Hypsodonty, horses, and the spread of C4 grasses during the middle Miocene in southern California - R. S. Feranec; Pagnac, D. C. (Evolutionary Ecology Research, 2017)
Background: C4 grasses were not abundant in North America during the middle Miocene (c. 15 Ma). They did not become abundant until around 7 Ma. One can analyse stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope values in the enamel of fossil horse teeth to determine the extent to which horses were eating C4 grasses even during the period before those grasses became abundant. Questions: In southern California, what proportion of a middle Miocene horse’s diet was made up of C4 grasses? Was the amount enough to influence the size and shape of horse teeth? Organisms: Eighty-five specimens of five fossil horse species – Acritohippus stylodontus, Archaeohippus mourningi, Merychippus californicus, Scaphohippus intermontanus, and Scaphohippus sumani – from the middle Miocene (c. 16 Ma) of southern California (i.e. Barstow Formation, Cajon Valley Formation, and Temblor Formation). Methods: To determine if C4 grasses were present in middle Miocene horse diets, we analysed stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope values from the enamel of the fossils. If the result did indicate C4 foraging at a locality, we modelled the percentage of C4 grasses in equid diets using Stable Isotope Analysis in R (SIAR) v.4.2.2. Results: Modelled percentage C4 in equid diets was <20%. Each formation was statistically significantly different from the others in terms of δ13C values. Barstow specimens had the highest values, those from Cajon Valley the lowest, and those from Temblor were intermediate. Those results indicate that horses ate C4 grasses within the Barstow and possibly the Temblor Formation but not the Cajon Valley Formation. Within the Barstow sample, Scaphohippus sumani had statistically significantly lower δ13C but statistically significantly higher δ18O values than Acritohippus stylodontus, suggesting a higher proportion of C3 grasses in the diet of Scaphohippus sumani versus a higher proportion of C4 grasses for Acritohippus stylodontus. The latter species also had higher tooth crowns, consistent with a diet richer in C4 grasses. There were no statistically significant differences between species at Cajon Valley for either δ13C or δ18O. The δ13C values for Merychippus californicus suggest that the habitats of the Temblor Formation had a low percentage (<6%) of C4 plants. Conclusions: C4 grasses lived in the mid-Miocene landscape in southern California up to 8 million years before the rapid increase in C4 ecosystems that occurred worldwide about 7 to 5 Ma. Horses foraged these grasses, so hypotheses related to horse morphological evolution must take C4 plants into account.
Keywords: C3 plants; C4 plants; Equidae; grasslands; hypsodonty; Miocene; stable isotope

Ice Age Mammals Colonize New York: A STEM Lab Derived from Collections-Based Research at the New York State Museum - R. S. Feranec; A. L. Kozlowski (New York State Museum Education Leaflet, 2017)

Division within the North American boreal forest: Ecological niche divergence between the Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) and Gray-cheeked Thrush (C. minimus) - FitzGerald, Alyssa M. (Ecology and Evolution, 2017)
Sister species that diverged in allopatry in similar environments are expected to exhibit niche conservatism. Using ecological niche modeling and a multivariate analysis of climate and habitat data, I test the hypothesis that the Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) and Gray-cheeked Thrush (C. mimimus), sister species that breed in the North American boreal forest, show niche conservatism. Three tree species that are important components of breeding territories of both thrush species were combined with climatic variables to create niche models consisting of abiotic and biotic components. Abiotic-only, abiotic+biotic, and biotic-only models were evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) criterion. Abiotic+biotic models had higher AUC scores and did not over-project thrush distributions compared to abiotic-only or biotic-only models. From the abiotic+biotic models, I tested for niche conservatism or divergence by accounting for the differences in the availability of niche components by calculating (1) niche overlap from ecological niche models and (2) mean niche differences of environmental values at occurrence points. Niche background similarity tests revealed significant niche divergence in 10 of 12 comparisons, and multivariate tests revealed niche divergence along 2 of 3 niche axes. The Bicknell's Thrush breeds in warmer and wetter regions with a high abundance of balsam fir (Abies balsamea), whereas Gray-cheeked Thrush often co-occurs with black spruce (Picea mariana). Niche divergence, rather than conservatism, was the predominant pattern for these species, suggesting that ecological divergence has played a role in the speciation of the Bicknell's Thrush and Gray-cheeked Thrush. Furthermore, because niche models were improved by the incorporation of biotic variables, this study validates the inclusion of relevant biotic factors in ecological niche modeling to increase model accuracy.
Keywords: boreal forest; Catharus thrushes; ecological niche divergence; ecological speciation; niche modeling; sister species

Taxonomy and distribution of the imperilled Newfoundland Gray-cheeked Thrush, Catharus minimus minimus - FitzGerald, Alyssa M.; Whitaker, Darroch M.; Ralston, Joel; J. J. Kirchman; Warkentin, Ian G. (Avian Conservation and Ecology, 2017)
Gray-cheeked Thrushes breeding on Newfoundland are purported to be a distinct subspecies (Catharus minimus minimus) and have declined precipitously since the 1980s. To assess the validity of Gray-cheeked Thrush subspecies we collected blood samples and morphological measurements from 51 individuals captured at 15 sites in Newfoundland and Labrador (2013–2015). Analysis of mitochondrial (ND2) and nuclear intron (ADAM-TS 6, FIB7) sequences from these and additional samples from Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Labrador, Quebec, Alaska, and Siberia showed low genetic variation at both nuclear loci, and shallow mitochondrial divergence between subspecies; there were no shared haplotypes between thrushes from Newfoundland / Nova Scotia (n = 41) and those from western Labrador and further west (n = 24). Thrushes from Newfoundland also had shorter wing chords, tails, and culmens and less black in the mandible compared to those from western Labrador and Quebec. Samples from the southeast coast of Labrador (n = 13) included ND2 haplotypes both from Newfoundland and western Labrador plus one putative hybrid that was phenotypically a Gray-cheeked Thrush but that had a Bicknell’s Thrush (C. bicknelli) ND2 haplotype and was heterozygous at a segregating site in FIB7. We detected thrushes during point counts at 7 of 24 sites on Newfoundland, but failed to detect them at 10 historically occupied sites on Newfoundland or in the reported distribution gap between subspecies in Labrador. Sites where thrushes have apparently disappeared had less shrub habitat within 1250 m and more large broadleaf trees within territory-scale areas compared to sites where they persist. Additionally, red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) are an introduced species on Newfoundland and thrush occurrence was > 3x higher at sites where red squirrels were not detected. Our results support previous designations of C. m. minimus from Newfoundland and southeastern Labrador as a subspecies distinct from C. m. aliciae found further west.
Keywords: distribution; endemism; genetics; Gray-cheeked Thrush; habitat; hybrid; Labrador; Newfoundland; red squirrel; subspecies; taxonomy

Addendum Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for US 11 and NY 37 Northpole Safety Improvements, Town of Pamelia, Jefferson County, New York (MCD 04515) - A. Gore (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resource Architectural Survey Report for PIN 1007.16.101 Route 144 over Hannacrois Creek, Town of Coeymans, Albany County, New York (MCD 00103) - A. Gore (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report, PIN 0030.14.101, NY 454 Drainage Improvement Feuereisen Ave to Johnson Ave, Town of Islip, Suffolk County, New York - A. Gore (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resources Monitoring Report of PIN 2044.85.221, Bridge Replacement and Realignment of Route 30 over the Sacandaga River, Town o Wells, Hamilton County, New York - A. Gore (New York State Museum, 2017)

PIN 7042.45.121, US 11 and NY 26 Intersection Improvements in the Town of LeRay and Village of Evans Mills, Jefferson County, New York - A. Gore (New York State Museum, 2017)

Effects of Population Dispersal on Regional Signaling Networks: An Example from Northern Iroquoia - J. P. Hart; Birch, Jennifer; Gates St-Pierre, Christian (Science Advances, 2017)
The dispersal of Iroquoian groups from St. Lawrence River valley during the 15th and 16th centuries A.D. has been a source of archaeological inquiry for decades. Social network analysis presented here indicates that sites from Jefferson County, New York at the head of the St. Lawrence River controlled interactions within regional social signaling networks during the 15th century A.D. Measures indicate that Jefferson County sites were in brokerage liaison positions between sites in New York and Ontario. In the network for the subsequent century, to which no Jefferson County sites are assigned, no single group took the place of Jefferson County in controlling network flow. The dispersal of Jefferson County populations effectively ended this brokerage function concomitant with the emergence of the nascent Huron-Wendat and Iroquois confederacies and may have contributed to the escalation of conflict between these entities. These results add to a growing literature on the use of network analyses with archaeological data and contribute new insights into processes of population relocation and geopolitical realignment, as well as the role of borderlands and frontiers in nonstate societies.

Maize and Pits: Late Prehistoric Occupations of the Hurley Site in the Esopus Creek Valley, Ulster County, New York - J. P. Hart; H. J. Brumbach; L. M. Anderson; S. Winchell-Sweeney (Archaeology of Eastern North America, 2017)
There is a long-standing debate in the archaeological literature regarding the extent to which late-prehistoric Algonquian-language-speaking populations in temperate northeastern North America engaged in agricultural production. The Hurley site, located in the Esopus Creek valley of eastern New York, occupied from the cal. eleventh through sixteenth centuries A.D., falls within historical Algonquian territory. Evidence from this site including 439 deep pits, some with massive deposits of maize kernels, and human dental pathologies suggest that maize-based agriculture was a significant component of pre-Contact subsistence systems. The Hurley site adds to our understanding of the diversity of subsistence practices in historical Algonquian territories prior to European incursions.

Revisiting Onondaga Iroquois Prehistory through Social Network Analysis - J. P. Hart; Engelbrecht, W. (Process and Meaning in Spatial Archaeology: Investigations into Pre-Columbian Iroquoian Space and Place, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report, PIN 2057.48.101, Route 13 at Route 31, Intersection Safety Improvement, Town of Lenox, Madison County, New York - S. Higgins (New York State Museum, 2017)

Hinterland Settlement Patterns within the Chunchucmil Economic Region - Hixson, D. R.; D. E. Mazeau (Ancient Maya Commerce: Multidisciplinary Research at Chunchucmil, 2017)

Altitudinal Range Shifts of Birds at the Southern Periphery of the Boreal Forest: 40 Years of Change in the Adirondack Mountains - J. J. Kirchman; Van Keuren, A. E. (The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 2017)
Studies of geographic range shifts in response to climate warming that use data from Christmas Bird Counts or repeated state and provincial faunal atlases are better at detecting latitudinal shifts than altitudinal shifts because the coarse geographic scale of most citizen-science survey units masks the substantial elevational variation within their boundaries. To more directly measure altitudinal range shifts of forest-breeding bird species, we repeated an altitudinal transect survey conducted 40 years ago at Whiteface Mountain in the Adirondacks, New York, USA. We conducted roadside bird surveys at dawn and dusk at seven survey stations that ranged in altitude from 500 m to 1,425 m. We found considerable interspecific variation in the movement of altitudinal ranges, but document a preponderance of uphill shifts in both upper and lower boundaries of altitudinal breeding ranges. The shift of abundance-weighted mean altitudes for 42 species detected in both survey periods wasþ82.8 m. These shifts are correlated with a regional trend toward warmer summers from Adirondack weather station data collected over this same time period. Upper range boundaries have shifted more than lower boundaries, resulting in novel bird communities at some elevations (e.g., we found 13 species at 1,425 m vs 7 species at this altitude in 1974), resulting in a flattening of the altitudinal gradient of species richness. At low elevations we encountered several species that were not recorded on the transect in 1974, a trend we attribute to climate warming and anthropogenic habitat change at low altitudes. Our resurvey shows that there have been substantial upward range shifts in most bird species on Whiteface Mountain in the last four decades, and provides a basis for reassessment of altitudinal range dynamics at the southern edge of the North American boreal forest in the coming decades.
Keywords: Adirondack Mountains; boreal forest; climate change; elevation gradient; range dynamics; resurvey

The Curious Case of the First Specimen Record of Virginia's Warbler (Oreothlypis virginiae) from Eastern North America - J. J. Kirchman; Guthrie, R. (The Kingbird, 2017)

