02195nas a2200205   4500008004100000245007500041210006900116300001200185490000800197520158100205653002401786653001701810653001601827653001801843100002001861700001801881700001901899700002001918856005101938       2011                        eng d00aPaleoindians and the Younger Dryas in the New England-Maritimes Region0 aPaleoindians and the Younger Dryas in the New EnglandMaritimes R  a546-5690 v2423 a<p>This paper examines environmental and archaeological data for the Younger Dryas (YD) (12,900–11,600 calibrated years before present) (cal BP) and early Holocene (11,600–10,000&nbsp;cal BP) in the New England-Maritimes (NEM) to model environmental changes and possible human responses. For some other regions of North America, researchers argue for negligible environmental changes and human responses, while others suggest that ecological changes associated with cold conditions at the YD onset disrupted regional biota, causing subsistence stress for Paleoindian populations and the end of the Clovis cultural adaptation (circa 13,200–12,900&nbsp;cal BP). The NEM shows abrupt cooling at the YD onset, which fostered more open habitats favorable to both long-distance migrating and local herds of caribou, and may have encouraged early Paleoindian colonization and settlement of this unoccupied deglacial region. Comparison of the Paleoindian point sequence with calibrated radiocarbon dates indicates fluted point groups probably occupied the NEM during, but not after, the YD. Abrupt warming at the YD terminus (circa 11,600&nbsp;cal BP) caused a rapid reorganization of the region’s vegetation and prey species populations, coinciding in the archaeological record with a decline in Paleoindian biface fluting technology and altered regional site distributions. In the closed forests of the succeeding early Holocene NEM, late Paleoindian groups (11,600–10,000&nbsp;cal BP) used unfluted, lanceolate points that may signal post-YD immigration to the NEM.</p>
10achronology building10aColonization10aPaleoindian10aYounger Dryas1 aLothrop, J., C.1 aNewby, P., E.1 aSpiess, A., E.1 aBradley, J., A.  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2011.04.01501488nas a2200229   4500008004100000245013200041210006900173260003300242300001000275520071400285653001900999653002101018653002101039653002101060653001601081653002701097100001601124700002501140700001301165700001301178856006701191       2011                        eng d00aTesting the Paleo-Maritime Hypothesis for Glacial Lake Iroquois: Implications for Changing Views of Past Culture and Technology0 aTesting the PaleoMaritime Hypothesis for Glacial Lake Iroquois I  aNew York, New YorkbSpringer  a27-433 a<p>Comparison of stone tool assemblages and their associations with paleo-shorelines across North America encourages us to begin thinking in terms of maritime culture dating back as far as 8,000–10,000 years. Locations as diverse as Fort Drum, New York, San Clemente Island, California, and Hill AFB Bombing Range, Utah, all offer sites, collections, and information that can illuminate a possible early type of maritime cultural landscape. Evidence for human adaptation to Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene shoreline environments will emphasize the potential for use and construction of boats with a discussion of the implications for changing archaeological characterization of Paleoindian people.</p>
10aEarly Holocene10alate Pleistocene10amaritime culture10apaleo-shorelines10aPaleoindian10astone tool assemblages1 aSchultz, M.1 aWinchell-Sweeney, S.1 aRush, L.1 aFord, B.  uhttp://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4419-8210-0_2