Valley and beyond that focused primarily on beaver and other animal pelts. No Dutch archaeological sites dating to before 1624 with the construction of Fort Orange at present-day Albany, New York, have been documented. However, archaeological evidence from strata pre-dating the Fort’s construction and Bayesian analysis of a series of radiocarbon dates from these strata establish a probable location of Dutch activities. These results suggest that the Fort was sited at a place of established Dutch-Native American interactions, a location utilized by Native Americans for centuries prior to the arrival of the Dutch.

10aBayesian analysis10aHudson River Valley archaeology10aNew Netherland10aradiocarbon dating1 aManning, S., W.1 aHuey, P., R.1 aLucas, Michael, T.1 aHart, J., P. uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00934690.2021.1883318?src=01845nas a2200145 4500008004100000245013900041210006900180260001200249300001300261490000700274520129300281100002001574700001701594856008801611 2019 eng d00aRadiocarbon, Bayesian chronological modeling and early European metal circulation in the sixteenth-century AD Mohawk River Valley, USA0 aRadiocarbon Bayesian chronological modeling and early European m c12/2019 ae02263340 v143 a

European metal artifacts in assemblages from sites predating the physical presence of Europeans in Northern Iroquoia in present-day New York, USA and southern Ontario, Canada have been used as chronological markers for the mid-sixteenth century AD. In the Mohawk River Valley of New York, European metal artifacts at sites pre-dating the physical presence of Europeans have been used by archaeologists as a terminus post quem (TPQ) of 1525 to 1550 in regional chronologies. This has been done under the assumption that these metals did not begin to circulate until after sustained European presence on the northern Atlantic coast beginning in 1517. Here we use Bayesian chronological modeling of a large set of radiocarbon dates to refine our understanding of early European metal circulation in the Mohawk River Valley. Our results indicate that European iron and cuprous metals arrived earlier than previously thought, by the beginning of the sixteenth century, and cannot be used as TPQs. Together with recent Bayesian chronological analyses of radiocarbon dates from several sites in southern Ontario, these results add to our evolving understanding of intra-regional variation in Northern Iroquoia of sixteenth-century AD circulation and adoption of European goods.

1 aManning, S., W.1 aHart, J., P. uhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0226334#abstract0