Terreneuvian Stratigraphy and Faunas from the Anabar Uplift, Siberia - Kouchinsky, Artem; Bengtson, Stefan; E. Landing; Steiner, Michael; Vendrasco, Michael; Ziegler, Karen (Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 2017)
Assemblages of mineralized skeletal fossils are described from limestone rocks of the lower Cambrian Nemakit-Daldyn, Medvezhya, Kugda-Yuryakh, Manykay, and lower Emyaksin formations exposed on the western and eastern flanks of the Anabar Uplift of the northern Siberian Platform. The skeletal fossil assemblages consist mainly of anabaritids, molluscs, and hyoliths, and also contain other taxa such as Blastulospongia, Chancelloria, Fomitchella, Hyolithellus, Platysolenites, Protohertzina, and Tianzhushanella. The first tianzhushanellids from Siberia, including Tianzhushanella tolli sp. nov., are described. The morphological variation of Protohertzina anabarica and Anabarites trisulcatus from their type locality is documented. Prominent longitudinal keels in the anabaritid Selindeochrea tripartita are demonstrated. Among the earliest molluscs from the Nemakit-Daldyn Formation, Purella and Yunnanopleura are interpreted as shelly parts of the same species. Fibrous microstructure of the outer layer and a wrinkled inner layer of mineralised cuticle in the organophosphatic sclerites of Fomitchella are reported. A siliceous composition of the globular fossil Blastulospongia is reported herein and a possible protistan affinity similar to Platysolenites is discussed. New carbon isotope data facilitate correlation both across the Anabar Uplift and with the Terreneuvian Series of the IUGS chronostratigraphical scheme for the Cambrian System. The base of Cambrian Stage 2 is provisionally placed herein within the Fortunian‒Cambrian Stage 2 transitional interval bracketed by the lowest appearance of Watsonella crosbyi and by a slightly higher horizon at the peak of carbon isotope excursion Iʹ from western flank of the Anabar Uplift. Correlation across the Siberian Platform of the fossiliferous Medvezhya and lower Emyaksin formations showing δ13Ccarb excursion Iʹ with the upper Sukharikha Formation containing excursion 5p and upper Ust’-Yudoma Formation containing excursion I is supported herein.
Keywords: Anabar; Cambrian; Carbon isotopes; Mollusca; Russia; Siberia; stratigraphy; Terreneuvian

Subsurface Exploration for Aggregates Part 1 -- Introduction to Drilling and Sampling Methods - A. L. Kozlowski (Material Matters, 2017)

Surficial Geology of the Sheldrake Quadrangle, Cayuga and Seneca Counties, New York - A. L. Kozlowski; Leone, J.; B. Bird; Porreca, C. (Map and Chart Series, 2017)

Smart Soldiers - Lander, D. R. (New York Archives Magazine, 2017)

Ediacaran– Cambrian of Avalonian Eastern Newfoundland (Avalon, Burin, and Bonavista Peninsulas) - E. Landing; Myrow, P.M.; Geyer, G.; McIlroy, D. (International Symposium on the Ediacaran–Cambrian Transition, 2017)

Integrated stratigraphic, geochemical, and paleontological late Ediacaran to early Cambrian records from southwestern Mongolia: Comment - E. Landing; Kruse, P. D. (Geological Society of America Bulletin, 2017)

Self-Taught American Scientist - E. Landing (The Best of New York Archives. Selections from the Magazine 2001‒2011, 2017)

Votes for Women: Celebrating New York's Suffrage Centennial - J. A. Lemak; A Hopkins-Benton (Excelsior Editions, 2017)

Cultural Resource Architectural Survey Report, PIN 2111.33.121, US Route 20 Pedestrian and Safety Improvements, Town of Nelson, Madison County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Architectural Survey Report, PIN 2805.77.101, Culvert C260155, NYS Route 12D, Village of Boonville, Oneida County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Architectural Survey Report, PIN 2805.77.101, Culvert C260154, NYS Route 12, Village of Boonville, Oneida County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resources Survey Report for an Architectural Survey of PIN 3287.17.121, Highway Safety Project, NY 370/Onondaga Lake Parkway and Old Liverpool Road, Town of Salina and Village of Liverpool Onondaga County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2017)

Evaluation of 7 Bridges, Falls Road Railroad Bridge Repair, Village of Brockport, Monroe County; Towns of Murray and Albion, Orleans County and City of Lockport, Niagara County - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2017)

An Historic American Building Survey Level II Documentation of the Earle & Vaughn Store, 69 George Street, NYSDOT PIN 1089.72.101, US 4/NY 149 Intersection Improvement, Village of Fort Ann, Washington County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2017)

Historic American Engineering Record Level II Documentation for PIN 2029.53.121: State Route 5S bridge over Terwilliger Creek, Town of Florida, Montgomery County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2017)

An Historic American Engineering Record Level II Documentation of the State Route 22 Bridge Spanning the Bouquet River, NYSDOT PIN 1130.69.101, Town of Westport/Hamlet of Wadhams Mills, Essex County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2017)

An Historic American Engineering Record Level II Documentation of the State Route 86 Bridge Spanning the West Branch of the Ausable River, NYSDOT PIN 1161.19.101, Town of Wilmington/Hamlet of Wilmington, Essex County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2017)

An Historic American Engineering Record Level II Documentation of the Cohoes-Waterford Bridge Spanning the Mohawk River, NYSDOT PIN 1460.42.101, City of Cohoes, Albany County and Village of Waterford, Saratoga County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2017)

An Historic American Engineering Record Level II Documentation of the Taconic Parkway Bridge Spanning County Route 27, NYSDOT PIN 8127.41, Town of Taghkanic, Columbia County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2017)

An Historic American Engineering Record Level II Documentation of the East Third Street Bridge Spanning the Hutchinson River Parkway and Hutchinson River, NYSDOT PIN 8BOW.24.101, City of Mount Vernon and Village of Pelham, Westchester County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2017)

PIN 7935.28.301, Critical New York & Ogdensburg Railroad Bridge Rehabilitation, Village of Norwood, St Lawrence County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2017)

PIN 8BOW.27.101, FEMA Digital Photography Package, Hutchinson River Parkway Bridge over Hutchinson River, City of Mount Vernon and Village of Pelham, Westchester County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2017)

PIN S937.64.301, Evaluation of Mohawk, Adirondack and Northern Railroad Culvert over Crane Creek, Town of Marcy, Oneida County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2017)

Paleoindian Landscapes in Southeastern and Central New York - J. C. Lothrop; Beardsley, Michael L.; Clymer, Mark L.; Diamond, Joseph E.; LaPorta, Philip C.; M.H. Younge; S. Winchell-Sweeney (PaleoAmerica, 2017)
In 1957 and 1969, William A. Ritchie published data on geographic distributions of Paleoindian sites and points in the New York region. Discrete clusters of fluted bifaces and Paleoindian sites were apparent, variously associated with proglacial lake plains, bedrock lithic sources and other late Pleistocene landscapes. Since 2009, as part of the New York Paleoindian Database Project (NYPID), New York State Museum (NYSM) researchers and colleagues have been working with individuals and institutions to augment these early data sets on Paleoindian points and sites across the state. Our current research, focused on southeastern and central New York, substantiates the Paleoindian point/site clusters recorded by Ritchie in these two areas. Documenting settlement during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, these point/site clusters are associated with former proglacial lake footprints in the Wallkill Valley and the Ontario Lowlands, respectively. These expanding data sets on the distribution, chronology, and lithic raw materials of these Paleoindian point and site clusters shed new light on the distinctive histories of early human occupation in these two sub-regions of New York.

Paleoindian Peoples and Landscapes of Northeastern North America: An Introduction - J. C. Lothrop; Singer, Zachary L. F. (PaleoAmerica, 2017)
In recent decades, with new site discoveries and expanding data sets, archaeologists have increasingly embraced landscape perspectives in researching Paleoindian peoples of northeastern North America. Reflecting this trend, the collected papers in this thematic issue report new analyses that alternately focus on (1) landscapes and settlement, or (2) toolstone sourcing and seasonal range mobility. These landscape approaches permit the authors to move from traditional site-centered studies to broader explorations of the lives of Paleoindians in northeastern North America.

Archaeology of the War of 1812 - Michael T. Lucas; Schablitsky, J. M. (Routledge, 2017)

A Deserted Garrison Village: Nottingham, Maryland - Michael T. Lucas; Swain, E. L. (Archaeology of the War of 1812, 2017)

Texture, Crystal Structure, and Composition of Fluorapatites From Iron Oxide-Apatite (Ioa) Deposits, Eastern Adirondack Mountains, New York - M. V. Lupulescu; Hughes, J. M.; J. R. Chiarenzelli; Bailey, D. G. (The Canadian Mineralogist, 2017)
The iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits of the eastern Adirondack Mountains consist of intrusive sheets or dikes of magnetite, fluorapatite, augitic pyroxene, quartz, and microcline. Other trace mineral phases include ilmenite with hematite exsolution, V-rich titanite rimming magnetite, zircon, monazite-(Ce), stillwellite-(Ce), lanthanite-(Ce), allanite-(Ce), and thorite. Observations under transmitted light show polygonal and cumulate textures. The ore bodies, each with knife-edge contacts with the host gneisses, are closely associated in time with A-type leucogranites and granitic gneisses (ca. 1070–1050 Ma). Backscattered electron (BSE) images highlight the following types of fluorapatite-monazite-(Ce) relations that formed as a result of metamorphism and fluid-rock interaction: (1) areas of relatively low BSE intensities containing tiny secondary monazite-(Ce) and thorite crystals developed within brighter apatite grains and along crystal margins and fractures; (2) areas of low BSE intensity within larger fluorapatite grains; (3) oriented rods of quartz in fluorapatite; (4) monazite-(Ce) rimming fluorapatite; and (5) multi-domain clusters of fluorapatite in unzoned fluorapatite. Fluorapatite samples from these IOA deposits were analyzed by electron microprobe and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for major and trace elements. All grains contain high concentrations of light and heavy rare earth elements and yttrium, and samples from some deposits are exceptionally enriched in heavy rare earth elements and yttrium. The crystal structures of the fluorapatites from Cheever, Mineville, Palmer Hill, Arnold Hill, and Rutgers mine were analyzed. Rare earth elements (REE) are dominant at the Ca2 site, and in the most REE-rich sample, from Cheever, 5.7% of the Ca2 sites and 3.5% of the Ca1 sites are occupied by REEs. We consider that the most likely geological scenario for the incorporation of the REEs in fluorapatite includes high concentrations of incompatible elements in a dense iron- and phosphorus-rich melt that formed by immiscibility with the silicate melt of the Lyon Mountain granite. The high REE concentration appears to have been accommodated in the fluorapatite structure through a coupled substitution with Si4+. A later, low-temperature stage of fluid infiltration, probably at greenschist facies conditions, re-mobilized the REE and produced secondary minerals within the ore, including low-actinide bearing monazite-(Ce), tremolite, ferro-actinolite, chlorite, rutile, and hematite.
Keywords: Adirondacks; Cheever Mineville; fluorapatite; Granite; IOA deposits; Lyon Mountain; REE

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report, PIN 2805.77.101, NYS Route 28 Culvert C230074, Town of Newport, Herkimer County, New York - A. Lynch (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report, PIN 3807.39.101, NYS Route 414 Culvert #C310070, Town of Fayette (MCD 09902), Seneca County, New York - A. Lynch (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report, PIN 3807.39.101, NYS Route 414 Culvert #C310070, Town of Fayette (MCD 09902), Seneca County, New York - A. Lynch (New York State Museum, 2017)

Recently completed excavations at the Engel Farm Precontact site in Albany, NY - D. E. Mazeau (Newsletter for the Conference on New England Archaeology, 2017)

Archaeological Data Recovery for the Coram Route 112 Site, PIN 0016.20.123 Addendum, New York State Route 112 Reconstruction from Interstate Route 495 to New York State Route 25, Coram, Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York - D. E. Merwin (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Architectural Survey Report, PIN 2805.77.101, Culvert C210071, NYS Route 349, Town of Mayfield, Fulton County, New York - D. E. Merwin; Sobik, C. (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Architectural Survey Report, PIN 2805.77.101, Culvert C230066, NYS Route 309, Town of Johnstown, Fulton County, New York - D. E. Merwin; Sobik, C. (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Phase I Report. PIN 1007.16.101, BIN1038070, New York State Route 144 over Hannacrois Creek, Town of Coeymans, Albany County, New York - Moragne, S. (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Phase I Report, PIN DEC Tug Hill, Skid Trails and Log Landings, DEC Tug Hill Wildlife Management Area, Town of Montague (MCD 04912), Lewis County, NY - Moragne, S. (New York State Museum, 2017)

A Spirit of Sacrifice: New York State in the First World War - Noble, A.; Keith Swaney; Vicki Weiss (Excelsior Editions, 2017)

Review of "Dam Projects and the Growth of American Archaeology: The River Basin Survey and the Interagency Archeological Salvage Program" edited by Kimball Banks and Jon A. Czaplicki - C. B. Rieth (Anthropology Review Database, 2017)
This collaboration summarizes an important period in the development of cultural resource management in the U.S. through first-hand accounts and detailed analyses of individual projects.

