Conewango Creek drains approximately 2,325 km2 in southwestern New York and northwestern Pennsylvania, U.S.A. It is part of the Allegheny River watershed, which drains into the Mississippi River drainage through the Ohio River. The first synoptic survey of the fishes of the basin occurred in 1937 (Greeley 1938). After this initial survey, workers from the state management agency (New
York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC)), colleges, environmental organizations and museums collected information on fish distribution episodically during the next seven decades. Carlson et al. (1999) compiled and updated this earlier information on the status of fishes and listed 69 species from the basin. In a survey conducted in 2004 and 2005, Daniels et al.
(2006) collected representatives of ten species not previously reported from the streams of the basin.