Introduction - Schablitsky, J. M.; Michael T. Lucas (Archaeology of the War of 1812, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Architectural Survey of PIN 2805.77.101, Culvert Project 17, CIN 230142, NYS Route 168, Town of Fairfield, Herkimer County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey of PIN 2805.77.101, Culvert Project 17, CIN 230074 Repair and Replacement, New York State Route 28, Village of Newport, Herkimer County, New York, Volume II: Architecture - V. A. Schmitt (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey of PIN 2805.77.101, Culvert Project 17, CIN 220002 Repair, New York State Route 8, Town of Morehouse, Hamilton County, New York, Architectural Survey. - V. A. Schmitt (New York State Museum, 2017)

PIN 1188.36.101 Route 67 over the Batten Kill Railroad, Town of White Creek (MCD 11156), Washington County, New York, 16PR03198, Part II: Architecture - V. A. Schmitt (New York State Museum, 2017)

PIN 2057.48.101 Route 13 at Route 31 Intersection Safety Improvement, Town of Lenox (MCD 05309), Madison County, New York, 15PR04072, Part II: Architecture - V. A. Schmitt (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report, DEC Stockport Wildlife Management Area, Rod and Gun Club Road, Towns of Stockport and Greenport, Columbia County, New York - Sobik, C. (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report, PIN 2805.77.101, Culvert C230071, NYS Route 349, Town of Mayfield, Fulton County, New York - Sobik, C. (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report, PIN 2805.77.101, Culvert C230066, NYS Route 309, Town of Johnstown, Fulton County, New York - Sobik, C. (New York State Museum, 2017)

The identity of Arhodia egenaria Walker, 1866 (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae) and a new synonym of Cicinnus melsheimeri (Harris, 1841) - St Laurent, R. A.; T. L. McCabe (Zootaxa, 2017)
The holotypes of Arhodia egenaria Walker, 1866 and Cicinnus primolus Schaus, 1928, syn. n., were examined. Both names are junior synonyms of C. melsheimeri (Harris, 1841). Cicinnus melsheimeri (as Perophora egenaria), sensu Hampson, 1904, is a misidentification of C. bahamensis St Laurent & McCabe, 2016.
Keywords: Lepidoptera; Mimallonidae; Mimallonoidea

Antacids for the Archaeological Soul: A Pre-Accessioning Culling Experiment - D. Staley (New York Archaeological Council Newsletter, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report, Oriskany Flats Wildlife Management Area Timber Harvest, Town of Whitestown and City of Rome, Oneida County, NY - D. Staley (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Addendum to PIN 9806.81.101 Replacement or Repair of Culvert C950108, NYS Route 80, and Site Examination of John Olive’s Blacksmith Shop Site, Hamlet of Springfield Center, Town of Springfield, Otsego County - D. Staley (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 2754.38.121 Higginsville Road Bridge (Bin 4426080), Town of Verona (MCD 06522), Oneida County, New York. Archaeology 17PR01982 - D. Staley (New York State Museum, 2017)

New Danburite Locality Discovered in the Town of Macomb, St. Lawrence County, New York - Sutherland, Andrew; Sutherland, Scott; Robinson, George W.; M. V. Lupulescu; Bailey, David G.; Chamberlain, Steven C. (Rocks & Minerals, 2017)
As an article on the classic danburite locality near Russell, New York, was going to press (Chamberlain, Lupulescu, Bailey 2015), another danburite occurrence was discovered farther to the west, in the Town of Macomb. This locality has similar mineralogy but a very different geological origin than the Russell occurrence. The purpose of this brief article is to report this second occurrence of danburite in St. Lawrence County, New York.

Architectural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report, PIN 3807.39.101, Regional Large Culvert Replacement NYS Route 414-Culvert C310070, Town of Fayette (MCD 09902), Seneca County, New York - T. Thomas (New York State Museum, 2017)

An Architectural Survey of PIN 8009.11.121 Replacement NYS Route 199 Culvert (C824084) Over a Tributary of Shekomeko Creek, Town of Pine Plains (MCD #02712), Dutchess County, New York - T. Thomas (New York State Museum, 2017)

The agnostoid arthropod Lotagnostus Whitehouse, 1936 (late Cambrian; Furongian) from Avalonian Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia, Canada) and its significance for international correlationAbstract - Westrop, S.R.; E. Landing (Geological Magazine, 2017)
New and archival collections from the Chelsey Drive Group of the Avalon terrane of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, yield late Cambrian trilobites and agnostoid arthropods with full convexity that contrast with compacted, often deformed material from shale and slate typical of Avalonian Britain. Four species of the agnostoid Lotagnostus form a stratigraphic succession in the upper Furongian (Ctenopyge tumida–Parabolina lobata zones). Two species, L. ponepunctus (Matthew, 1901) and L. germanus (Matthew, 1901) are previously named; L. salteri and L. matthewi are new. Lotagnostus trisectus (Salter, 1864), the type species of the genus, is restricted to compacted material from its type area in Malvern, England. Lotagnostus americanus (Billings, 1860) has been proposed as a globally appropriate index for the base of ‘Stage 10’ of the Cambrian. All four species from Avalonian Canada are differentiated clearly from L. americanus in its type area in Laurentian North America (i.e., from debris flow blocks in Taconian Quebec). In our view, putative occurrences of L. americanus from other Cambrian continents record very different species. Lotagnostus americanus cannot be recognized worldwide, and other taxa should be sought to define the base of Stage 10, such as the conodont Eoconodontus notchhpeakensis.
Keywords: Agnostida; Biostratigraphy; Cambrian; Furongian; Lotagnostus

A new diminutive genus and species of catfish from Lake Tanganyika (Siluriformes: Clariidae) - J. J Wright (Journal of Fish Biology, 2017)
The examination of material representing one of Lake Tanganyika's six previously recognized endemic catfish lineages, has revealed the presence of an additional genus of clariid, described here as Pseudotanganikallabes new genus. This genus is represented by a single species, Pseudotanganikallabes prognatha sp. nov., which is distinguished from all other clariids by its lack of an infraorbital series, the presence of multiple osseous connections between the swim bladder capsules and elements of the neurocranium, the absence of an ethmoid notch, the presence of a very large, egg-shaped occipital fontanelle and the extension of the lower lip beyond the margin of the upper jaw. A combination of additional external and molecular characters serves to further distinguish this taxon from all currently recognized clariid species. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial (cytb) and nuclear (18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S) sequence data supports the creation of a new genus for this species, as it appears to represent an independent, monophyletic lineage within the family Clariidae.

A Multiagency and Multijurisdictional Approach to Mapping the Glacial Deposits of the Great Lakes Region in Three Dimensions - Berg, R. C.; Brown, S. E.; Thomason, J. F.; Hasenmueller, N. R.; Letsinger, S. L.; Kincare, K. A.; Esch, J. M.; Kehew, A. E.; Thorleifson, L. H.; A. L. Kozlowski; B. Bird; Pavey, R. R.; et al. (Geological Society of America Special Papers, 2016)
The Great Lakes Geologic Mapping Coalition (GLGMC), consisting of state geological surveys from all eight Great Lakes states, the Ontario Geological Survey, and the U.S. Geological Survey, was conceived out of a societal need for unbiased and scientifically defensible geologic information on the shallow subsurface, particularly the delineation, interpretation, and viability of groundwater resources. Only a small percentage (<10%) of the region had been mapped in the subsurface, and there was recognition that no single agency had the financial, intellectual, or physical resources to conduct such a massive geologic mapping effort at a detailed scale over a wide jurisdiction. The GLGMC provides a strategy for generating financial and stakeholder support for three-dimensional (3-D) geologic mapping, pooling of physical and personnel resources, and sharing of mapping and technological expertise to characterize the thick cover of glacial sediments. Since its inception in 1997, the GLGMC partners have conducted detailed surficial and 3-D geologic mapping within all jurisdictions, and concurrent significant scientific advancements have been made to increase understanding of the history and framework of geologic processes. More importantly, scientific information has been provided to public policymakers in understandable formats, emphasis has been placed on training early-career scientists in new mapping techniques and emerging technologies, and a successful model has been developed of state/provincial and federal collaboration focused on geologic mapping, as evidenced by this program’s unprecedented and long-term successful experiment of 10 geological surveys working together to address common issues.

Late Quaternary Reconstruction of Lake Iroquois in the Ontario Basin of New York - B. Bird; A. L. Kozlowski (Map & Chart Series 80, 2016)

Surficial Geology of the Moravia Quadrangle, Cayuga County, New York - B. Bird; A. L. Kozlowski (Map & Chart Series 89, 2016)

Surficial Geology of the Sempronius Quadrangle, Cayuga County, New York - B. Bird; A. L. Kozlowski (Map & Chart Series 90, 2016)

Surficial Geology of the West Ninemile Point 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Cayuga County, New York - Bird, B.; A. L. Kozlowski (Map and Chart, 2016)

Palynology, dacryoconarids and the lower Eifelian (Middle Devonian) Basal Chotec Event: case studies from the Prague and Appalachian basins - Brocke, R.; Fatka, O.; Lindemann, R. H.; Schindler, E.; C. A. Ver Straeten (Devonian Climate, Sea Level and Evolutionary Events, 2016)
During recent studies of the Basal Choteč Event (BCE) at its type locality (Na Škrábku Quarry at Choteč Village, Prague Basin of the Barrandian area, Czech Republic) and selected sections of time-equivalent strata in the Appalachian Basin (USA), palynomorphs and dacryoconarids have proven responsive to changing environmental conditions. To date, there have been no detailed reports of dacryoconarids from the Appalachian Basin (AB) and none of palynomorphs from Bohemia or elsewhere. Palynomorphs of the Barrandian area comprise a more or less monospecific assemblage of prasinophycean algae interpreted here to represent an ecological epibole. Mazuelloids and scolecodonts are also present, whereas acritarchs, spores and chitinozoans are accessory components. Prasinophytes also predominate in coeval strata of the Appalachian Basin’s northern region, whereas a chitinozoan species and morphotypes possibly assignable to fungi abound in the central region. Scolecodonts and acritarchs are regionally variable throughout the interval. The former are rare in the central region of the basin but are ubiquitous and sometimes abundant in the northern region. Dacryoconarids of the Appalachian Basin are also regionally variable. The dacryoconarid fauna of the northern region, however, descended from a previous Emsian fauna that diversified during the BCE and subsequently functioned as the foundation of the upper Eifelian faunas, while dacryoconarids of the central region represent an incursion epibole of Old World forms that entered the basin at the onset of the event interval and became extinct at its close. Among the dacryoconarids there are key taxa that serve as excellent biostratigraphic markers to identify the BCE in the Appalachian Basin. In both the Prague and Appalachian basins, the BCE occurs near the maximum transgression of the Devonian Ic sequence. Additional faunal changes are found in the Appalachian Basin leading up to the main body of the event.
Keywords: Appalachian Basin; Basal Choteč Event; Biostratigraphy; Devonian

Atlas of Inland Fishes of New York - Carlson, D. M.; R. A. Daniels; J. J Wright (New York State Museum Record, 2016)

Collector's Guide to the Black Tourmaline of Pierrepont, New York - S. C. Chamberlain; Robinson, G. W.; Walter, M. R.; J. R. Chiarenzelli; M. V. Lupulescu; Bailey, D. G. (Schiffer Publishing, Ltd., 2016)

Bedrock Geology of the Witherbee Quadrangle, Essex County, New York - J. R. Chiarenzelli; M. V. Lupulescu; Grohn, L.; de Santana do Nascimento; Walton, M. (Map and Chart Series 93, 2016)

Data Recovery Plan for the O’Donnell Site, Route 376 at Robinson Lane, Town of East Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York - H. Clark (New York State Museum, 2016)

Peptide Sequences from the First Castoroides ohioensis Skull and the Utility of Old Museum Collections for Palaeoproteomics - Cleland, Timothy P.; Schroeter, Elena R.; R. S. Feranec; Vashishth, Deepak (Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2016)
Vertebrate fossils have been collected for hundreds of years and are stored in museum collections around the world. These remains provide a readily available resource to search for preserved proteins; however, the vast majority of palaeoproteomic studies have focused on relatively recently collected bones with a well-known handling history. Here, we characterize proteins from the nasal turbinates of the first Castoroides ohioensis skull ever discovered. Collected in 1845, this is the oldest museum-curated specimen characterized using palaeoproteomic tools. Our mass spectrometry analysis detected many collagen I peptides, a peptide from haemoglobin beta, and in vivo and diagenetic post-translational modifications. Additionally, the identified collagen I sequences provide enough resolution to place C. ohioensis within Rodentia. This study illustrates the utility of archived museum specimens for both the recovery of preserved proteins and phylogenetic analyses.

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN X731.27.121, Bruckner Access and Connectivity Improvements, New York City, Baychester & Pelham Bay Park, Bronx County, New York - B. R. Dale (New York State Museum, 2016)

St. Lawrence Iroquoians and Pan-Iroquoian Social Network Analysis - Dermarker, S.; Birch, Jennifer; Shafie, Termeh; J. P. Hart; Williamson, Ronald F. (Ontario Archaeology, 2016)
St. Lawrence Iroquoians have long been seen being as culturally separate from other Iroquoian groups, a position supported by their disappearance in the mid-sixteenth century. In this paper, Social Network Analysis of Iroquoian ceramic collar motifs and two characteristic St. Lawrence ceramic types repositions this group, most fundamentally the Jefferson County Iroquoians, as a central and integral constituent of a highly fluid pan-Iroquoian ceramic social signalling system that, we argue, reflects changing socio-political relationships. Specifically, we suggest that the strong social ties of the late fifteenth century may be reflected in subsequent distinct movements and integrations of St. Lawrence Iroquoian peoples with Ancestral Wendat and Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) communities.

Incorporating Archaeological Resources in Landscape-Level Planning and Management - Doelle, William H.; Barker, Pat; Cushman, David; Heilen, Michael; Herhahn, Cynthia; C. B. Rieth (Advances in Archaeological Practice, 2016)
The increasing importance of landscape-scale research and preservation goals within the archaeological profession coincides with expanded threats to the archaeological record through massive energy exploration and infrastructure projects and through the cumulative effects of smaller-scale development. It is further stimulated by the recognition that conservation strategies that span multiple resource classes and disciplines are best formulated at multiple and larger spatial scales. These are key drivers behind efforts to improve the ways that archaeological resources are considered in the context of development-related planning and implementation, including mitigation measures. In a prominent example, recent department-level direction from the Secretary of the Interior calls specifically for landscape-level planning as a critical component of responses to both large-scale development and climate change. This article reviews three current approaches to landscape-level planning in archaeology and calls for increased commitment to advancing their development and effectiveness.

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2805.67.101, Replacement of Culvert CIN 250055, NYS Route 10, Town of Canajoharie, Montgomery County, New York - Dubuque, J. (New York State Museum, 2016)

Stable Isotopes Show Resource Partitioning Among the Early Late Miocene Herbivore Community at Rudabánya II: Paleoenvironmental implications for the hominoid, Rudapithecus hungaricus - Eastham, L.C.; R. S. Feranec; Begun, D.R. (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2016)
Examining how species use and partition resources within an environment can lead to a better understanding of community assembly and diversity. The rich early Late Miocene (early Vallesian) deposits at Rudabánya II (R. II) in northern central Hungary preserve an abundance of forest dwelling taxa, including the hominoid Rudapithecus hungaricus. Here we use the carbon and oxygen stable isotope compositions of tooth enamel carbonate from 10 genera of medium to large-bodied mammals to evaluate resource use and partitioning among the herbivore community, and to reconstruct the paleoenvironment of Rudapithecus. The range of stable carbon and oxygen isotope values (δ13CE and δ18OE) displayed by the R. II fauna indicates a variable forest environment, which included both open and closed canopy habitats. The relatively low δ13CE and δ18OE values found in all sampled taxa are consistent with high levels of precipitation and humidity. Significant differences in stable isotope values were observed among the sampled fauna, supporting the interpretation of resource specialization and partitioning. Higher δ13CE values found in Aceratherium incisivum (Rhinocerotidae), Lucentia aff. pierensis (Cervidae), Hippotherium intrans (Equidae), Tetralophodon longirostris (Gomphotheriidae), Propotamochoerus palaeochoerus and Parachleuastochoerus kretzoii (Suidae) suggest foraging in more open canopy habitats, while lower δ13CE values found in Miotragocerus sp. (Bovidae), Dorcatherium naui (Tragulidae), and Micromeryx flourensianus (Moschidae) imply a preference for more densely canopied habitats. Several of the sampled taxa yielded relatively higher δ18OE and δ13CE values indicative of fruit consumption, including the small ruminants, cervid, and bovid. The analyzed isotope values reflect a moderate degree of dietary niche overlap between taxa. An abundance of plant resources likely allowed for the coexistence of this diverse community of predominantly browsing herbivores. Within the gradient of more open to closed canopy forest, it is likely that Rudapithecus occupied dense closed canopy habitats where access to fruit was relatively continuous. The progressive fragmentation and replacement of humid forests by more open and seasonal woodlands during the late Vallesian would have had a significant influence on the extinction of this fossil ape.

Are Hypsodonty and Occlusal Enamel Complexity Evolutionarily Correlated in Ungulates? - Famoso, N. A.; Davis, E. B.; R. S. Feranec; Hopkins, S. S. B.; Price, S. A. (Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2016)
The spread of grasslands and cooling climate in the Miocene contributed to an increasingly abrasive diet for ungulates. This increase in abrasiveness is proposed to select for both hypsodonty and increasing complexity of occlusal enamel bands. If these traits evolved in response to strong selection to resist tooth wear while feeding in grassland habitats, we might expect them to have evolved in a correlated fashion. If, on the other hand, there was a developmental or physiological constraint, or if selection was not strong on total enamel production, we would expect species to have evolved one or the other of these traits at a time, producing an uncorrelated, or even inversely correlated, pattern of trait evolution. To test these hypotheses, we examined the Occlusal Enamel Index (OEI) and Hypsodonty Index (HI) of 773 ungulate teeth. We tested the dependence of OEI on HI for the orders Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla using phylogenetic generalized least squares regression (PGLS). The two traits are not significantly correlated in the PGLS, for Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla. Despite their physical proximity, close functional utility, and conventional correlation, our results reject the hypothesis that HI and OEI are evolutionarily linked in these lineages, suggesting that selection to resist tooth wear was not so strong as to drive the overall evolutionary trajectory of both these traits at the same time.
Keywords: Artiodactyla; Equini; Hipparionini; hypsodonty; Occlusal enamel complexity; Phylogenetic generalized least squares regression

Implications of a Bayesian radiocarbon calibration of colonization ages for mammalian megafauna in glaciated New York State after the Last Glacial Maximum - R. S. Feranec; A. L. Kozlowski (Quaternary Research, 2016)
To understand what factors control species colonization and extirpation within specific paleoecosystems, we analyzed radiocarbon dates of megafaunal mammal species from New York State after the Last Glacial Maximum. We hypothesized that the timing of colonization and extirpation were both driven by access to preferred habitat types. Bayesian calibration of a database of 39 radiocarbon dates shows that caribou (Rangifer tarandus) were the first colonizers, then mammoth (Mammuthus sp.), and finally American mastodon (Mammut americanum). The timing of colonization cannot reject the hypothesis that colonizing megafauna tracked preferred habitats, as caribou and mammoth arrived when tundra was present, while mastodon arrived after boreal forest was prominent in the state. The timing of caribou colonization implies that ecosystems were developed in the state prior to 16,000 cal yr BP. The contemporaneous arrival of American mastodon with Sporormiella spore decline suggests the dung fungus spore is not an adequate indicator of American mastodon population size. The pattern in the timing of extirpation is opposite to that of colonization. The lack of environmental changes suspected to be ecologically detrimental to American mastodon and mammoth coupled with the arrival of humans shortly before extirpation suggests an anthropogenic cause in the loss of the analyzed species.
Keywords: 14C; Bayesian calibration; Habitat tracking; last glacial maximum; Mammal; New York

The Precambrian–Phanerozoic and Ediacaran–Cambrian Boundaries: A Historical Approach to a Dilemma - G. Geyer; E. Landing (Earth System Evolution and Early Life: A Celebration of the Work of Martin Brasier, 2016)
The Cambrian was originally defined as a rock interval with a trilobite-dominated fauna that overlay a presumed biologically barren Precambrian epoch. Work to formally define the Cambrian base arose after the discovery of Precambrian macrofossils in South Australia. The Working Group on the Precambrian–Cambrian Boundary (set up in 1972) promoted an emphasis on an extended pre-trilobitic interval with mineralized skeletal elements (small shelly fossils or early skeletal fossils). The study of early skeletal fossils made the Ulakhan-Sulugur (Siberia) and Meishucun (South China) sections candidates for the basal Cambrian Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), but difficulties in correlation and the taxonomy of early skeletal fossils did not allow the selection of a reliably correlative horizon. Bilaterian ichnofaunas below the first diverse early skeletal fossils suggested the definition of a Cambrian base GSSP below the early skeletal fossils. Work on the thick, stratigraphically continuous and fairly unifacial sections in the Burin Peninsula, southeastern Newfoundland led in 1992 to an ichnofossil-defined GSSP at Fortune Head. Despite arguments for a revision and redefinition of the lower boundary of the Cambrian System, the best definition of the basal Cambrian GSSP is at Fortune Head and does not rely on the Treptichnus/Trichophycus pedum (abbreviated below as T. pedum) first appearance datum, but rather on the base of the T. pedum Assemblage Zone at the highest occurrence of Ediacaran taxa and in the lower range of T. pedum.

Addendum Phase I Reconnaissance Survey and Phase II Site Examination of PIN 1013.11.101, Old Lexington Village Site (NYSM #12666), NY 42 over Schoharie Creek, Hamlet of Lexington, Town of Lexington, Greene County, New York - A. Gore (New York State Museum, 2016)

Cultural Resource Architectural and Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey Report PIN 7805.86 US Rte 11 Culvert Repairs, Hamlet of Moira, Town of Moira, Franklin County, New York - A. Gore (New York State Museum, 2016)

Phase I Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2805.73.101, Traffic Signal Improvement 16, Towns of Fultonville, Mayfield, Richfield and City of Amsterdam; Fulton, Montgomery and Otsego Counties, New York, 16PR02657 - A. Gore (New York State Museum, 2016)

Phase I Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2805.73.101, Traffic Signal Improvement 16, NY Routes 30A and 920P, Village of Fultonville, Montgomery County, New York, 16PR02657 - A. Gore (New York State Museum, 2016)

Paleovertebrate communities - Hadly, E. A.; R. S. Feranec (Ecosystems of California, 2016)

Nation Building and Social Signaling in Southern Ontario: A.D. 1350–1650 - J. P. Hart; Shafie, Termeh; Birch, Jennifer; Dermarkar, Susan; Williamson, Ronald F. (PLOS ONE, 2016)
Pottery is a mainstay of archaeological analysis worldwide. Often, high proportions of the pottery recovered from a given site are decorated in some manner. In northern Iroquoia, late pre-contact pottery and early contact decoration commonly occur on collars—thick bands of clay that encircle a pot and extend several centimeters down from the lip. These decorations constitute signals that conveyed information about a pot’s user(s). In southern Ontario the period A.D. 1350 to 1650 witnessed substantial changes in socio-political and settlement systems that included population movement, coalescence of formerly separate communities into large villages and towns, waxing and waning of regional strife, the formation of nations, and finally the development of three confederacies that each occupied distinct, constricted areas. Social network analysis demonstrates that signaling practices changed to reflect these regional patterns. Networks become more consolidated through time ultimately resulting in a “small world” network with small degrees of separation between sites reflecting the integration of communities within and between the three confederacies.
Keywords: northern Iroquoia; pottery decoration; Social network analysis; southern Ontario

New Trends in Prehistoric North-eastern North American Agriculture Evidence: A View from Central New York - J. P. Hart (The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Diet, 2016)
A primary focus of research on plant use by Native Americans in temperate north-eastern North America has been on the adoption of agricultural crops domesticated elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere. The adoption of the triad maize, common bean, and squash, particularly, has been seen as transformative—changing mobile hunter-gatherers into sedentary or semi-sedentary agriculturists. Based on a decade and a half of research, focused on central New York, it is now established that the three crops have separate histories and that their respective adoptions did not lead to major changes in subsistence systems. Much of this shift is based on microbotanical research. Intensive sampling and analysis of macrobotanical remains have similarly extended our knowledge of wild plant use in the North-east. There is a distinct need to build multiple lines of evidence across the North-east in order to build more comprehensive understandings of crop histories.

Cultural Resource Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3807.39.101, C350007, Regional Large Culvert Replacement Contract, Route 3 at Mud Creek, Town of Richland, Oswego County, New York - S. Higgins (New York State Museum, 2016)

Cultural Resource Screening Survey (Phase IA) Addendum Report for PIN 3043.65.121, Replacement of Route 11 Bridge (BIN 4008450) Over Oneida River, Towns of Cicero and Hastings, Onondaga and Oswego Counties, New York - S. Higgins (New York State Museum, 2016)

An anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) investigation of the till fabric of drumlins: support for an accretionary origin - Hopkins, Nathan R.; Evenson, Edward B.; Kodama, Kenneth P.; A. L. Kozlowski (Boreas, 2016)
This paper describes the results of a spatially dense anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) till fabric study of a single drumlin in the Weedsport Drumlin Field, New York State, USA. AMS till fabrics provide a robust, quantitative and unbiased approach to assess subglacial till kinematics and infer ice-flow dynamics. The drumlin selected for this detailed investigation was systematically sampled at 18 locations to evaluate the patterns of ice flow and associated till kinematics within a drumlin and to test erosional vs. depositional models for its formation. AMS till fabric analysis yielded strong fabrics that increase in strength towards the drumlin crest, indicating that bed deformation occurred during till deposition and that deformation within the drumlin was greater than that in the interdrumlin low. Fabric orientations reveal drumlin convergent, divergent and parallel ice-flow paths that illustrate a complex interaction between ice flow and the drumlin form; fabric strength and shape reveal systematic differences in bed deformation between the interdrumlin and drumlin regions. These observations are inconsistent with purely erosional models of drumlin genesis; instead, these observations are more consistent with syndepositional streamlining of till transported, probably locally as a deforming bed, from the interdrumlin low towards the drumlin locality.
Keywords: anisotropy magnetic susceptibility; drumlin; New York state; till fabric; Weedsport Drumlin Field

Mining, Geology, and Geological HIstory of Garnet at the Barton Garnet Mine, Gore Mountain, New York - W. M. Kelly (The Adirondack Journal of Environmental Studies, 2016)
Garnet microcrysts commonly 30 centimeters (cm) ranging up to 1 meter (m) in diameter occur at the summit of Gore Mountain, Adirondacks, NY and were mined there for abrasives for more than a century. The mine, owned by Barton Mines, Co., LLC, is roughly 2 km x 150 m and is located in a horneblende-rich garnet amphibolite at the southern boundary of a metamorphosed olivine gabbro body that is in fault contact with charnockite. Barton supplies garnet, a chemically homogeneous pyrope-almandine, to the waterjet cutting, lapping, and abrasive coating industries. The garnet megacrysts are reliably dated at 1049±5 Ma. The growth of the garnet megacrysts was facilitated by an influx of hydrothermal fluid emanating from the ore body's southern boundary fault. The fluids were most probably associated with the intrusion of the Lyon Mountain Granite (1049.9±10 Ma) and/or associated pegmatitic rocks late in the techtonic history of the Adirondacks.

New York State Museum: A Well Illustrated, Curated and Exhibited History of Science and Art - Kernan, P. (The Botanical Artist, 2016)

The Adirondack archipelago - J. J. Kirchman; Ralston, J. (Adirondack Journal of Environmental Studies, 2016)

Geology of the Union Springs Quadrangle, Cayuga County, New York - A. L. Kozlowski; B. Bird; Leone, J.; Graham, B. (Map & Chart Series 88, 2016)

Odontoschisma (Dumortier) Dumortier - Krayesky, D. M.; L. Leonardi; Chmielewski, J. G. (Bryophyte Flora of North America, Provisional Publication., 2016)

Comment on “Terreneuvian Small Shelly Faunas of East Yunnan (South China) and Their Biostratigraphic Implications” - E. Landing; G. Geyer (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2016)
The recent article by Yang et al. (2014 provides a very useful summary of the litho- and biostratigraphy of the sub-trilobitic lower Cambrian on the tropical shelf of South China. Our concern with this article is that it did not drawon or utilize existing reports that followed IUGS protocols in the proposal of a GSSP horizon and locality for informal Stage 2 of the lower Cambrian. Indeed, a proposal of an integrated bio- and chemostratigraphic signature (i.e., the peak of the L4 carbon isotope excursion within the Watsonella crosbyi Assemblage Zone in South China) for the base of Stage 10 and the location of a Stage 2 GSSP 9 m below the top of the Dahai Member at the Laolin roadcut offers the potential for correlation of a Stage 2 base across southern China and globally (i.e., into Siberla and Avalonia).

Correlation of the Cambrian Evolutionary Radiation: geochronology, evolutionary stasis of earliest Cambrian (Terreneuvian) small shelly fossil (SSF) taxa, and chronostratigraphic significance - E. Landing; Kouchinsky, A. (Geological Magazine, 2016)
Early faunas with Watsonella crosbyi with or without Aldanella spp. have been equated with the Siberian Tommotian Stage (uppermost Terreneuvian) and used to define a proposed Cambrian Stage 2 base. Much earlier Terreneuvian occurrences are now shown by recovery of these micromolluscs below the I’ carbon excursion in the Siberian ‘Nemakit-Daldynian’ Stage and comparable δ13C excursions in the middle Meishucunian (China) and middle Chapel Island Formation (Avalonia). This δ13C excursion, a reliable Stage 2 marker, lies in a c. 10 Ma interval in the Cambrian Radiation in which long-ranged small shelly fossil taxa provide limited biostratigraphic resolution.
Keywords: Cambrian Evolutionary Radiation; Meishucunian; Siberia; Terreneuvian; Tommotian

Surficial Geology of the Delmar Quadrangle, Albany County, New York - Leone, J.; A. L. Kozlowski; Dineen, R. (Map & Chart Series 91, 2016)

Cultural Resource Survey Report for an Architectural Survey of PIN 8392.01.101, U. S. 6/Metro North Railroad, Village of Brewster, Town of Southeast, Putnam County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2016)

Cultural Resources Survey Report for an Architectural Survey of PIN X731.27.121, Bruckner Access and Connectivity Improvements, New York City, Baychester & Pelham Bay Park, Bronx County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2016)

Historic American Engineering Report (HAER) for the Cohoes-Waterford Bridge, City of Cohoes, Albany County and Town of Waterford, Saratoga County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2016)

Current Archaeological Research on Paleoindian Sites in Central New York - J. C. Lothrop; Michael Beardsley; Mark Clymer; S. Winchell-Sweeney; M.H. Younge (Late Pleistocene Geology, Environments and Archaeology in the Oneida Basin and Ontario Lowland of Central New York, 2016)

Early Human Settlement of Northeastern North America - J. C. Lothrop; Lowery, Darrin L.; Spiess, Arthur E.; Ellis, Christopher J. (PaleoAmerica, 2016)
This paper summarizes current evidence for earliest human occupation of northeastern North America during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. We review evolution of the region’s landscapes and evidence of archaeological chronologies as context for understanding human settlement of the region. Current data support limited evidence for pre-Clovis occupation south of the Laurentide glacial margin, followed by a significant temporal gap prior to early Paleoindian settlement of the region. Despite differences in subregional data sets, mapping of site distributions and assemblage data do support the notion of variation in lifeways between Paleoindian populations occupying formerly glaciated parts of the Northeast in the late Pleistocene, versus contemporary groups in lands south of the Laurentide glacial margin. Through time, the greatest differences in Paleoindian land use and technology occur between the Younger Dryas and early Holocene.

Paleoindian Peoples and Landscapes of Northeastern North America - J. C. Lothrop; Singer, Z. L. (Eastern States Archeological Federation, 2016)

Review of "Clovis Caches: Recent Discoveries and New Research" by Bruce B Huckell and J David Kilby (eds) - J. C. Lothrop (North American Archaeologist, 2016)

“Palatine Germans", Mohawk-Irokesen und Europäische Pfeifen aus Ton - Michael T. Lucas (Plötzlich Da: Deutsche Bittsteller 1709, Türkische Nachbarn 1961, 2016)

Review of “A Desolate Place for a defiant People: The Archaeology of Maroons, Indigenous Americans, and Enslaved Laborers in the Great Dismal Swamp” By Daniel O. Sayers - Michael T. Lucas (Historical Archaeology, 2016)

Review of “Disease and Discrimination: Poverty and Pestilence in Colonial Atlantic America” by Dale L. Hutchinson - Michael T. Lucas (Historical Archaeology, 2016)

“To our Inn we March’d Away”: Public Contexts for Consuming Alcohol and Tobacco in a Small Chesapeake Town, 1690-1720 - Michael T. Lucas (Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology, 2016)
Historical archaeology has been interested in public drinking houses since its beginnings. Even with the support of years of archaeological case studies, significant challenges remain in making a connection between the material culture recovered from the archaeological record and the operation of a drinking house. Most scholarship accepts the importance of drinking houses, or ordinaries, in the Chesapeake, in the social, political, and economic development of the region. In many ways the experience and social fabric of early Chesapeake towns are synonymous with the ordinary. A constructive approach to defining the place of ordinaries in the early modern Chesapeake requires considerable interpretive flexibility. Contrasting the historical and archaeological data on the ordinaries in Charles Town (1684-1721), Prince George’s County, Maryland, illustrates the methodological difficulties in triangulating among these sources, but also the capacity for archaeology to tangibly demonstrate how social drinking and smoking structured the broader landscape of public interaction in the early modern Chesapeake region.

Rare Earth Element and Yttrium Mineral Occurrences in the Adirondack Mountains - M. V. Lupulescu; J. R. Chiarenzelli; Singer, J. (Adirondack Journal of Environmental Studies, 2016)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 0TON.Y4, Welcome Center at Northern State Parkway Exit 25, Village of Lake Success, Town of North Hempstead, Nassau County, New York - D. E. Mazeau (New York State Museum, 2016)

Cultural Resources Survey Report for PIN 0011.43.101, Addendum Survey for PIN 0011.43.101: NY 231 at Northern State Parkway Improvements, Hamlet of Dix Hills, Town of Huntington, Suffolk County, New York - D. E. Mazeau (New York State Museum, 2016)

Rapid changes of magnetic Field polarity in the late Ediacaran: Linking the Cambrian evolutionary radiation and increased UV-B radiation - Meert, Joseph G.; Levashova, Natalia M.; Bazhenov, Mikhail L.; E. Landing (Gondwana Research, 2016)
Novelty in the biological world is the culmination of genetic changes often triggered by the physical environment. The most radical phase of biological evolution took place during the Cambrian Evolutionary Radiation (CER). Prior to the CER, bacterial matgrounds and associated communities of Ediacaran organisms dominated the shallow seafloor. Near the end of the Ediacaran Period, ~550 million years ago, many soft-bodied biota went extinct. In the Early Cambrian, animals with the ability to burrow vertically altered the ecology of the seafloor and biomineralization became commonplace. Here we link the terminal Ediacaran extinction, the Cambrian substrate revolution and the diversification of biomineralizing organisms to changes associated with the reversal frequency of the Earth’s magnetic field. Beginning around 550 Ma and continuing through much of the Cambrian, the Earth’s magnetic field was rapidly reversing. Models, and limited paleointensity studies, indicate that rapid reversals are a feature of an overall weaker dipole. A weakened dipole reduces the dimensions of the magnetosphere that provides a barrier to incoming cosmic radiation. Here we show that the environmental effects of that collapse include increased dosing of UVB radiation into the shallow marine environment. Increased UVB radiation in the shallow marine environment provided selective pressure favoring organisms that could detect and avoid UVB damage by burrowing vertically, moving up or down in the water column, growing protective shells and other ‘flight from light’ mechanisms. These changes took place in advance of the CER, but effectively cleared the ecological space for the subsequent changes in the later Cambrian.

New Insights on Rift Basin Development and the Geological Carbon Cycle, Mass Extinction, and Carbon Sequestration from Outcrops, and New Core, Drill Holes and Seismic Lines from the Northern Newark Basin (New York and New Jersey) - Olson, P.; Kinney, S.; Zakharova, N.; Schlische, R.; Withjack, M.; Kent, D.; Goldberg, D.; B. E. Slater (2016 NYSGA Field Trip Guide Book, 2016)

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report for West Prattsville Site A and West Prattsville Site C, PIN 1BOW.27.101, BIN 1-01767-0, NY 23 over Schoharie Creek, Village of Prattsville, Greene County, New York - M. Pickands; J. S. Cardinal; H. Clark; A. Lynch (New York State Museum, 2016)

Interlocking-induced Stiffness in Stochastically Microcracked Materials Beyond the Transport Percolation Threshold - Picu, R. C.; Pal, A.; M. V. Lupulescu (Physical Review E, 2016)
We study the mechanical behavior of two-dimensional, stochastically microcracked continua in the range of crack densities close to, and above, the transport percolation threshold. We show that these materials retain stiffness up to crack densities much larger than the transport percolation threshold due to topological interlocking of sample subdomains. Even with a linear constitutive law for the continuum, the mechanical behavior becomes nonlinear in the range of crack densities bounded by the transport and stiffness percolation thresholds. The effect is due to the fractal nature of the fragmentation process and is not linked to the roughness of individual cracks.

Dodging snowballs: Geochronology of the Gaskiers glaciation and the first appearance of the Ediacaran biota - Pu, Judy P.; Bowring, Samuel A.; Ramezani, Jahandar; Myrow, Paul; Raub, Timothy D.; E. Landing; Mills, Andrea; Hodgin, Eben; Macdonald, Francis A. (Geology, 2016)
The snowball Earth hypothesis predicts that low-latitude glaciation lasted millions of years while CO2 built up to critical levels to culminate in catastrophic deglaciation in a supergreenhouse climate. The Gaskiers Formation of eastern Newfoundland (Canada) has been attributed to a snowball glaciation event, but the lack of robust paleomagnetic data and precise geochronological constraints has precluded tests of the hypothesis. Here we present high-precision U-Pb zircon geochronology (chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry) from eight tuffs from multiple distant stratigraphic sections that bracket glacial diamictites and the first appearance of large Ediacaran fossils. Including internal error, deposition of the Gaskiers diamictite on the Avalon Peninsula is constrained to have been between 580.90 ± 0.40 and 579.88 ± 0.44 Ma, and the Trinity diamictite on Bonavista Peninsula was deposited between 579.63 ± 0.15 and 579.24 ± 0.17 Ma. Assuming approximately synchronous deglaciation, these results imply a maximum duration for deposition of the Trinity diamictite of ≤340 k.y.; this is inconsistent with the multimillion year duration predicted by the snowball Earth hypothesis. Our geochronologic data also constrain the first appearance datum of Ediacaran fossils to <9.5 m.y. after the Gaskiers glaciation. Thus, despite existing paleomagnetic constraints that indicate that marine ice sheets extended to low to middle latitudes, it appears that Earth narrowly escaped a third Neoproterozoic snowball glaciation just prior to the late Ediacaran expansion of metazoan ecosystems.

Late Prehistoric Household Archaeology in Eastern New York - C. B. Rieth (P@lethnology, 2016)
Archaeological studies of households provide us with information about the interactions between past populations, the ways that they organized their settlements and the relationship of disparate segments of a community to each other. By examining the effects of households at several different scales, archaeologists can better understand the processes that underly human behavior. This paper examines the Latre Prehistoric Getman site in New York and the role of Iroquoian households as represented in the compartment, longhouse, and village contexts. Conclusions about equality, resource use, and the spatial organization of the loghouse are suggested.

The Vroman I Site (NYSM# 10146 and 10148): A Transitional/Early Woodland Camp in the Town of Schoharie, Schoharie County, New York - C. B. Rieth (The Bulletin: Journal of the New York State Archaeological Association, 2016)
The Vrooman I site consists of a small Transitional/Early Woodland campsite located near the confluence of the Fox and Schoharie creeks in the Town of Schoharie, Schoharie County, New York. The site produced a small concentration of chert flakes, broken bifaces, a broken (Woodland) projective point, and small expedient tools. The absence of features reinforces the site's tentative nature. Comparisons with contemporaneous sites in eastern New York place the site within a larger regional seetlement and interaction system.

Cultural Resource Archaeological Addendum Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN DEC Genesee, Access Road Through The Genesee Valley Wildlife Management Area, Town of Portage Livingston County, New York - J. Ross (New York State Museum, 2016)

Cultural Resource Screening Survey (Phase IA) Addendum Report of PIN 3287.17.121 Highway Safety Project, Rt. 370-Onondaga Lake Parkway, Old Liverpool Road to I-81 Ramps, Village of Liverpool and Town of Salina(MCDs 06746 and 06715) Onondaga County - J. Ross (New York State Museum, 2016)

Cultural Reconnaissance Survey Part II: Architecture, PIN 1236.27.101, NYS Route 29 over the Battenkill River Replacement of BIN 1020720, Towns of Easton and Greenwich, Washington County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (New York State Museum, 2016)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 2805.73.101, Traffic Signal Improvement 16, NY Route 30 and North School Street, Town of Mayfield, Fulton County, New York, Volume II: Architecture, 16PR02657 - V. A. Schmitt (New York State Museum, 2016)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 2805.73.101, Traffic Signal Improvement 16, NY Routes 30A and 920P, Village of Fultonville, Montgomery County, New York, Volume II Architecture, 16PR02657 - V. A. Schmitt (New York State Museum, 2016)

Investigation of Unanticipated Discovery for PIN 7044.26.321, Tupper Lake Village, Routes 3 and 30, Franklin County, New York - Sobik, C. (New York State Museum, 2016)

The Mimallonidae (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea) of the Caribbean Basin, with the descriptions of two new species - R. A. St.Laurent; T. L. McCabe (Zootaxa, 2016)
Mimallonidae of the Caribbean Basin are discussed, with attention primarily given to species endemic to the Caribbean islands and the northern coast of Venezuela. The Caribbean Basin is a political term for tropical regions circumscribed by the Gulf of Mexico. Cicinnus bahamensis sp. n. is described from the Bahamas, the first species of Mimallonidae from this country. The Cuban species Cicinnus packardii (Grote, 1865), the closest relative of C. bahamensis sp. n., is figured and compared. A third, similar, species from northern coastal Venezuela, C. falcoargenteus sp. n., is described and compared to the previous two species.
Keywords: Bahamas; Caribbean Basin; Cicinnus; Cuba; Lepidoptera; Mimallonidae; Venezuela

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 2004.11.101, NYS Route 51 Bridge over Erie Canal/CSX/NYS Route 5, (BINS 4051180, 405118A, and 405118B), Village of Ilion (MCD 04340) and Town of Herkimer (MCD 04306), Herkimer County, New York - D. Staley (New York State Museum, 2016)

Cultural Resources Survey Report for PIN 2805.66.101, Traffic System Project 15, Route 26 and Route 46 Intersection, Town of Eaton, Madison County, New York - D. Staley (New York State Museum, 2016)

Guilty Thrills: Sparks from the Past - D. Staley (New York Archaeological Council Newsletter, 2016)

Last Gasp: The Construction, Operation, and Dissolution of the Adirondack Iron and Steel Company's "New Furnace" - D. Staley (Northeast Historical Archaeology, 2016)
Isolation and historical circumstances have largely preserved the "New Furnace" at the Adirondack Iron & Steel COmpany's Upper Works. An historical account suggested that the operational process at the facility would be clearly represented by an array of tools and debris. Daily activities at a blast furnace tend to obliterate much of the archaeologically observable behavioral evidence, and decades of visitors and vandalism have removed any tools abandoned after the last iron casting. Through the interpretation of sediments, stratigraphy, features, and under-utilized material culture, such as building materials, smelting raw materials, and slag, it is possible to reveal apsects of construction, operations, collapse, and decay at the site. Taken further, some of the findings may reflect corporate paternalism, as well as the owners' wildly fluctuating fiscal attitudes toward New Furnace construction and oeprations.

Systematics and paleobiogeographic significance of the Upper Ordovician pterygometopine trilobite Achatella Delo,1935 - Swisher, Robert E.; Westrop, Stephen R.; L. Amati (Journal of Paleontology, 2016)
Study of type and new material of the pterygometopine Achatella Delo, 1935 demonstrates the presence of four species in Upper Ordovician (Katian) strata of Laurentian North America, A. achates (Billings, 1860) from the northeastern United States and the St. Lawrence lowlands of Canada, A. carleyi (Meek, 1872) from the Cincinnati region, Ohio and Kentucky, A. katharina (Bradley, 1930), from Missouri and Oklahoma, and A. clivosa Lespérance and Weissenberger, 1998 from the Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec. Perhaps as many as five additional species are present in Sandbian–Katian strata of the Laurentian terranes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, although only three of these are known well enough to code for phylogenetic analysis. The oldest pterygometopines, including species of Achatella, are known from Middle Ordovician strata of Baltica. Phylogenetic analysis supports a single migration event from Baltica from Laurentia, followed by a modest diversification in the latter region.

Geological context, biostratigraphy and systematic revision of late early Cambrian olenelloid trilobites from the Parker and Monkton formations, northwestern Vermont, U.S.A. - Webster, M.; E. Landing (Australasian Palaeontological Memoirs, 2016)
In northwestern Vermont, upper lower Cambrian (Dyeran Stage) dysoxic deposits of the Franklin Basin are separated by 7 km from coeval, shallow-shelf deposits of the Monkton Formation on the Middlebury platform. This report presents a systematic revision of olenelloid trilobites from three localities within the basinal facies of the Parker Formation (including the Parker quarry Lagerstätte) and three localities within the Monkton Formation. The study reveals a previously underestimated diversity of olenelloid species in both formations. Olenellus agellus, O. crassimarginatus, O. transitans and O. aff. transitans are presently known only from the basinal facies; Bolbolenellus hermani, B. cf. brevispinus and several indeterminate olenelloid species are presently known only from the shelf facies; and O. thompsoni, O. aff. fowleri and Mesonacis vermontanus occur in both facies. The revisions demonstrate that (1) the Parker and Monkton formations share several species, thus strengthening previous claims for at least partial age-equivalence of the units; and (2) the regression(s) represented by the Monkton Formation began after the formation of the Franklin Basin but prior to the deposition of the Parker quarry Lagerstätte. Some newly documented elements of the Parker and Monkton formation faunas are possibly conspecific with olenelloids from Nevada, which permits a provisional correlation of the Parker quarry Lagerstätte with the Bolbolenellus euryparia Zone or overlying uppermost Dyeran Nephrolenellus multinodus Zone of the Laurentian Cordilleran margin. The Monkton Formation regression(s) were broadly contemporaneous with one or more of the four late Dyeran shallowing-up events that have been identified in the southwestern United States. This indicates that the regression(s) were a eustastic rather than an epeirogenically controlled phenomenon.

New and Previously Overlooked Records of Several Fish Species from the Marine Waters of New York - J. J Wright; Schmidt, R. E.; B. R. Weatherwax (Northeastern Naturalist, 2016)
The marine fish fauna of New York represents a highly diverse species assemblage, compose of both migratory and resident taxa that utilize a wide variety of habitats. Recently the New York State Museum took position of Dr. Howard Riesman's personal ichthyology collection, which included many specimens from Shinnecock Bay, Long Island. Examinations of these specimens has provided evidence to suggest that an additional 4 species should be added to previously compiled lists of marine species known to occur in the vicinity of New York. The prior lack of recognition of the presence of these species in Shinnecock Bay is apparently attributable to a number of factors, including historical taxonomic confusion, actual range expansion, aquarium releases, and simple lack of historical documentation of rare or transient species.

Spatial, Temporal, Mineralogical, and Compositional Variations in Mesozoic Kimberlitic Magmatism in New York State - Bailey, D. G.; M. V. Lupulescu (Lithos, 2015)
Mesozoic kimberlitic magmatism was geographically widespread across central New York State, and nearly 90 distinct intrusions have been discovered since the first “serpentinite body” was described over 175 years ago. Most of the intrusions are narrow (< 30 cm wide), near vertical, north–south oriented dikes, although three larger, irregular diatremes are also known. Previous studies assumed that all of the intrusions were genetically and temporally related, and often examined only a small sub-set of the intrusions. By combining modern samples with historic samples in the collections of the New York State Museum and Hamilton College, we were able to obtain detailed mineralogical and geochemical data on samples from 27 distinct intrusions. The intrusions can be divided into four distinct groups on the basis of both mineralogy and geochemistry, and previously published radiometric age dates suggest that these four groups may also have distinct emplacement ages. Group A intrusions are exposed on the western margin of Cayuga Lake near Ithaca, and are characterized by olivine and phlogopite macrocrysts in a serpentine and phlogopite-rich matrix. These intrusions are relatively Ti-rich and contain abundant perovskite grains in the groundmass that yielded U–Pb crystallization ages of ~ 146 Ma (Heaman and Kjarsgaard, 2000). Group B intrusions are exposed over a relatively large area surrounding Ithaca, and are characterized by having a diverse macrocryst assemblage that includes pyrope, diopside, and spinel in addition to olivine and phlogopite. These intrusions are the most incompatible and REE enriched, and are chemically similar to the Kirkland Lake kimberlites in eastern Ontario. Intrusion ages for this group cluster between 125 and 110 Ma. Group C intrusions are all found within the city of Syracuse, and are similar to the Group B intrusions in both mineralogy and chemistry. They appear to be somewhat older, with intrusion ages of 135–125 Ma. Finally, Group D intrusions are geographically distant from the other three groups, being exposed in East Canada Creek nearly 100 km east of the Syracuse dikes. They are characterized mineralogically by abundant olivine and sparse, but large, phlogopite macrocrysts, and chemically by having the lowest incompatible element and rare earth element (REE) concentrations, and the highest 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Intrusion ages for these dikes are poorly constrained, but appear to be contemporaneous with, or slightly older than, the ~ 146 Ma Group A intrusions. All of the kimberlitic intrusions in central New York State have initial Sr and Nd isotope ratios close to bulk earth. This fact, combined with the observed macrocryst assemblages and incompatible trace element ratios, indicates that these magmas were derived primarily from an asthenospheric, garnet lherzolite source. Episodic intrusion of small volume, volatile-rich kimberlitic magmas into the Paleozoic sedimentary platform rocks of central New York appears to have occurred along ancient crustal structures that were reactivated by the far field stresses related to the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean.
Keywords: Continental rifting; Geochemistry; Kimberlite; Mesozoic magmatism; Mineralogy; New York

Surficial Geology of the Auburn Quadrangle, Cayuga County, New York - B. Bird; A. L. Kozlowski (Map & Chart Series 82, 2015)

Surficial Geology of the Fair Haven Quadrangle, Cayuga and Wayne County, New York - B. Bird; A. L. Kozlowski (Map & Chart Series 83, 2015)

Surficial Geology of the Weedsport Quadrangle, Cayuga County, New York - B. Bird; A. L. Kozlowski (Map & Chart Series 84, 2015)

Cultural Resources Survey of the DEC-Nutten Hook Preserve, Town of Stuyvesant, Columbia County, New York - H. Brown; A. Lynch; Van Nest, J. (New York State Museum, 2015)

The Classic Danburite Occurrence Near Russell, St. Lawrence County, New York - S. C. Chamberlain; M. V. Lupulescu; Bailey, D. G. (Rocks & Minerals, 2015)
Keywords: geology

Cultural Resources Data Recovery and Monitoring Report of the Fort Edward Village Site, Fort Edward Feeder Canal Bridge Site, Hilfinger Pottery Site, Town and Village of Fort Edward Washington County, New York - N. L. Davis (New York State Museum Cultural Resources Survey Program, 2015)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 9806.81.101, Replacement or Repair of Culvert 950062, NYS Route 51, Town of Butternuts, Otsego County, New York - N. L. Davis (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resources Survey Report for Archaeological Monitoring and Data Recovery: PIN 1089.57.321, Route 4 (Broadway) Reconstruction, Town and Village for Fort Edward, Washington County, New York. (4 Volumes) - N. L. Davis; J. S. Cardinal; Ferguson, J.; Moragne, S.; M. Pickands; J. Ross (New York State Museum, 2015)

Fort Edward Data Recovery and Monitoring Project, The Fort Edward Feeder Canal Bridge Site - N. L. Davis (New York Archaeological Council Newsletter, 2015)

The Fort Edward Feeder Canal Bridge Site, Fort Edward Data Recovery and Monitoring Project - N. L. Davis (New York Archaeological Council Newsletter, 2015)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of Route 30 over the Binnekill Creek (C963069), Village of Margaretville, Town of Middletown, Delaware County, New York - R. Dean (New York State Museum, 2015)

Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey for PIN X096.26, Eastbound I278 Staten Island South Avenue to Victory Boulevard Overpass, Town of Northfield, Richmond County, New York - Dubuque, J.; A. Lynch (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for DEC Tonawanda WMA Koepsel Road, Town of Newstead, Erie County and Foote Road, Town of Royalton, Niagara County, New York - Dubuque, J.; C. B. Rieth (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 7035.13.121, Eddie Drive and NY 22, Town of Plattsburgh, Clinton County, New York - Dubuque, J. (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for DEC-Tonawanda, Town of Akron, Erie County, New York - Dubuque, J. (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance survey report for PIN X096.26, I 278, South Avenue to Victory Blvd. Overpass, Staten Island, Richmond County, New York - Dubuque, J. (New York State Museum, 2015)

Bedrock Geology of the Clarksville Quadrangle, Albany County, New York - Engel, T.; Stander, E. J.; C. A. Ver Straeten (Map & Chart Series 92, 2015)

Exploring the Potential of Laser Ablation Carbon Isotope Analysis for Examining Ecology during the Ontogeny of Middle Pleistocene Hominins from Sima de los Huesos (Northern Spain) - Garcia, N.; R. S. Feranec; Passey, B. H.; Cerling, T. E.; Arsuaga, J. L. (PLOS ONE, 2015)
Laser ablation of tooth enamel was used to analyze stable carbon isotope compositions of teeth of hominins, red deer, and bears from middle Pleistocene sites in the Sierra de Atapuerca in northern Spain, to investigate the possibility that this technique could be used as an additional tool to identify periods of physiological change that are not detectable as changes in tooth morphology. Most of the specimens were found to have minimal intratooth variation in carbon isotopes (< 2.3‰), suggesting isotopically uniform diets through time and revealing no obvious periods of physiological change. However, one of the two sampled hominin teeth displayed a temporal carbon isotope shift (3.2‰) that was significantly greater than observed for co-occurring specimens. The δ13C value of this individual averaged about -16‰early in life, and -13‰later in life. This isotopic change occurred on the canine crown about 4.2 mm from the root, which corresponds to an approximate age of two to four years old in modern humans. Our dataset is perforce small owing to the precious nature of hominid teeth, but it demonstrates the potential utility of the intra-tooth isotope profile method for extracting ontogenetic histories of human ancestors.
Keywords: bears; hominins; Laser ablation; middle Pleistocene; red deer; Sierra de Atapuerca; Spain; stable carbon isotope; tooth enamel

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report, DEC Deer River Boat Launch, Town of Denmark, Lewis County, New York - A. Gore (New York State Museum, 2015)

Phase III Cultural Resource Survey Report, NYSM Site # 11760, Fort de la Presentation Site, City of Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence County, New York - A. Gore (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, 2015)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Site Examination Report of the Million Dollar Beach Historic Site (NYSM # 12577), Village of Lake George, Warren County, New York - A. Gore (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resource Site Examination Report for PIN 6037.25.101, Bridge Replacement over Salmon Creek on NY 415 Project. S. Moore Site (SUBi-3099, NYSM 12546), Town of Avoca, Steuben County, New York - Grills, S.A. (New York State Museum, 2015)

Bean/Common Bean - J. P. Hart (Archaeology of Food: An Encyclopedia, 2015)

Comment on Cook and Comstock's Evaluating the Old Wood Problem in a Temperate Climate: A Fort Ancient Case Study - J. P. Hart; Nolan, K. C. (American Antiquity, 2015)
In their recent report, Cook and Comstock (2014) purport to address the “old wood” problem in temperate eastern North America. Here we point out several interpretive and analytical errors in their work. We conclude that careful selection of wood charcoal for radiocarbon assay can result in accurate chronology for events of interest. However, this does not obviate the need to critically assess the extant database of wood charcoal dates in any chronology building effort.
Keywords: Fort Ancient; northeastern North America; Old Wood Problem; radiocarbon dating

Review of Radiocarbon Dating: An Archaeological Perspective, Second Edition by R. E. Taylor and Ofer Bar-Yosef - J. P. Hart (Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology, 2015)

Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 3043.65.121, Route 11 from Route 37, Town of Hastings, Oswego County, New York to Bennett Street, Hamlet of Brewerton, Onondaga County, New York - S. Higgins; J. Ross (New York State Museum, 2015)

Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 8045.05.101, Route 139 at Somers High School, Town of Somers, Westchester County, New York - S. Higgins (New York State Museum, 2015)

Cultural Resource Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey Report, PIN 0016.27.101 Route 112 from I 495 to Granny Road Recharge Basins, Hamlet of Medford, Town of Brookhaven (MCD #10302) Suffolk County, New York, P.R. #15PR01896 - S. Higgins (New York State Museum, 2015)

Mapping and Materials - A. L. Kozlowski (Material Matters, 2015)
Keywords: geology

Surficial Geology of the Genoa Quadrangle, Cayuga County, New York - A. L. Kozlowski; Leone, J.; B. Bird (Map & Chart Series 85, 2015)

Surficial Geology of the Scipio Center Quadrangle, Cayuga County, New York - A. L. Kozlowski; Leone, J.; B. Bird (Map & Chart Series 86, 2015)

Surficial Geology of the Scipio Center Quadrangle, Cayuga County, New York - A. L. Kozlowski; Leone, J.; B. Bird (Map & Chart Series 86, 2015)

Distinguishing Earth’s oldest bryozoan (Pywackia, Late Cambrian) from pennatulacean octocorals (Mesozoic–Recent) - E. Landing; Antcliffe, J. A.; Brasier, M. D.; A. M. English (Journal of Paleontology, 2015)

Distinguishing Earths Oldest Bryozoan (Pywackia, Late Cambrian) from Pennatulacean Octocorals (Mesozoic-Recent) - E. Landing; Antcliffe, J. A.; Brasier, M. D.; A. M. English (Journal of Paleontology, 2015)
Keywords: paleontology

Geochronology of the Cambrian: A Precise Middle Cambrian U-Pb Zircon Date from the German Margin of West Gondwana - E. Landing; G. Geyer; Buckwaldt, R.; Bowring, S. A. (Geological Magazine, 2015)
A volcanic tuff 1.0 m above the base of the Triebenreuth Formation in the Franconian Forest provides the first precise and biostratigraphically bracketed date within the traditional Middle Cambrian. The first illustration of fossils from the Triebenreuth Formation in this report and their discussion allow a more highly refined correlation within the Middle Cambrian. A weighted mean 206Pb–238U date of 503.14±0.13/0.25/0.59 Ma on zircons from this subaerial pyroclastic tuff was determined by U–Pb chemical abrasion isotope dilution mass spectrometry (CA-TIMS) techniques. At c. 6.0–7.0 Ma younger than the base of the traditional Middle Cambrian in Avalonia, the new West Gondwanan date from east-central Germany suggests that estimates of 500 Ma for the base of the traditional Upper Cambrian and 497 Ma on the base of the Furongian Series may prove to be too ‘old’. Biostratigraphically well-bracketed dates through most of the Middle Cambrian/Series 3 and below the upper Upper Cambrian/upper Furongian Series do not exist. An earlier determined 494.4±3.8 Ma date from the Southwell Group of Tasmania may actually prove to be a reasonable estimate for the age of the base of the traditional Upper Cambrian. Until high precision dates are determined on the base of the traditional Upper Cambrian and base of the Furongian Series, the rates of biotic replacements and geological developments and the durations of biotic zones in the Middle/Series 3 and Upper Cambrian/Furongian Series remain as ‘best guesses’.
Keywords: Germany; Middle Cambrian; Triebenreuth Formation; U–Pb zircon date

Improved Geochronologic Accuracy and Precision for the ICS Chronostratigraphic Charts: Examples from the late Cambrian–Early Ordovician - E. Landing; A.W.A. Rushton; R.A. Fortey; S.A. Bowring (Episodes, 2015)
The utility of ICS International Chronostratigraphic Charts (ICS Charts) relies on the accuracy and precision of reported geochronologic dates and their relationship to the bases of global chronostratigraphic units. However, an examination of some early Paleozoic dates (i.e., Cambrian–Ordovician boundary and lowest Ordovician) on the ICS Charts shows that they differ from originally reported and late recalculated dates. Thus, they record a numerical precision that differs from these revised dates. The dates assigned to the bases of formal early Paleozoic chronostratigraphic units may be interpreted by the lay reader as precise determinations, although they are almost all estimates based on dated horizons that stratigraphically bracket a chronostratigraphic unit’s base. The bases of informal Cambrian chronostratigraphic units (e.g., Stage 10, ~489.5 Ma) are also assigned relatively precise ages although consensus does not exist on the horizon that should define an informal unit’s base, and several alternative GSSP horizons with differing ages may exist. The uncertainties of the ICS Chart’s dates on stage bases within the traditional Upper Cambrian are so great that the tilde (e.g., “~500.5”) indicating “about” might be replaced by question marks or an abbreviation for “estimated.” A preferred alternative is to replace the age estimates on the bases of informal and almost all formal chronostratigraphic divisions in the Phanerozoic with precise dates that bracket the bases of the divisions. The ICS Chart should include (perhaps on-line) brief discussions on and references to the history and procedures of age determination, accuracy, and precision for each dated horizon. An even more accurate, precise, and informative ICS Chart would result from review by a new ICS subcommission on geochronology. The subcommission could evaluate proposed dates for the ICS Chart for accuracy, precision, and suitability for determining/bracketing the ages of chronostratigraphic unit bases and provide updated reviews of the procedures used to determine all ICS Chart dates.

Late Cambrian (middle Furongian) Shallow-Marine Dysoxic Mudstone with Calcrete and Brachiopod–Olenid–Lotagnostus Faunas in Avalonian Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia - E. Landing; Westrop, S. R. (Geological Magazine, 2015)
Keywords: Avalonia; calcrete; Cambrian; Cape Breton Island; eustasy; marine dysoxia; upper Cambrian

Cultural Resources Architectural Report for PIN 9806.80.101, NY 52 Culvert/tributary to East Branch Callicoon Creek (C970085), Hamlet of Kohlertown, Town of Delaware, Sullivan County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (2015)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

A Cultural Resources Architectural Survey Report for PIN 1809.39, NY 3 Old Mill Race/Culvert (C120003), Town of Saint Armand, Hamlet of Bloomingdale, Essex County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (2015)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

HABS/HAER Report for NY 213/Snyder Boat Slip Culvert, Town of Rosendale, Ulster County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2015)

HABS/HAER Report for PIN 1161.19 NY 86 Bridge over the West Branch of the Ausable River - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2015)

HABS/HAER Report for Route 22 over the Boquet River, Town of Westport, Essex County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2015)

Historic American Engineering Record, East Third Street Bridge over Hutchinson River Parkway, City of Mount Vernon and Village of Pelham, Westchester County, New York. PIN 8BOW.27.101 - M.S. LoRusso (New York State Museum, 2015)

Review of Pre-Clovis in the Americas: International Science Conference Proceedings edited by Dennis Joe Stanford and Alison T. Stenger - J. C. Lothrop (Lithic Technology, 2015)

Fishing for Dog Food: Ethnographic and Ethnohistoric Insights on the Freshwater Reservoir in Northeastern North America - Lovis, W. A.; J. P. Hart (Radiocarbon, 2015)
A review of current research reveals multiple lines of evidence suggesting that no single freshwater reservoir offset (FRO) correction can be applied to accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) ages obtained on carbonized food residue from cooking vessels. Systematically evaluating the regional presence, magnitude, and effects of a freshwater reservoir effect (FRE) is a demonstrably difficult analytic problem given the variation of ancient carbon reservoirs in both space and time within water bodies, and which should be performed in advance of AMS assays. In coastal and estuarine contexts, a priori partitioning FRE from known marine reservoir effects (MRE) is also necessary to eliminate potential mixed effects. Likewise, any FRE varies based on the proportional mix of resources producing the residues and the ancient carbon uptake of those products. Processing techniques are a significant component of assessing potential FRE, and each pot/cooking vessel is therefore an independent context requiring analytic evaluation. In northeastern North America, there is little ethnohistoric/ ethnographic evidence for fish boiling/stewing in ceramic cooking vessels; rather, fish were more often dried, smoked, or cooked for immediate consumption on open fires. Assays of fatty acids extracted from prehistoric vessel fabrics even on known fishing sites reveals no evidence for fish in the food mix. These observations suggest that the likelihoods of FRE in carbonized food residue in northeastern North America is therefore low, and that assays potentially suffering from FRO are minimal. In turn, this suggests that AMS ages from carbonized food residues are reliable unless analytically demonstrated otherwise for specific cases, and should take primacy over ages on other associated materials that have historically been employed for critical threshold chronological events.
Keywords: Cooking Technology; Diet; Fish Processing; Freshwater Reservoir Effect

Review of "Ancestral Encounters in Highland Madagascar: Material Signs and Traces of the Dead" by Zoë Crossland - Michael T. Lucas (Historical Archaeology, 2015)

Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) Spray Dried Powder for Controlling Zebra Mussels Adhering to Test Substrates: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1051 - Luoma, J. A.; Severson, T. J.; Weber, K. L.; D. A. Mayer (United States Geological Survey, 2015)
A mobile bioassay trailer was used to assess the efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) spray dried powder (SDP) formulation for controlling zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) from two midwestern lakes: Lake Carlos (Alexandria, Minnesota) and Shawano Lake (Shawano, Wisconsin). The effects of SDP exposure concentration and exposure duration on zebra mussel survival were evaluated along with the evaluation of a benthic injection application technique to reduce the amount of SDP required to induce zebra mortality. Groups of zebra mussels were collected from each lake and allowed to adhere to test substrates for at least 15 days before exposure to SDP. Two independent trials were completed at each lake: (1) a whole water column (WWC) application trial was used to evaluate the effects of SDP exposure concentration and exposure duration on zebra mussel survival; and (2) a benthic injection (BI) application trial in which the SDP was injected into the test tanks to determine the efficacy of a benthic injection application technique to reduce the amount of SDP required to induced zebra mussel mortality. Three exposure durations (6, 9, and 12 hours) were evaluated in the WWC trials and a 12-hour exposure duration was evaluated in the BI trials. All trials contained zebra mussels which were removed at the completion of each exposure duration, consolidated into wire mesh cages, and held in the lake for approximately 30 days before being assessed for survival. For all trials, treatment was assigned to each test tank according to a randomized block design (n = 3 test tanks per treatment). The treatment groups included (1) an untreated control group, (2) a group that received an application of 50 milligrams of SDP per liter (mg SDP/L), and (3) a group that received an application of 100 mg SDP/L. During the BI trials, SDP was administered to achieve the desired exposure concentration in the bottom 50 percent (175 L) of the test tank. All exposure concentrations are reported as active ingredient. Approximately 30 days after exposure, zebra mussels were sorted into live and dead, and enumerated. Mean survival of zebra mussels in control treatments exceeded 95 percent. Mean survival of zebra mussels in the Lake Carlos WWC SDP-treated groups ranged from 0.5 to 2.1 percent and when compared at the same exposure duration, no difference was detected in survival between the 50 and 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L) treatment groups. Similarly, mean survival of zebra mussels in the Shawano Lake WWC SDP-treated groups ranged from 2.0 to 12.6 percent and when compared at the same exposure duration, no difference was detected in survival between the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups. Mean survival of zebra mussels in the Lake Carlos BI trial SDP-treated groups did not differ (p = 0.93) and was 18.1 and 18.0 percent in the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups, respectively. Mean survival of zebra mussels in the Shawano Lake BI trial SDP-treated groups differed (p < 0.01) and was 2.9 and 0.9 percent in the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups, respectively. Survival of zebra mussels assigned to the SDP-treated groups in the Lake Carlos WWC trial (12-hour exposure duration) differed from the survival of zebra mussels assigned to the SDP-treated groups in the Lake Carlos BI trial; however, after modification of the BI application technique, no difference (p = 0.22) was detected between the survival of zebra mussel in the Shawano Lake WWC (12-hour exposure duration) and BI trials.
Keywords: biology

Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CL145A Spray Dried Powder for Controlling Zebra Mussels Adhering to Native Unionid Mussels within Field Enclosures: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1050 - Luoma, J. A.; Weber, K. L.; Severson, T. J.; D. A. Mayer (2015)
A mobile bioassay trailer was used to assess the efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) spray dried powder (SDP) formulation for controlling zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) from two midwestern lakes: Lake Carlos (Alexandria, Minnesota) and Shawano Lake (Shawano, Wisconsin). The effects of SDP exposure concentration and exposure duration on zebra mussel survival were evaluated along with the evaluation of a benthic injection application technique to reduce the amount of SDP required to induce zebra mortality. Groups of zebra mussels were collected from each lake and allowed to adhere to test substrates for at least 15 days before exposure to SDP. Two independent trials were completed at each lake: (1) a whole water column (WWC) application trial was used to evaluate the effects of SDP exposure concentration and exposure duration on zebra mussel survival; and (2) a benthic injection (BI) application trial in which the SDP was injected into the test tanks to determine the efficacy of a benthic injection application technique to reduce the amount of SDP required to induced zebra mussel mortality. Three exposure durations (6, 9, and 12 hours) were evaluated in the WWC trials and a 12-hour exposure duration was evaluated in the BI trials. All trials contained zebra mussels which were removed at the completion of each exposure duration, consolidated into wire mesh cages, and held in the lake for approximately 30 days before being assessed for survival. For all trials, treatment was assigned to each test tank according to a randomized block design (n = 3 test tanks per treatment). The treatment groups included (1) an untreated control group, (2) a group that received an application of 50 milligrams of SDP per liter (mg SDP/L), and (3) a group that received an application of 100 mg SDP/L. During the BI trials, SDP was administered to achieve the desired exposure concentration in the bottom 50 percent (175 L) of the test tank. All exposure concentrations are reported as active ingredient. Approximately 30 days after exposure, zebra mussels were sorted into live and dead, and enumerated. Mean survival of zebra mussels in control treatments exceeded 95 percent. Mean survival of zebra mussels in the Lake Carlos WWC SDP-treated groups ranged from 0.5 to 2.1 percent and when compared at the same exposure duration, no difference was detected in survival between the 50 and 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L) treatment groups. Similarly, mean survival of zebra mussels in the Shawano Lake WWC SDP-treated groups ranged from 2.0 to 12.6 percent and when compared at the same exposure duration, no difference was detected in survival between the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups. Mean survival of zebra mussels in the Lake Carlos BI trial SDP-treated groups did not differ (p = 0.93) and was 18.1 and 18.0 percent in the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups, respectively. Mean survival of zebra mussels in the Shawano Lake BI trial SDP-treated groups differed (p < 0.01) and was 2.9 and 0.9 percent in the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups, respectively. Survival of zebra mussels assigned to the SDP-treated groups in the Lake Carlos WWC trial (12-hour exposure duration) differed from the survival of zebra mussels assigned to the SDP-treated groups in the Lake Carlos BI trial; however, after modification of the BI application technique, no difference (p = 0.22) was detected between the survival of zebra mussel in the Shawano Lake WWC (12-hour exposure duration) and BI trials.
Keywords: biology

Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CL145A Spray Dried Powder for Controlling Zebra Mussels Adhering to Native Unionid Mussels within Field Enclosures: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1050 - Luoma, J. A.; Weber, K. L.; Severson, T. J.; D. A. Mayer (United States Geological Survey, 2015)
The efficacy of a commercially prepared spray dried powder (SDP) formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain CL145A) was evaluated for removing zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) adhering to a population of unionid mussels in Lake Darling (Alexandria, Minnesota). Two groups of unionid mussels were used in the study. Unionid mussels were collected near the test area, weighed, photographed, individually tagged, and randomly allocated to one of nine test enclosures in equal proportions and then divided into two groups. The first group of unionid mussels (Group 1, n = 5 per test enclosure) were indiscriminately selected from each test enclosure and used to estimate the number of zebra mussels adhering to unionid mussels prior to exposure. The second group of unionid mussels (Group 2, n = 22 per test enclosure) were used to evaluate the efficacy of SDP for removal of adhering zebra mussels. Both Group 1 and Group 2 mussels were used to evaluate the effects of SDP exposure on unionid mussel survival. Treatment was assigned to each test enclosure by using a randomized block design. The three treatment groups were tested in triplicate and included an untreated control group and groups that received a single application of 50 or 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of SDP based on active ingredient. All treatment concentrations are reported as active ingredient of SDP. Test enclosures were removed at the 8-hour exposure termination. Both Group 1 and Group 2 mussels remained in their assigned exposure location during the postexposure holding period. The number of zebra mussels adhering to Group 2 mussels (live and dead) was assessed 18 to 20 days postexposure in addition to assessing the survival of Group 1 and Group 2 unionid mussels. SDP, administered as a single treatment, significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the number of adhering zebra mussels when compared to the untreated controls. The number of zebra mussels adhering to unionid mussels (Group 2) was reduced 53 percent in the 50-mg/L treatment group and 68 percent in the 100-mg/L treatment group. The number of adhering zebra mussels did not differ (p = 0.79) between the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups after exposure. When standardized to the amount of SDP applied per square meter, each gram (g) of SDP applied in the 50-mg/L treatment reduced the number of adhering zebra mussel 59.8 percent more than the 100-mg/L treatment group. Group 1 mussel survival did not differ between treatment groups (p > 0.05); however, a difference was detected (p < 0.01) in the survival of Group 2 mussels. The survival of Group 2 mussels did not differ (p > 0.23) between control and treated groups. A difference in Group 2 mussel survival was detected (p = 0.03; odds ratio [OR] = 0.290) between the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups (that is, the survival was highest in the 50-mg/L treatment group and lowest in the 100-mg/L treatment group), however, the biological significance of the difference is indeterminate.
Keywords: biology

Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CL145A Spray Dried Powder for Controlling Zebra Mussels Adhering to Native Unionid Mussels Within Field Enclosures: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1051 - Luoma, J. A.; Severson, T. J.; Weber, K. L.; D. A. Mayer (2015)
The efficacy of a commercially prepared spray dried powder (SDP) formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain CL145A) was evaluated for removing zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) adhering to a population of unionid mussels in Lake Darling (Alexandria, Minnesota). Two groups of unionid mussels were used in the study. Unionid mussels were collected near the test area, weighed, photographed, individually tagged, and randomly allocated to one of nine test enclosures in equal proportions and then divided into two groups. The first group of unionid mussels (Group 1, n = 5 per test enclosure) were indiscriminately selected from each test enclosure and used to estimate the number of zebra mussels adhering to unionid mussels prior to exposure. The second group of unionid mussels (Group 2, n = 22 per test enclosure) were used to evaluate the efficacy of SDP for removal of adhering zebra mussels. Both Group 1 and Group 2 mussels were used to evaluate the effects of SDP exposure on unionid mussel survival. Treatment was assigned to each test enclosure by using a randomized block design. The three treatment groups were tested in triplicate and included an untreated control group and groups that received a single application of 50 or 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of SDP based on active ingredient. All treatment concentrations are reported as active ingredient of SDP. Test enclosures were removed at the 8-hour exposure termination. Both Group 1 and Group 2 mussels remained in their assigned exposure location during the postexposure holding period. The number of zebra mussels adhering to Group 2 mussels (live and dead) was assessed 18 to 20 days postexposure in addition to assessing the survival of Group 1 and Group 2 unionid mussels. SDP, administered as a single treatment, significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the number of adhering zebra mussels when compared to the untreated controls. The number of zebra mussels adhering to unionid mussels (Group 2) was reduced 53 percent in the 50-mg/L treatment group and 68 percent in the 100-mg/L treatment group. The number of adhering zebra mussels did not differ (p = 0.79) between the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups after exposure. When standardized to the amount of SDP applied per square meter, each gram (g) of SDP applied in the 50-mg/L treatment reduced the number of adhering zebra mussel 59.8 percent more than the 100-mg/L treatment group. Group 1 mussel survival did not differ between treatment groups (p > 0.05); however, a difference was detected (p < 0.01) in the survival of Group 2 mussels. The survival of Group 2 mussels did not differ (p > 0.23) between control and treated groups. A difference in Group 2 mussel survival was detected (p = 0.03; odds ratio [OR] = 0.290) between the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups (that is, the survival was highest in the 50-mg/L treatment group and lowest in the 100-mg/L treatment group), however, the biological significance of the difference is indeterminate.
Keywords: biology

Safety of Spray-dried Powder Formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CL145A Exposure to Subadult/Adult Unionid Mussels During Simulated Open-water Treatments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1064 - Luoma, J. A.; Weber, K. L.; Waller, D. L.; Wise, J. K.; D. A. Mayer; Aloisi, D. B. (2015)
Keywords: biology

Safety of Spray-dried Powder Formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CL145A Exposure to Subadult/Adult Unionid Mussels During Simulated Open-water Treatments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1064 - Luoma, J. A.; Weber, K. L.; Waller, D. L.; Wise, J. K.; D. A. Mayer; Aloisi, D. B. (United States Geological Survey, 2015)
The exposure effects of a commercially prepared spray dried powder (SDP) formulation ofPseudomonas fluorescens (strain CL145A) on the survival of seven species of unionid mussels endemic to the Great Lakes and Mississippi River basins was evaluated in this study. The study exposures were completed within replicated 350-liter test tanks contained within a mobile bioassay laboratory sited on the shores of the Black River near La Crosse, Wisconsin. The test tanks were supplied with flowing, filtered river water which was interrupted during the exposure period. Two groups of seven species of mussels were used in equal proportions in the study. The first group was exposed to SDP for 8 hours, and the second group was exposed to SDP for 24 hours. Individually tagged mussels were randomly allocated to test tanks until all test tanks contained 8 to 10 mussels of each species (dependent upon the number available for testing). The experimental unit for the trial was the individual test tank, and treatment group was assigned using a randomized block design. The treatment groups for each exposure duration consisted of (1) an untreated control group, (2) a group that received an application of 50 milligrams SDP per liter (mg SDP/L), and (3) a group that received an application of 100 mg SDP/L. All mussel species and both exposure duration groups were exposed concurrently (that is, one-half of the mussels were removed after 8 hours of SDP exposure and the remaining mussels were removed after 24 hours of SDP exposure). All treatment concentrations are reported as active ingredient. After exposure, the mussels were consolidated into wire mesh cages and placed in the Black River for a 27-28 day postexposure period, after which time survival of mussels was assessed. Of the 1,170 mussels tested in the study, 3 were confirmed dead and 5 were not recovered and treated as mortalities in the analysis. The effect and interactions of species, SDP exposure concentration, and SDP exposure duration were analyzed and did not affect mussel survival (p > 0.98). The results from this study indicate that SDP exposure at the maximum approved open-water concentration of 100 mg/L for up to 3 times the maximum approved open-water exposure duration of 8 hours (in other words for 24 hours of exposure) is unlikely to reduce survival of subadult or adult mussels.
Keywords: biology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1809.39.101, Route 3, Culvert # C120003, Town of St. Armand, Essex County, New York - A. Lynch (2015)
Keywords: Cultural Resources